No.6 Price: 50 den.

February, 2010
ISSN: 1857-6710

M aaga
g a z iine
n e ooff tthe
h e M iinistry
n i s t r y ooff D eefense
f e n s e ooff tthe
h e R eepublic
p u b l i c ooff M aacedonia
cedonia

Eighth rotation of the ARM

in ISAF - Afghanistan

WITH THE SUN AND

THE MYTHICAL “LEOPARD”
MEDIA
SUPPORT
KEY FACTOR FOR PROMOTION OF MOD AND ARM

Sports – ARMY OLYMPIANS

OUR BIATLON COMPETITORS AMONG
THE FIRST ONE HUNDRED IN THE WORLD
ARM-NATO REPORTING WEAPONS MILITARY HISTORY GAMES AND SIMULATIONS
member of the first mechanized
infantry brigade „scorpions“
Content:
S H I E L D
KRIVOLAK BREATHING FREELY

The future of our planet is in our hands.

The more we take care of it, the more it
will return the favor. We have inherited it
from our ancestors and we should pass
it on to our future generations as such.
Therefore, nowadays, in conditions
when our mother, the planet, is being
ruthlessly polluted, each day we are
more and more threatened by the worst
– its disappearance, together with all the
wildlife, so it is more than necessary to
be aware and to fully devote ourselves
Page to the salvation of the human race.
As in the other fields, in the field of de-
8 Interview
with Zoran Ljutkov, actor
fense as well, the question of protecting
the army life environment is an impera-
tive, having in mind that all sorts of arti-
ficial means such as ammunition, mines
The Contribution of and explosives etc., as potential pollut-
Page ants, are being used. This especially re-
the Republic of Macedonia fers to the environment in and around
4 Concrete Confirmation of the Success
in the Defense Reforms
army areas like “Krivolak”, our largest
training area, which having in mind the
capacities and the conditions it provides
can grow into a Regional Training Center.
For the implementation of this idea, at
Page FIRE IN THE SKY the beginning of last year, the Minis-

15
try of Defense prepared a project and
Space Militarization - II placed due importance to its implemen-
tation. For that purpose, in addition to
creating military preconditions for an
uninterrupted operation of the area as
a Training Center for the needs of our
Page FLYING AFICIONADOS army, and the armies in the region, we
Page

28
placed due importance to creating an
Training Squadron at the Air Force WING
Per Aspera Ad Astra 11 environmental study for the protection
of the environment inside the military
range itself, as well as around it.
As part of the project of the Ministry
of Defense for promoting the military
Page SERVING HUMANITY range “Krivolak” into a Regional Training

34 From a peacekeeper’s journal

Center, in cooperation with the Ministry
of Environment and Physical Planning
and corresponding to the Ministry of
Ecology and the Ministry of Defense of
the Republic of Slovenia, there was a
requirement for developing a study was
Page UNITED FOR HUMANITY received recently as a draft. The study

37 Page showed that there was no pollution on

22
THE ROLE OF THE UN the military range itself, that is, that the
IN REFUGEE PROTECTION pollution was within the proper limits.
“Today, we have officially received an
acknowledgment and I can freely say
that we have received the environmen-
Page THE MACEDONIAN ROOM tal constitution for further utilization and

44 A synonym for recognizing

the ARM “scorpions”
operation of the military range Krivolak.
That is a very important document which
paves the future of the military range
and it proves that we have been using
it properly so far, but it is also a com-
Page FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN mitment for its proper use in future”,
Page stated the Minister of Defense, Zoran

48 Retrospective – the accident of the

American Three Mile Nuclear Power Plant 54
Konjanovski, after the meeting with his
colleague, the Minister of Environment
and Physical Planning, Nexhati Jakupi.
The serious approach to this issue is
SHIELD - Year II, issue 6, February 2009, published monthly also confirmed by the fact that the
PUBLISHER - MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of
Environment and Physical Planning have
PUBLISHING BOARD established working groups, which will
Emil Dimitriev (Chairman, chief) carry out additional analyses of all the
Major general Naser Sejdini, Sashko Dimov, Lieutenant Colonel Mirce Gjorgoski, Lieutenant Colonel Zdravko Rizovski,
Lieutenant Colonel Meri Rindzova, Ph.D. Gorgi Malkovski material that has arrived from Slovenia.
After the working groups finish their
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF work in coordination and cooperation,
Lieutenant Colonel Zdravko Rizovski they will start developing rulebooks for
a 24-hour monitoring and further utiliza-
EDITORIAL BOARD tion and protection of the army environ-
Biljana Ivanova (Copy Editor, Art and Graphic Editor), Ivan Petrushevski (Associate Journalist) Ksenija Miteva (Lector), Aleksandar ment in the future, including the military
Atanasov (Photographs) range “Krivolak”.
CONCEPTUAL CONSULTING, ART OFFICE AND DESIGN One thing is obvious. We have a commit-
Zarko Stojanovik, Oliver Kurciev, Vesna Vujadinovik, Stefan Smiljanoski ment to build a future for the army envi-
ronment, as well as for the military range
Printed by: ”Evropa 92” Kocani Krivolak. Concrete precautious have been
taken concerning this issue. That ad-
ADDRESSS ditionally is a huge achievement in the
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - Magazine “SHIELD” promotion of the military range “Krivolak”
“Orce Nikolov” bb 1000 Skopje
Phone: 02 038 24 17; 02 328 20 58 into a Regional Training Center.
Fax: 02 3113 527; 02 3128 276
www.morm.gov.mk; E-mail: stit@morm.gov.mk Zdravko Rizovski

3
 The Contribution
of the Republic
of Macedonia
Concrete Confirmation of the Success in the De
he Republic of Macedonia
is an example of the huge
transformation power
of its strategic goals to
achieve membership in NATO
and the European Union.
Since its independence (1991)
to date, Macedonia has man-
aged to become a factor of
regional cooperation and a
serious contributor not only to
regional but also global secu-
rity, peace and stability.
Firmly committed to the ef-
forts for European and Euro-
Atlantic integrations, Mace-
donia aims at integrating the
Region as a whole and enhanc-
4
ing its contribution to global
security and world peace.
Macedonia is one of the first
countries in the region that
joined the Partnership for
Peace Initiative (1995) and the
first country in the region that
signed the Stabilization and
Association Agreement (2001).
Persistent defense reforms
enabled achievement of the
necessary standards and ca-
pacities to contribute to peace-
keeping operations worldwide.
Achievements in defense re-
forms and in establishing the
contemporary Macedonian
Army give a strong contribu-

fense Reforms
tion to the overall integration efforts
of the Republic of Macedonia. In addi-
tion to the extremely successful (10)
MAP-cycles, as well as after receiving
candidate country status (2005) and
a positive recommendation by the
European Commission for a starting
date of negotiations with the Union
(2009), the actual contribution of the
Republic of Macedonia to peacekeep-
ing operations in the world is a visible
proof that Macedonia has managed
to evolve into an equal and worthy
partner of NATO and the European
Union.
Despite all the challenges, from its
independence to building a functional
multiethnic democracy, the Republic
of Macedonia built a modern army mont, will participate in the mission
which soon contributed to trans- for training and mentoring the Af-
forming itself from a global security ghan Security Forces. With this in-
consumer to a security provider. The crease in Afghanistan for about 50
first contribution of the Republic of percent, the Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia abroad began in 2002 as will contribute to peacekeeping op-
part of the NATO –led ISAF mission erations with a total of 260 soldiers,
in Afghanistan. Afterwards, Macedo- which indeed is a serious and a sig-
nia expanded its contribution through nificant contribution amounting up
participation in the “Iraqi Freedom” to 4% of the ARM forces.
mission (from June 2003 to Decem-
ber 2008), the EU military operation UNIFIL-LEBANON
in BiH “Althea” (from July 2006), and In May 2007, the Republic of Mace-
in the United Nations UNIFIL mission donia, started its contribution to-
in Lebanon (from May 2007). More- wards the effective multilaterism
over, the Republic of Macedonia pro- by the participation of one staff
vides continuous support to NATO- officer in the UN-led UNIFILI mis-
led KFOR mission in Kosovo, with the sion in Lebanon. The mission of the
functioning in the Host Nation Sup-
port Coordination Center (nationally
managed as of July 2007).
“ IRAQI FREEDOM “
After the completion of the major
combat operations in Iraq, toppling
of Saddam Hussein and the adop-
tion of Resolution 1546 by the Se-
curity Council of the United Nations,
the Republic of Macedonia decided
to start contributining to the mission
“Iraqi Freedom” in June 2003. The
initial contribution, which consisted
of a declared special purpose pla-
toon (about 40) in 2008 was further
strengthened by another platoon (or
approximately 80). The Republic of
Macedonia participated in the “Iraqi
Freedom” mission from June 2003
to December 2008, with a total of 11
completed rotations or a total figure
of 490 people who participated in
this mission.
AFGHANISTAN
The participation in the NATO-led
ISAF mission in Afghanistan was the
first contribution of Macedonia to
peace and stability beyond its bor-
ders. The contribution which began in
August 2002 with a symbolic depar-
ture of two officers within the Turkish
contingent, gradually evolved into the
rotation of 1109 Macedonian peace-
keepers to date, and a national con-
tribution which today is one of the
largest (per capita) in Afghanistan. In
its current contribution to ISAF, the
Republic of Macedonia was part of
the Joint Medical Team as part of A-3
(Macedonia, Albania, Croatia), which
from August 2005 to July 2009 has
successfully worked through eight ro-
tations at the Kabul airport. Today, the Macedonian UN peacekeeper within
Republic of Macedonia has deployed the UNIFIL Headquarters in Nagura
a total of 163 soldiers in the ISAF mis- is one year and the third rotation is
sion in Afghanistan - a company that underway.
provides security to the ISAF HQ in
Kabul (147), Staff Officers ISAF HQ ALTHEA
(4), Staff Officers in the OMLT (5), and The contribution of the Republic of
from December 2008, the Republic Macedonia in Althea was the first
of Macedonia (6) together with the contribution of the country in a mili-
Kingdom of Norway contributes to tary operation led by the European
the Joint Medical Surgical Team in the Union. The contribution to the EU
Norwegian Provincial Reconstruction operation in Bosnia and Herzegov-
Team (PRT) in Meymanah. ina, Althea, began (from July 2006)
As of February 2010, Macedonia will by declaring the helicopter detach-
additionally increase its contribution ment composed by two Mi-8/17 he-
to Afghanistan by about 80 soldiers. licopters (and a personnel consisting
The Macedonian soldiers, together of 21 people). After three rotations of
with the US National Guard of Ver- the helicopter detachment and the
5
 fourth rotation (January-July
2008) which started with only Countries which Popu- Contri- Partici-
one transport Mi-8/17 helicop- contribute in ISAF lation bution pation
ter (and with a personnel of in ISAF
12 people), the helicopter con- Troops
tribution of Macedonia to the
EU-led operation Althea end- 1 United Kingdom 61,11 9000 1,47%
ed in July 2008. After the im- 2 The Netherlands 16,72 2160 1,29%
mense loss of 11 Macedonian
peacekeepers in a helicopter 3 Denmark 5,50 690 1,25%
accident returning from a suc-
cessfully completed helicopter 4 Macedonia 2,07 243 1,18%
mission in Althea, the contri-
bution (a total of 12 people) of 5 Estonia 1,30 150 1,15%
the Republic of Macedonia to 6 USA 307,21 34800 1,13%
the EU operation Althea con-
tinues with a ROLE 1 medical 7 Norway 4,66 480 1,03%
team (10 people) in Camp But-
mir (from November 2006), a 8 Canada 33,49 2830 0,85%
legal adviser (1), a preventive 9 Latvia 2,23 175 0,78%
medicine sergeant (1) in com-
mand of EUFOR. 142 Mace- the country for membership
10 New Zealand 4,21 300 0,71% in NATO and the European
donian peacekeepers have
participated, in the EU-led 11 Lithuania 3,56 250 0,70% Union. Today, Macedonia con-
operation, Althea, thus sym- tributes to three international
bolizing the Macedonian con- 12 Albania 3,64 250 0,69% operations abroad (NATO, EU
tribution to the European Se- and UN led operations - ISAF,
13 Slovenia 2,01 130 0,65% Althea, UNIFIL- Lebanon) and
curity and Defense Policy and
regional peace and stability. leads the fourth operation to
14 Croatia 4,49 290 0,65% provide continuous logisti-
HOST NATION SUPPORT 15 Australia 21,26 1350 0,63% cal support to NATO forces
Macedonia provides constant in Kosovo through the KFOR
logistical support to the Al- 16 Bulgaria 7,97 460 0,58% operation of Host Nation Sup-
liance or the NATO-led op- port Coordination Center (HN-
17 Germany 82,33 4365 0,53% SCC).
eration in Kosovo (KFOR),
through the independent op- 18 Belgium 10,41 530 0,51% Today’s total global contribu-
eration (from July 2007) of the tion of the Republic of Mace-
Host Nation Support Coordi- 19 Poland 38,48 1910 0,50% donia is 178 peacekeepers
nation Center (HNSCC). The deployed in operations led by
20 Italy 58,13 2795 0,48% NATO, EU and UN. Including
Host Nation Support Coordi-
nation Center initially began to the host country contribution,
21 France 64,42 3095 0,48% the Republic of Macedonia
operate in April 2005 as a part
of the NATO Headquarters in 22 Sweden 9,06 430 0,47%
Skopje, a project which was
first implemented by a Mem- 23 Czech Republic 10,21 480 0,47%
ber Country in the Partner- 24 Slovakia 5,46 245 0,45%
ship for Peace. In addition to
the permanent engagement 25 Romania 22,22 990 0,45%
of the HNSCC (total staff 13),
the ARM also provides medi- 26 Hungary 9,91 360 0,36%
cal assistance to KFOR, as 27 Finland 5,25 165 0,31%
well as fuel, escort, and pro-
tection of NATO KFOR tran- 28 Iceland 0,31 8 0,26%
siting through the territory of
Macedonia. The Support Co- 29 Spain 40,53 1000 0,25%
ordination Center is involved
in the establishment of the 30 Luxemburg 0,49 8 0,16%
Logistics Support Command 31 Portugal 10,71 145 0,14%
of the ARM General Staff. Due
to the importance of providing 32 Greece 10,74 145 0,14%
logistical support to the Alli-
ance for the NATO mission in 33 Azerbaijan 8,24 90 0,11%
Kosovo, Macedonia considers 34 Turkey 76,81 720 0,09%
the functioning of the Host
Nation Support Coordination 35 UAE 4,80 25 0,05%
Center a concrete contribution
as a the fourth mission (in ad- 36 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,61 10 0,02%
dition to Afghanistan, Althea
and Lebanon) in support of 37 Singapore 4,66 9 0,02%
NATO KFOR. 38 Ireland 4,20 7 0,02%
CONCRETE 39 Jordan 6,27 7 0,01%
CONTRIBUTION, FUTURE
PROJECTIONS AND 40 Austria 8,21 4 0,00%
SIGNIFICANCE 41 Ukraine 45,70 10 0,002%
The contribution of the Re-
public of Macedonia in interna- 42 Georgia 4,62 1 0,002%
tional operations is a concrete
confirmation of the success * according to NATO web page, dd.22 of October 2009,
of reforms in the defense and and according to the announced contribution of the
the solid strategic goals of Republic of Macedonia from 2010

6

contributes with about almost
3% of its overall land forces.
With the announced increase
in contributions as of the be-
ginning of 2010, Macedonia
will reach its planned level of
contribution for about 260
peacekeepers, reaching de-
ployment of 4% of the ARM
forces in peacekeeping opera-
tions worldwide.
This percentage of contribu-
tion is serious and still not
reached even by many mem-
bers of NATO and the Eu-
ropean Union. Thus, only in
Afghanistan, per capita, the
Republic of Macedonia con-
tributes more than all coun-
tries in the region and more
than many members of NATO,
and its contribution is immedi-
ately alongside that of UK, the
US, Norway, the Netherlands,
and Denmark. The Republic of
Macedonia is committed to
further strengthening of its
future contribution to global
security and peace, by gradu-
ally increasing the contribution
in international operations and
according to predictions by
2018 the armed forces of the
Republic of Macedonia would
have reached a deployment
of 8% of the ARM forces. The
financial implications of the
contribution of the Republic of
Macedonia are very significant
and are projected to amount
to EUR 8 million in 2010.
What makes us particularly
proud is the fact that during
Macedonia’s current overall
contribution to operations led
by NATO, EU and UN, mem-
bers of the ARM have proven
and demonstrated to be wor-
thy of the granted trust. With
their dedication, profession-
alism, discipline and commit-
ment to assigned tasks, they
represent their country in the
most dignified manner. Our
peacekeepers are the pride
of our country and its ambas-
sadors who have confirmed
that Macedonia deserves the
equal membership to which it
strives.
Macedonian peacekeepers are
a proven, honored and val-
1. & 3. ARm
ued partner. The best proof
of this is the recognition of
began con- the Macedonian flag and its
tributing identification with peacekeep-
to ISAF in ers who possess the highest
august 2002 standards. An additional con-
firmation are the highest dec-
2. The Re- orations that our peacekeep-
public of ers have regularly received
macedonia in all previous contributions
was part of (120 medals from Iraq, 1109
“Iraqi Free- from Afghanistan, 68 from
dom” from our helicopter contribution in
Althea, 60 from the medical
june 2003 contribution in Althea), medals
to decem- of honor for excellence were
ber 2008 awarded to 4 Macedonian
peacekeepers for outstand-
4. the heli- ing contribution to the mis-
copter de- sion “Iraqi Freedom“, and 6
tachment Macedonian peacekeepers for
of the arm outstanding merit in the ISAF
was part mission in Afghanistan.
of “Althea” With 18 years of independence
from july and 7 years of contribution to
2006 to july
world peace, Macedonia has
contributed to previous rota-
2008 tions in international missions
with a total of 1744 Macedo-
5. The Re- nian peacekeepers (a quarter
public of of our Army), who reached the
macedonia highest standards in the coun-
is part try and returned to the coun-
of the un try with huge accumulated
forces in experience.
lEbanon The Macedonian peacekeep-
from may ers who in 2002 were the
2007 first to symbolically mark the
beginning of our contribution
to peacekeeping operations
worldwide, waving the flag of
the Republic of Macedonia in
Afghanistan precisely on the
day of its independence – the
September 8, continue to rep-
resent our ambassadors who
best promote the Republic of
Macedonia in building peace
and stability in the world.
The diplomat and the sol-
dier, the two symbolic fig-
ures of international affairs,
work together. In pursuit
of achieving the strategic
priorities of the Republic
of Macedonia for member-
ship in NATO and the Euro-
pean Union, the Macedonian
peacekeeper gives its largest
contribution.
Departement of
international cooperation
7
 THE SOLDIER ON
THE THEATRICAL STAGE
Interview
with Zoran Ljutkov, actor
Have you had the opportunity
to glance at “Shtit”, the new
MoD magazine?
– A while ago, I had the opportu-
nity to look through “Shtit” mag-
azine and I must say that there
has been a big progress over pre-
vious editions by the Ministry of
Defense, concerning the graphics
as well as the content aspect.
Which content attracted your
attention the most?
– There are many interesting
topics in the magazine that are
worth looking at. I would men-
8
Soldiers are people as well. But, we must not forget
that most people have felt the weight, and pride,
wearing the uniform of the Army of the Republic of
Macedonia. We interviewed actor Zoran Ljutkov,
who began his acting career in the Veles Theater,
and has been playing on the stage of the Macedo-
nian theaters for ten years now. Three years ago,
he started working in the Drama Theater in Skopje.
In 1996, he briefly felt the army life. His success in
acting - numerous major and supporting roles in the
theater where he is employed, participating in sev-
eral international theater festivals and TV projects,
two awards (the Best Young Actor Award “Trajko
Chorevski” in 2002 and the Audience Award for
the role of the boy Lysistrata at the Stobi Festival -
Stobi), are the fruits of success from the time of his
“being a soldier”
tion the section “Charger and Software”,
where you can read very interesting in-
formation about innovations in military
technology, then the technology of our
army, drawing parallels to older models
of weapons and, of course, the part of
the section 24 hours a soldier, which is
particularly significant and dedicated to
our peacekeepers who had been in vari-
ous missions.

Tell us something about your military

days?

– I joined the ARM in 1996 when con-

scription was nine months. The first thing
that impressed me in terms of the army
was the uniform itself. I must mention
that the first uniform I wore was called
battle dress uniform, if I remember well,
because the first month and a half I had
training in infantry, and then I took a driv-
ing test for category C in Gjorce Petrov
in Skopje and I became a truck driver.
Because of the successful results as a
driver, I was the head of the automotive
unit for a long time. Then, at the request
of the superiors, I was returned to the
garrison in Shtip, where I stayed for six
months.

When we speak of the military service,

tell us what did those several months
spent in the Army uniform mean to
you?

– They really meant a lot. After complet-

ing high school, I had to wait one year
until I started the faculty education sim-
ply because the Faculty of Dramatic Arts
did not take in student that particular
year. In fact, I had two options: to en-
roll at another university and feel life in
Skopje, or start the military service which
was the obligation to the country. I have
to say that I did not make a mistake for
having chosen the second option. It was
a decision that changed many things in
my life. The military means maturing of
a man, separating him from his home,
and getting used to a new way of living.
I learned a lot of things about infantry
training and training in the traffic service

9
 when I took the category C driving test
for. Very often, I was able to go to the
shooting ranges together with new re-
cruits where I had the opportunity to fire
with different weapons.
Can you share with us the incident from
the period of being a soldier which will
remain in your memory forever?
– I have to say that there were pleasant
and unpleasant things which, of course,
were a kind of experience and a lesson
for the future. I must mention that peo-
ple socialized a lot. One of the interest-
ing events was that there I was one of
the youngest truck drivers because I had
taken the test for category B on 11 Octo-
ber, and on October 16, I joined the Army
where after three months I passed the
test for category C. Once, we went to
the shooting range “Penush” with about
seven or eight trucks. The first truck fol-
lowed by the other trucks got stuck in
the mud. Many experienced drivers, both
officers and soldiers, tried to pull out the
trucks, but none of them succeeded. I
volunteered to help and as luck was by
my side, I managed to pull out all trucks
out of the mud, one by one. There was a
round of applause afterwards and, natu-
rally, a reward.
Nowadays, young people don’t have
the opportunity of getting to know the
beauties of army life. According to you,
how would that affect their future lives?
– I’m sorry that the younger generations
will not have the opportunity to do the
military service as an experience in life
they will never go through. A person re-
ally matures by serving in the military. At
first, the military, for all of us as young
people, was a real torture, but after the
training, especially after several years, I
realized that the military experience is
a kind of a springboard for the future.
There, you mature both mentally and
physically. You acquire certain stability in
life because you don’t have the comfort
you have in your home. The rhythm of
life, getting up at five o’clock in the morn-
ing, going to breakfast, lunch and dinner
at certain times, performing work obliga-
10
tions timely - all that prepares you for
the future. The military prepared me for
the obligations which I now have in my
everyday life.
You have certainly been familiarized
with Macedonia’s participation in mis-
sions abroad. What is your opinion on
Macedonia’s contribution in achieving
and maintaining world peace?
– I think that that is a huge contribution
with respect to the size of our country
and population per capita. Isn’t it obvi-
ous how much we contribute to peace-
keeping missions? I had no doubt that
we would be so successful and I hope
that we will continue to be an example
of the amount of responsibility a country
should have in addressing world peace
and prosperity of all nations.
On one side a driver in the army, and on
the other a professional actor. It’s an
interesting combination, isn’t it?
– I’ve never thought that I would be a
driver in the army, nor have I thought
which branch of service would be the
most interesting for me. Therefore, I left
other people to decide for me in terms
of my recruitment. The success I had as
a driver in the ARM came to me sponta-
neously, when a man has just as people
say – a sense for something. In that
period, there had been no connection
between the army and my acting, but I
must say that there were times when I
started thinking whether to continue my
focus on acting, or to try to find a way to
join the army, because some of my supe-
riors told me they were ready to help me
if I chose that option. However, my first
love was acting and I decided to follow
that path.
Art with defense as professions appar-
ently have no similarities, but actually
acting alone has similarities with all other
professions. An actor must have experi-
ence in all areas in order to prosper fur-
ther. As actors, we have visited barracks
and hospitals and many other places so
that we would be able to experience
every profession which helps us a lot if
we need to play a character that has a
completely different profession, which
actually happens frequently.
Let’s talk about your career a bit. Has
the experience gained from serving in
the armed forces been helpful in play-
ing any of the roles?
I have played a role of a soldier twice.
It happened for the first time in my first
professional performance where I was
playing a soldier. That was three years
after serving in the military when I was
in the third year of my university stud-
ies. That role for me was the first pro-
fessional and the first major role. In this
play, the soldier had lost his battalion
and was left on his own, with nowhere
to go further in his life. Something like
“survivor”. The external evaluation of the
critics was that the role in the uniform
suited me, and I got great comments for
handling the weapons, too. The military
service helped that look quite authentic.
The second experience was in the movie
“Dust” by Milcho Manchevski, where we
played in a brutal scene with many mur-
ders, and we had only one hour to shoot
the scene. I remember that there was
a specialist in weapons from the ARM,
who was supposed to show me how
to handle weapons. I asked him first if
I could show him what I could do with
weapons. He was really surprised and
pleased by the manner I handled the
weapons. I had, I would say, good timing
for disassembling the gun. But because
of that, Manchevski reacted that the film
does not require a good soldier, but rath-
er a cowardly one.
Have you, in your past career, played
some of the famous military leaders,
and who do you wish to bring to life on
stage?
So far, except for a soldier, I haven’t
played another military person. I haven’t
been thinking a lot about that. Anyway,
it is very difficult to play such a character
on stage.
Zdravko Rizovski /
Ivan Petrushevski

Execution of Military Health Priorities
On January 12, the Min-
ister of Defence, Zoran
Konjanovski, visited the
Military Medical Centre lo-
cated in the former Military Hos-
pital in Skopje. The Minister held
a working meeting with the new
Military Medical Centre execu-
tive, Colonel Andreja Naumovs-
ki, the director of the civilian part
of the former Military Hospital,
Colonel Sasho Stojchevski, and
with a part of the management
in these institutions. During the
meeting they discussed the
reached level of transformation
of the former Military Hospital,
as well as the completion of pri-
orities in the military health for
the current year.
After the meeting, the Minister
made an announcement for the
public in which, among other, he
stated: “Today we had a useful
working meeting. We reached
an agreement regarding the
work principles and the opera-
tion in 2010. On the subject of
the Military Medical Centre, we
will face new challenges that
stand before the Ministry of De-
fence. We have to attend to the
partnership goal 4244 for estab-
lishing a ROLE-2 medical protec-
tion level, and in that context,
in accordance with the Army
Service Law, through the active
reserve we will establish one re-
serve medical team on a state
level, for as many rotations as
needed. That will be one of the
priorities in the military health
for 2010. At the same time, the
cooperation with the Ministry of
Defence of Norway continues;
we will accept the donation of
the light manoeuvre field hospi-
tal, after which we will provide
an appropriate training for the
personnel that will work there,
in order to be capable to fulfil
tasks outside the Republic of
Macedonia. The third issue we
discussed was to launch the
Regional Centre for Medical
Personnel Training in the near
future, which, as we believe, is
an excellent opportunity for pro-
moting the Ministry of Defence
and the Military Health Centre
on a regional level. We will func-
tion as two separate subjects,
however, we are prepared to
assist each other in order to
meet the demands of those we
exist for – the citizens, i.e. the
patients.”
2
Protection and
Promotion of the
Military Environment
On January 26 the Minister of
Defence, Zoran Konjanovski,
had a meeting in the Ministry
of Defence with the Minister of
Environment and Physical Plan-
Info
ning, Nexhati Jakupi.
The topic of discussion on the
meeting was the continuation
of the successful cooperation
in the field of protection and
promotion of the military envi-
ronment, particularly regarding
activities for the project: “The
Analysis of the Environmen-
tal Impact Assessment on the
Military Range ‘Krivolak’ and its
Management”.
The Minister of Defence, among
other things, emphasised that
the scientific study prepared as
part of the Project will to a great
extent facilitate the promotion
of the Military Range “Krivolak”
as a Regional Training Centre,
and that the directions for pro-
spective management of the
training area derived from the
above-mentioned will be fol-
lowed and improved, among
other things, by environmental
monitoring.
3
Elizabeta Tashkovska
EAPMS/CS Meeting
An ARM delegation led by the
Chief of the General Staff of the
ARM, Lieutenant General Miro-
slav Stojanovski, participated
on the Euro-Atlantic Partnership
Military Committee in Chiefs-Of-
Staff (EAPMC/CS), which was
held on January 26 and 27 in
NATO HQs in Brussels.
The main topic of discussion
during the meeting of the Army
leaders from NATO and the PfP
members was the analysis of
the conditions in Kosovo and Af-
ghanistan and the participation
in the KFOR and ISAF missions
as the largest operations where
NATO and PfP member armies
participate.
At the meeting, the Alliance
once more directed its atten-
tion to the contribution of the
PfP member armies in NATO-
led operations, and looked into
the lessons learned that have a
direct influence on the training
and preparation of the units for
a successful conduct of the mis-
sions.
4
Noble Remembrance
of the Fallen Heroes
On the occasion of marking the
two years of the helicopter ac-
cident in which eleven members
of the ARM Air WING tragically
lost their lives, a ceremony was
held on January 12, by which dig-
nified respect was paid to the
fallen heroes. On that occasion,
delegations from the Ministry
of Defence, President of the
Republic of Macedonia, Joint
Operations Command of ARM,
ARM Air WING, Special Opera-
tions Regiment of the ARM, the
11

Mayor of the municipality of
Petrovec, as well as members
from the families of the fallen
peacekeepers paid respect and
laid wreaths of fresh flowers
on the memorials before the
Air WING Command and on the
location of the tragic helicopter
accident at Katlanovsko Blace.
The Minister of Defence, Zoran
Konjanovski, gave a public an-
nouncement, in which he em-
phasised: “I personally and on
the behalf of the Ministry of
Defence, together with the
Chief of the GS of the ARM, we
came to pay our respect to the
heroes - our peacekeepers who
were on a peace mission in Bos-
nia and Herzegovina, who came
to their fatherland, returned to
the Republic of Macedonia, but
never reached the doorstep of
their homes. Tragically, the ac-
cident prevented them in this.
We witness that the pain will
never fade away. The Ministry
of Defence and the Army of the
Republic of Macedonia will give
their best to discover the truth
and to find the reasons for the
helicopter accident, and we will
continue with the aid for the
families as much as we can.”
On January 12, 2008, return-
ing home after the successfully
completed mission ALTHEA in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, the
following persons tragically lost
their lives: Lieutenant Colonel
Toni Spasovski, Major Goran
Ristovski, Captains Brane Spa-
sovski and Igor Gjoreski, Mas-
ter Sergeants Slavcho Vasilev
and Toni Davitkovski, Staff
Sergeants Janko Shiric, Miki
Ivanovski, Aleksandar Taskovski
and Aleksandar Vasic and Cor-
poral Zlatko Veljanovski.
5
New Year’s Reception
for the Children
of ARM Members
On December 28 in the Army
Home in Skopje, a New Year’s
reception was held for the chil-
dren of the fallen ARM mem-
bers from the military conflict in
2001, the children of the fallen
12
Macedonian peacekeepers from
the helicopter accident in 2008,
the children of the ARM mem-
bers who were killed on official
duty, as well as the children of
the ARM members who are cur-
rently on peace missions out-
side Macedonia.
The President and Commander
in Chief of the Armed Forces
of the Republic of Macedonia,
Gjorge Ivanov, and the Minister
of Defence, Zoran Konjanovski
attended the reception.
“I remember that when I was a
child, the holidays were the hap-
piest moments for me. May you
have good health, happiness
and welfare. May you grow in
peace and prosperity an rejoice
life in the new 2010,” said the
Minister of Defence, Zoran Kon-
janovski to the children of the
ARM members.
“It is our obligation to eternally
remember and pay respect to
all the Macedonian heroes that
gave their lives for their country
– the Republic of Macedonia.
Their deeds will permanently
remain embossed in the latest
Macedonian history. These are
moments when we should be
with you and share the joy of
New Year’s and Christmas holi-
days. Respect your parents and
their heroic deeds because you
are their pride”, emphasised in
his speech, among other things,
the President of the country
and Commander in Chief of the
ARM, Gjorgje Ivanov.
To the pleasure of the young-
est - the children, the event was
enriched with the play “Santa
Claus, Piggy, Donkey and Icicle”,
played by actors from the ART
Theatre “Veni, vidi”.
After the play was over, Santa
Claus gave children New Year’s
presents.
7
Meeting with Former
Chiefs of GS of the
ARM and Retired ARM
Generals
On December 24, in the prem-
ises of the General Staff of the
ARM, the Chief of General Staff
of the ARM, Lieutenant Gen-
eral Miroslav Stojanovski, held a
meeting with the former Chiefs
of GS of the ARM and retired
ARM generals on the occasion
of the forthcoming New Year’s
and Christmas holidays, attend-
ed by the Minister of Defence,
Zoran Konjanovski.
During the meeting the Chief of
GS of the ARM informed the re-
tired generals about the degree
of achieved reforms in the de-
fence, the transformation of the
ARM, the participation in mis-
sions abroad, the current status
of the units, the accomplished
plans and achieved results in the
last year, as well as the plans
and challenges of the ARM in
the forthcoming year.
The meeting of the Chief of GS
of the ARM with the retired
ARM generals has traditionally
being realized in the previous
years in the eve of the New
Year’s holidays.
8
New Year’s Reception
The end of the year is a period
for analyzing what has been
done, and at the same time, pe-
riod for drawing conclusions on
how to improve the efficiency in
the forthcoming year.
A New Year’s reception with a
presentation was organized in
the Command of the Second
Mechanized Infantry Brigade
of ARM, for the members of
the local self-government units,
governmental and nongovern-
mental organizations and insti-
tutions in the unit’s area of re-
sponsibility.
The reception program included
a reception with the Brigade’s
Commander, Colonel Metodija
Velichkovski, presentation of the
unit’s status with an emphasis
on the civil-military relations and
the unit’s contribution to the
peace support operations, visit-
ing the Command’s premises
and a New Year’s cocktail.
The guests followed the pre-
sentation with great attention,
and its purpose was to famil-
iarize them with the numerous
possibilities for cooperation
with ARM units. After the pre-
sentation, the Brigade’s Com-
mander awarded certificates of
acknowledgment to the civilian
structures representatives with
which the unit had a productive
cooperation. It was hard to de-
cide which institutions will be
awarded with certificates. This
year certificates were awarded
to: REK “Oslomej Kichevo”, ele-
mentary school “Hristo Uzunov”
from the village of Drugovo, and
the Veterans Association from
Kichevo. In its speech, the repre-
sentative from the elementary
school “Hristo Uzunov” from the
village of Drugovo expressed his
gratitude to the Brigade’s Com-
mand, and emphasised that the
cooperation with the unit will
continue and new forms of co-
operation will be introduced.
That was not the end of the New
Year’s reception. The guests vis-
ited the Command’s premises,
and they had the opportunity
to see the picture decorations
on the walls, resulting from the
cooperation with the schools
in the unit’s area of responsibil-
ity. The visit ended with a New
Year’s cocktail organized in the
Command’s classroom. During
the cocktail, the guests had an
opportunity to see a slide show
presenting a part of the unit’s
activities realized in 2009.
Mice Koteski
9
With the ARM “Scorpions”
Dynamic, Productive and
Successful Cooperation
The meeting of the partners
from the civilian structures with
the Commander of the First
Mechanized Infantry Brigade is
a traditional annual activity. The
continuation of the success and
given support in the field of civil-
military cooperation with civilian
structures in the area of responsi-
bility, which in the past period was
dynamic, fruitful and successful,
speaks for itself about the impor-
tance of this cooperation.
The First Mechanized Infantry
Brigade under the command of
Brigadier General Dimche Petro-
vski is characterized by a high
level of training, discipline, orga-
nization of work, vocational-pro-
fessional competence, the suc-
cessful presentation of the unit
and the Army with the participa-
tion in multinational exercises
and peacekeeping missions led
by NATO and PfP, participation
in disaster relief operations, as
well as providing support for the
civilian structures according to
its opportunities and resources.
These are the most significant
parameters of the required
standards for building a small,
mobile and modern unit.
In addition to the civilian repre-
sentatives, the ceremony was
attended by Deputy Chief of the
General Staff of the Army, Gen-
eral Major Naser Sejdini, Com-
mander of the Joint Operations
Command, General Major Zoran
Dimov, Deputy Commander of
the Joint Operations Command,
Brigadier General Kiro Galazovski
and other high guests from ARM.
The civilian representatives
awarded the “Scorpions” many
certificates of acknowledge-
ment for the successful civil-
military cooperation and the
unit’s assistance. The “Golden
Plaque” is the 6th of November
annual award given to the most
successful individuals, local in-
stitutions, public enterprises,
private enterprises and other
organizations in the municipality
of Radovish, for their contribu-
tion in the activities and imple-
mentation of planned projects
that contribute to improving the
overall situation in the munici-
pality. This prize was awarded
to the brigade by the Mayor of
the municipality of Radovish, Mr.
Robert Velkov, and accepted by
the Deputy Commander, Colo-
nel Zoran Djambaski.
At the end of the meeting, the
Commander of the First Mecha-
nized Infantry Brigade, Briga-
dier General Dimche Petrovski,
awarded certificates of appreci-
ation for the successful civil-mili-
tary cooperation in 2009 to: the
local self-government in Shtip,
the N.U. Institute for Protection
of Monuments and Culture, the
Museum of the Town of Shtip,
the Fire-Fighting Unit from
Shtip, and the local media - TV
“Iris” and TV “Star” from Shtip.
The noble Latin words “Honor
et fortitude” are with a good
reason written on the emblem
of Macedonian “Scorpions”. The
success follows our “Scorpions”,
since “Honour and Strength” are
always with them.
Zoran Janakievski
10
Santa Claus Arrived
on a Helicopter
On December 26, 2009, the
first Santa Claus arrived in
Macedonia, on a military helicop-
ter. The excited children were
waving their hands, greeting
the helicopter and calling Santa,
who greeted all of them, and af-
terwards circled another round
with the helicopter, increasing
their desire and expectation.
With a leap from the helicopter,
Santa found himself surrounded
by many children. They immedi-
ately started touching his long
white beard and moustache,
asking what kind of presents he
has for them and how big their
New Year’s presents are; they
presumed that some of the
presents must be very big and
heavy, because Santa needed a
helicopter to bring them.
With red cheeks and sparkle
in their eyes, the children were
thrilled by the big helicopter
that brought Santa, as well as
by the strength of its vanes
which spun and produced a very
strong wind which the children
felt, surprised by the helicopter’s
strength and power.
One by one, every kid sat in San-
ta’s lap to be photographed with
everyone’s favourite old man
dressed in red, and all of them re-
ceived their presents. Their faces
were showing their happiness.
This ceremony, which was held
in the military section of the air-
port “Alexander the Great”, in
the “Strasho Pindjur” Barracks in
Petrovec, Skopje, turned into a
tradition that is organized every
year by the ARM Air WING and
the Autonomous Union of De-
fence Employees. New Year’s
packages were given to the
children of the fallen members
of the ARM Air WING, children
of the employees from this unit,
and for the first time this year
packages were given to several
blind children from the Home for
Blind Persons in the municipality
of Kisela Voda, Skopje.
Satisfied, overjoyed with the
New Year’s atmosphere and
with a big smile on their faces,
the children went back home.
This event will always remain in
their memories.
Biljana Stevcevska
11
The First Macedonian
Pilot Training in Croatia
The quality of the personnel
who completed their education
in the Republic of Macedonia is
undisputable. Namely, the Army
of the Republic of Macedonia
can be proud with the large
number of members who man-
aged to demonstrate and prove
their acquired skills and knowl-
edge outside of Macedonia.
One of them is Lieutenant Rob-
ert Mitrovski, who after achiev-
ing excellent results during the
training for the airplane type
“ZLIN 242 L”, was sent to a fur-
ther training for flying helicopter
type “Bell 206” in the Croatian
Air Force and Air Defence.
Lieutenant Mitrovski is the first
Macedonian pilot to be educat-
ed in Croatia, who completed
the full flying training for the
abovementioned helicopter last
December; currently, he is at-
tending a specialized course for
a flying instructor, which ends in
July this year.
Lieutenant Mitrovski, after gradu-
ating from the Military Academy
in Skopje, department of aviation,
started working in the Air WING
in 2004 as a pilot in the Second
Flight, Combat Helicopter Squad-
ron in the Joint Operations Com-
mand in GS, ARM, where he com-
pleted the training for the airplane
type “ZLIN 242 L”.
12
From the Activities of the
Training Command
First Non-Commissioned
Company Officer Course
The Course for First Non-Com-
missioned Officer in a Company
for the first time was success-
fully organized and completed
by the Training Command, from
December 1 to December 22,
2009, with 19 attendants. The
plan and program for this course
was designed in the Training
Command, and it arises from
the necessity of personnel for
the positions of first non-com-
missioned officers in a company.
The course lecturers were in-
structors from the Training Com-
mand, including the Chief Non-
Commissioned Officer from the
Training Command.
Within the course, the atten-
dants learned about the place,
role and duties of the first non-
commissioned officers. Follow-
ing topics were also taught on
the course: leadership skills,
communications and training
management.
In fact, this is the highest level of
education for non-commissioned
officers in accordance with the
Concept for Development of
Non-Commissioned Officers. Af­
ter the successful completion
of the course, the non-commis-
sioned officers are fully compat-
ible with the NATO standards,
and acquired the necessary
leadership skills, knowledge and
abilities, which is an especially
important category in the ARM;
that will help them become
successful performers of the
upcoming missions in their units.
Working Visits
Three official working visits by
foreign delegations were com-
13

pleted in the Training Command
in the past period.
The first visit was a delegation
from the Peace Operations
Training Centre from Sarajevo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, led
by the Centre Commander,
the Brigadier General Michael
Lollesgaard. Also, a delegation
from Hungary paid a visit, led by
the Commander of the Military
Training Centre “Bakony”. The
third visit to the Training Com-
mand by a foreign delegation
was the delegation from Mon-
tenegro.
Colonel Ljupcho Kostovski,
Commander of the Training
Command, was the host of
these visits. He introduced the
delegations with the mission of
the Training Command, the cur-
rent and prospective organiza-
tional and formational structure,
execution of the courses and
seminars in the current and up-
coming year. The visitors were
particularly interested in the
observation of the construction
and development of the infra-
structure of the military range
“Krivolak” as a Regional Training
Centre.
The purpose of the military del-
egations working visits was
to promote friendship and
exchange the acquired experi-
ences regarding the Training
Centre’s activities. Within the
frameworks of these visits the
guests visited the archaeo-
logical site “Stobi”, located near
“Krivolak”.
Ceremonious
Training Ending
The training of soldiers at the
Individual Training Centre within
the Training Command for the
ninth generation of voluntary
army service was ceremoniously
marked on January 11. Lieuten-
ant Colonel Trajancho Petrovski,
Commander of the Individual
Training Centre, was the Com-
mander of the ceremony, and
guests were the Commander of
the Training Command, Colonel
Ljupcho Kostovski and his Depu-
ty, Colonel Toni Poposki, as well
as the Mayor of municipality of
Veles, Mr. Goran Petrov.
14
During the tree months training
approximately 200 soldiers, out
of whom 20 girls achieved very
good results. The practical part
of the training was realized on
the ranges in the barracks, as
well as on ARM terrains in the
surroundings of Veles. During
the training, priority was given
to the practical part for weap-
ons handling and tactical com-
bat behaviour.
On that occasion, in its speech,
Lieutenant Colonel Trajancho
Petrovski said, among other
things: “I express my belief that
you, as previous generations
did, will join our professional
Army in a large number.”
At the ceremonious ending,
words of encouragement for
the rewarded and lauded sol-
diers, as well as for the part of
the officers from the Centre
were read.
13
Slavica Nikolovska
Scientific Advancement
in the Field of Public
Health
On January 11 the Chief of the
Hygienic-Chemical Department
in the Preventive Medicine Cen-
tre at the Military Medical Centre
in GS, ARM, Lieutenant Colonel
Dr. Branko Karovski, defended
his Master’s Thesis on the
topic: “Defining and Managing
Environmental Health Risks in
the Treatment of Urban Waste-
waters and their Safe Use for
Irrigation in Agriculture in the
Republic of Macedonia”. Thus
Dr. Karovski, otherwise special-
ist in hygiene and environmental
health, obtained a scientific de-
gree Master of Medical Science
in the field of hygiene and envi-
ronmental health.
The presentation of the thesis
was held in the Deanery of the
Medical Faculty in Skopje, be-
fore a committee consisting of
three members: Prof. Dr. Dragan
Gjorgjev – President, from the
Public Health Institute, Prof. Dr.
Jovanka Karadjinska Bislimovska
– member, from the Occupation-
al Health Service Institute – col-
laborative centre of WHO, and
Prof. Dr. Pavle Filjanski – mem-
ber and mentor, from the Pub-
lic Health Institute. In the final
speech after the presentation of
the thesis, the members empha-
sised the special significance of
the research and analysis made
for the purpose of the thesis, as
well as the significance of the us-
age of treated and cleaned urban
wastewaters, especially with re-
gards to the general problem of
the humanity with the increasing
deficiency of clean water and
the emphasised European stan-
dards for production of healthy
food, among which the HACCAP
requirements as one of the more
significant ones, because by pro-
ducing healthy and ecological
food from the field to the table
people can protect their health
and will contribute to a better
functioning of the society.
Elizabeta Tashkovska
14
From the activities of ORORM
Promoter of Euro
Atlantic Values
During the working part of the
Session of the Assembly of Of-
ficers in the Reserve Organiza-
tion of the Republic of Macedo-
nia (ОRОRМ), held in Radovish,
several important documents
were adopted, among which:
Report on Activities of the As-
sembly of ОRОRМ and its Or-
gans and Bodies in 2009; Work-
ing Program for 2010; Decision
on Amending the Statute of
ОRОRМ, as well as Decision on
Abolishing Eight Municipal Orga-
nizational Units.
Presidents of the municipal or-
ganizational units took participa-
tion in the activities of the high-
est organ of this Association, as
well as great number of guests:
Deputy Minister of Defence, Emil
Dimitriev; Deputy Chief of the
GS of the ARM, General major
Naser Sejdini; aid de champ of
the Supreme Commander of
ARM, Brigadier General Goran-
cho Kotevski; Commander of the
First Mechanized Infantry Bri-
gade, Brigadier General Dimche
Petrovski; Chief of Staff of the
Joint Operations Command, Col-
onel Stojan Dimchov; Command-
er of the Training Command,
Colonel Ljupcho Kostovski; Dean
of the Military Academy, Colonel
Professor Doctor Rose Smileski;
representative of the Crisis Man-
agement Centre, Dushko Petro-
vski, as well as Mayors of the
municipalities of Radovish, Staro
Nagorichane, Konche and Vinica.
At the beginning, the Mayor
of the Municipality of Radov-
ish, Robert Velkov, welcomed
the attendants wishing them
a successful work, after which
the Deputy Minister of Defence,
Emil Dimitriev, welcomed the
attendants on the behalf of
MOD, and emphasised the sig-
nificance of the ОRОRМ activi-
ties in view of strengthening the
defence system of the Republic
of Macedonia.
The participants and the guests
of the Assembly followed the
letter of welcome from the Presi-
dent and Supreme Commander
of ARM, Gjorgje Ivanov, with a
special attention; in the letter,
among other things, the follow-
ing was stated: “The Officers in
the Reserve Organization is an
example of modern acting as pro-
moter of Euro-Atlantic values and
contemporary perceiving of the
armed forces’ role in the society”.
The President of ОRОRМ, Pro-
fessor Gjorgji Malkovski gave
a speech of welcome after the
abovementioned documents
were adopted. He pointed out
that the planned activities of the
Organization for 2009 were suc-
cessfully achieved. He put em-
phasis on several of the concrete
tasks and activities as more
significant: strengthening of the
condition regarding organization
and personnel; recording of more
than 10.000 members; delivering
4500 membership cards; consol-
idating the financial state; results
achieved in the applied part of
the training (three state compe-
titions, gun shooting and great
number of stamina marches), in
which mainly young officers took
part.
Prof. Dr. Trajche Manev, MSc
Dushan Madjoski, Rozeta Ra-
dojnichic and Dr. Dragi Jovevski
had constructive and productive
discussions at the session, ad-
dressing current issues.
During the ceremonial part of
the session, the MOD represen-
tative in the Assembly and in
the ОRОRМ Executive Board,
Lieutenant Colonel Zlatko Kuz-
manov, launched the Proceed-
ings of the Panel on the follow-
ing topic: “Strategy for a Further
Development of ОRОRМ in
Accordance with NATO Policy
for Officers in the Reserve”. The
Vice President of ОRОRМ, MSc
Riste Petkov, launched the first
issue of the “Officer”, publica-
tion of the Officers in the Re-
serve Organization.
Zhivko Trajanovski

Space Militarization - II
HAT AFTER THE COLD WAR?
The disintegration of the power-
ful USSSR was “royal flush” in-
formation for the USA. The USA
was the only country on the top
of all countries, as the wealthiest and
technologically most superior country.
Anyway, the story is completely dif-
ferent in terms of space domination.
From scratch, but with the speed of
light other countries like China, India,
Japan; and even the European Union
started their development and became
world centers of power. Although the
disoriented Soviet forces were consid-
ered totally dysfunctional, the estab-
lishment of the Russian Armed Forces
created the so called “Russian Space
Forces” (in 1992), which after several
transformations were reorganized in
the same way again in 2001.
The new development in the area
called “space militarization” divides in
three branches.
1. Permanent development of spy
satellites, which meet a big number
of needs – extremely high resolution
photographing (IMINT), communica-
tion bugging (SIGINT), as well as hid-
den communication (HUMINT). These
satellites are also used for detection of
nuclear explosions as a result of nucle-
ar tests conducted on the ground sur-
face. Incident “Vela” is worth mention-
ing, when a nuclear explosion detection
satellite detected a nuclear explosion
in the Indian Ocean in 1978, which was
FIRE
IN THE SKY
“It’s politically sensitive,
but it’s going to happen…
some people don’t want
to hear this, and it
sure isn’t in vogue, but -
absolutely - WE’RE GOING
TO FIGHT IN SPACE. We
will engage terrestrial
targets someday—ships,
airplanes, land targets—
from space”
Joseph Ashy,
Commander in Chief of the US
Strategic Command
(1994 – 1996)
believed to be a consequence of the
South African nuclear bomb explosion.
These satellites were used in the op-
eration “Desert Storm” as warnings for
launching of the Iraqi SCUD missiles to
Israel.
2. The extensive use of GPS (Global
Positioning System) is considered an
element of space militarization. The US
Army relays on “NAVSTAR GPS”, char-
acterized with a high accuracy object
position regarding on Earth or in the
Earth’s orbit. This system works with
the help of 24 satellites stationed in
the Earth’s orbit directly controlled by
the US Department of Defence. Apart
from the basic use of these satellites-
accurate positioning, they are also
used for “smart” bomb and cruise mis-
sile guidance. It should be also stressed
that these satellites are equipped with
a nuclear detonation detection system.
The frequent announcement for admin-
istrative control over the use of the
GPS by the civilians, after 2001, made
Europe claim it is going to use the
so-called Galileo system (usable after
2013) while Russia on the other hand
already uses its own GLONASS.
3. The third element is based on the
new US Department of Defence doc-
trine, called network-centric warfare.
The main hypothesis of this doctrine
is a robust net which maximizes the
information transmission that leads to
information quality improvement and
full awareness about the current situ-
15
 ation, which on the other hand
is a condition for accomplishing
the final goal – better interac-
tion, self synchronization and
maximum mission efficiency.
In reality, this doctrine enables
the war zone communication
of the soldier with the satel-
lite’s camera in the orbit, thus
photographing enemy positions
around him, and if necessary,
sending their coordinates by
mail to the bombers or carriers.
This is all shown on the screen in
front of the mission commander
who can be miles away from the
battle field. This could be done
by a communications satellites
combination which will create
full information net above a cer-
tain area.
CHINESE TIGAR
When we speak about the pro-
cess of space invasion, after the
end of the Cold War, we would
not have a complete analysis if
the space invasion of China, the
biggest population country is not
mentioned. Although the current
Chinese position is not different
from its former position – total
ban of space use in military pur-
poses, it is more than obvious
that it could be considered a se-
rious USA space opponent. The
power that China clearly demon-
strated, destroying part of its
satellites with a medium range
ballistic missile, made it a seri-
ous candidate among the coun-
tries for space invasion. This is
very similar to 1980s when the
same was done by the USA
and the former USSR. However,
what remains the biggest worry
is the fact that China remained
closed in revealing information
regarding its planned actions
in this respect. Others, on the
other hand, think that this suc-
cessful ballistic trial was a total
Chinese hypocrisy, advocating
openly a ban on space milita-
rization. The Chinese and USA
relationship in terms of militari-
zation could very easily be com-
pared to a mouse and cat rela-
tionship. Here is the explanation
why. The Chinese “provocation”
could be characterized as an an-
swer to the statements given
by former US President Bush on
American space domination, on
one hand, and the global agree-
ment for weapons ban in space,
on the other hand. This came
as a reaction to the increased
Chinese interest in stepping
into the big vacuum. When this
becomes stabile, the final result
is very simple – actions to dis-
courage the enemy in following
its policy for space militarization
could lead to this.
To conclude, the USA should not
16
worry in the near future because
it is still more powerful than
China. The worries should be
directed towards the long term
actions and certain steps should
be taken (the American-Indian
friendship and cooperation),
because the aim for economic
development of the Chinese
authorities should be taken into
consideration. A big amount
of Chinese budget is allocated
to the army budget, which al-
though mostly used for mod-
ernization, is spent on Chinese
space activities.
THE FIRST “SPACE” WAR
The main characteristic of Oper-
ation “Desert Storm” (1991) was
the extensive usage of infor-
mation gathered by the space
installation in war time, and is
considered to be the first “space
war”. In 1991, all space installa-
tions were used for the first time
in getting tactical advantage
over the enemy. This was vividly
demonstrated with the “Patriot”
interceptors against the mis-
sile SCUD system. The obvious
tactical advantage when having
developed space systems gave
importance to the Strategic De-
fence Initiative as well as the de-
cision of the American Congress
for installation of large Earth
systems, which on the other
hand breaches the 1972 agree-
ment for ABM missile system
restriction.
What is the significance of this
operation for future warfare?
Certain politicians compare this
warfare with the introduction of
the armoured vehicles in World
War II or the introduction of the
machinegun in World War I. They
even go further in comparing the
use of gun powder in military
purposes with modern warfare.
Others have a completely differ-
ent opinion about achieving the
final goal. According to the sec-
 SPY SATELLITE LIST
USA
Lacrosse/Onyx, Misty/Zirconic, Samos, Quasar, Vela
USSR
Cosmos, Almaz, Yantar, Zenit
GREAT BRITAIN
Zircon (canceled), Skynet
FRANCE
Helios 1B (destroyed), Helios 2A
GERMANY
SAR Lupe 1-5
ITALY
COSMO SkyMed
CHINA
Fanhui Shi Weixing
INDIA
Technology experiment satellite
ond group of annalists the victory of the
coalition forces is not a result of space
superiority, but a result of political and
military incompetence of Iraqi officials.
The weak moral of the Iraqi Army and
the minor efficiency of the SCUD sys-
tem are one of these qualifications.
The so-called third perspective of the
Gulf War which is placed between the
previously established two. The basis
of this perspective is the fact that the
technological “input” of the space sys-
tems warfare could easily be identified,
in comparison to the prediction of the
increased “output” as a result of the
use of these systems. In reality this
is expressed as followed: the number
of used satellites could be easily pre-
dicted (as well as the GPS-navigation
receivers), but it is very difficult to pre-
dict how big the influence in the usage
of these satellites was upon a certain
decision regarding a military operation
(the existence of Earth systems which
give the same or similar data should
be taken into consideration). The final,
fourth position, shows that certain
conclusions from the extensive use of
space installations have to be drawn,
despite the fact that, as I have previ-
ously mentioned, the true progress is
difficult to measure.
LAW AND ORDER
The current legal framework is primarily
based on using space for peace time
goals and for improving the life of the
entire civilization.
The Outer Space Treaty (1967) has a ma-
jor importance and consists of several
basic principles:
– Exploring and using space for the ben-
efits of the human race;
– Complete openness of all nations in
using space;
– Outer space could not be a subject for
expressing somebody’s sovereignty;
– A prohibition for installation of nuclear
weapons and weapons of mass de-
struction in the orbit or on any space
objects or stations;
– The moon, as the sole Earth’s natural
satellite could be only used for peace
time goals;
– All countries are responsible for
their activities in space; regardless
of whether they are conducted by a
governmental or non-governmental
institution.
This agreement was signed by the USA,
Great Britain, the USSR and additional
120 other countries.
At the end of 2000, the General Assem-
bly voted the resolution known as “Pre-
vention of an arms race in outer space”
with 163 votes “for”, 0 votes “against”
and 3 “abstain” – Micronesia, Israel and
USA. The way the USA voted for this
resolution highlights the traced direc-
tion regarding its space program.
NEW WINDS
The administration of former US
president George Bush senior clearly
showed the world that they are aim-
ing towards space militarization. In the
Final Report to the President on the
US Space Program published by Bush
Administration, the US “space control”
is clearly stated. Here are the few ba-
sic facts- during the report preparation
six nations had the technological pos-
sibility for launching satellites in Earth’s
orbit (EU-1), a number which could be
doubled in a short time according to
the report (today more than 50 coun-
tries have their own satellites in the
orbit). In this case, space domination
is the only choice, bearing in mind the
fact that the USA can not allow hostile
observation satellites to over fly USA
territory” (final report), although the
main reason for satellites installation
was the territorial sovereignty bypass
of the countries and them being ob-
served from space.
The intention to dominate the space is
not limited only to domination with spy-
monitoring satellites, but by using weap-
ons, which will lead to real space domi-
nation over the fourth warfare arena
– space (other three are: land, water; air).
Another issue altogether is what this
plan will bring to the global scene. The
most probable scenario is that it will
lead to a new armament race, however
due to previously described facts this
race will not be bipolar. Some addition-
al key players like the EU, China, India,
Japan, and even Canada will take part
in this race. Still, the financial power
of each of these countries is another
topic of discussion.
Ivan Petrushevski
17
 KALASHNIKOV
THE STORY ABOUT MODEL M-95
he family of automatic rifles, ture, especially for a professional rifle, but the machine gun and au-
Kalashnikov, is large and wide- army such as the ARM today. tomatic gun with 5.56 caliber as
spread throughout the world. well. Due to personal participation
“Members” of this large family TESTING in these tests, the readers have a
are often out of both military The automatic rifle M-95A is made rare opportunity to get acquainted
stores and regular armies. There in the factory “Red Zastava”, but 1. model м-72 with some of the history of this
are countless examples in the its roots date back from the fed- rifle.
world where “derivatives” of the eral army. Namely, one of shooting 2. the defer- During the testing, the gun was
AK-47 with 7.62 caliber or 5.45 ranges in the Sarajevo area, during ence be- left for a few days without being
mm were used by various terrorist the period from May to August tween 5.56 cleaned after firing, then it was
groups, but the freedom fighters 1991, a committee of three senior and 7.62 can re-used and did not show any
as well. Many armies in the world officers (colonels) of YNA moni- be seen in weakness. Tests included firing
use this rifle with little changes, tored the testing of the automatic the front under slope, and marksmanship
improved, adapted to their needs, rifle, but this time with 5.56 caliber. part of the aimed at targets uphill and vice
but basically (and a little more than The testing was carried out by se- gun versa. In a certain time determined
the base) it is still a well recogniz- lected soldiers, including a mem- 3. the back in advance (they were given one
able design and construction of ber from Macedonia, who person- part of the minute), the marksmen shot at tar-
the AK-47. ally participated in the testing, but CLIP gets at different distances. Each
One automatic rifle that is also in not only to the new automatic marksman had approximately five
use in our army is the model M-95
with a 5.56 mm caliber. One part of
the ARM uses this rifle which with
its caliber (using 5.56 mm NATO-
standard ammunition), opened
a new page in the Macedonian
military history. Accepting this cali-
ber, the unit that uses this rifle to
chart the road to NATO standards,
at first by probably accepting the
standard bullet that is used in the
Alliance to which we strive. This
weapon is manufactured with a
more sustainable, chrome barrel,
something that could not meet
the standard M70 (A, B or AB-2
models) produced by “Zavodite” in
Kragujevac. This brings a new mo-
ment - all weapons should have
a satisfactory quality of manufac-

18
pieces of weapons that were given to – It uses the NATO-standard 5.56 mm In this model, the grenade sight is not in-
them for testing. caliber bullet, 5:56 mm x 45 mm SS 109 tegrated, but it is assembled separately.
In addition to testing the bullet, in the (or M193) respectively; It can fire cumulative grenade launcher
new caliber for the YNA, the gun was – starting speed of the bullet is 915 me- TKM-M60 and scatter mines and TTM-
tested with a training grenade launcher ters per second M-61.
as well, afterwards with an impact and Feeding: two row magazine with a capac-
cumulative grenade launcher. ity of 30 rounds THE FUTURE OF THE MODEL
They fired with the gun in daytime and Combat kit: 5 frames The model M95-A is still in use in the ARM.
nighttime conditions using a passive night The barrel is with 6 grooves to the right The rifle is praised by those who have
sight that the YNA used at that time (PN in a coil of 177.8 mm (1 / 7, according to used it. The modern way of warfare and
5x80). They used original US imported NATO) the lessons learned from various conflicts
ammunitions 5.56 x 45 mm. (.223 caliber) * This means that the bullet passes a suggest the need for modern platforms
Results are as follows: the rifle showed distance of 177.8 mm in one rotation that support setting grenade launcher
excellent precision and persistence. With around its axis. sights, laser pointers, tactical lights, and
minimal maintenance, sometimes even Firing Speed other devices that this rifle cannot carry
for several days without cleaning, the rifle – 120 rounds per minute - practical speed because of lack of Pikatini mounting rim.
functioned excellently. – 600 rounds per minute - theoretical This model, like all models in the time
speed produced by the former Yugoslav factory
M-95 in the ARM
This model is not massively represented,
but still used. Those who use this rifle
have a positive opinion about it. As a piece
of wood and metal, it is worth as much
as any other, but as a “tool” it is worth
much more in the hands of professionals.
M-95 has an honorable place in the mod-
ern Macedonian military history. From the
time the ARM had no aircrafts, armored
vehicles and other means now in posses-
sion of new units, when it only had brave
soldiers and their rifles, including M-95.
The ARM personnel were frequently re-
located from one unit to another. They
wanted to keep their M-95 rifle, or at least
be charged with the same model.
As a model, the M-95 was used in all situ-
ations that had to be solved with the use
of firearms. It was used in the defense of
national borders and to defend the sov-
ereignty and integrity of the Republic of
Macedonia, where it showed excellent
performance and persistence in real com-
bat conditions. In addition to the tests
made before its production, it was tested
in combat, by which it fully justified the ex-
pectations of the final user.
Asides to the use on the territory of the
Republic of Macedonia, this model was
used and is still used in the ARM missions
in Iraq and Afghanistan.
RIFLE DATA
This rifle, is designed to disable live enemy
force with a bullet or discharge of an anti-
personnel grenade in the open or unpro-
tected shelters (e.g. trenches and machine-
gun nests), and the protected, i.e. armored
targets - with a cumulative grenade launch-
er (TTM-M60 and M60P1 TKM and M-60).
In order to illuminate the battle field, it
launches an illuminating grenade (TOM
M-62), and in order to mask the smoke –
a smoke grenade launcher (smoke TDM The rifle works on the principle of borrowing “Red Zastava”, was not prepared for such
M-62). In the discharge of these grenades, on the part of powder emissions (through an adjustment, but it was equipped with
it uses grenade bullets. In addition, it can which the gas chamber suppresses the gas a sliding rim on the left side which, in par-
use cumulative training grenade M-68 clip back, which is part of the bolt carrier). ticular, was intended for a limited number,
and M66 impact training grenade. The acceleration is done by a rotary (spin- and type of optical and passive sights.
Best results are achieved: ning) bolt. However, many workshops in factories
– with a single fire at 400 meters; The entire system is based on the sys- for weapon equipment in the world and
– with short bursts up to 300 meters; tem M-70 (“Kalashnikov” system), but the our surrounding make improvements and
– with long burst up to 200 meters; parts are not identical: adaptations of compatible parts such as
– with a group of marksmen up to 600 – The bolt together with the bolt carrier front plastic coating with a handle or with
meters (the term a group of marksmen and piston are smaller and lighter, a rim instead of the standard wooden
implies concentration of fire from two – The chamber is dimensioned for a 5.56 coating or cover of the magazine where
or more marksman at one end); caliber and is made by chrome there is a Pikatini rim. With this adapta-
– on targets in air up to 300 meters. – It possesses a cylindrical regulator of tion of the rifle M95, not only its active
emissions with 3 positions, 1, 2 and T lifetime is extended, but it also becomes a
TT Characteristics: (tromblon) which closes the flow of very dangerous competitor in the modern
– when the rifle is empty, it weighs around gases towards the piston for firing gre- world of “plastic” automatic rifles.
3.2 kg; nade launchers. Zoran Krstevski

19
 FIREARM
UNDERWATER

ARSENAL FOR SPECIAL UNDERWATER ACTIONS OF THE FROGMEN

abotage and anti-sabotage
actions exist in peace and
in war, all through the ter-
ritory of the parties at war.
The term territory does not
imply only land but also air and
water, if available. All the coun-
tries in the world have units that
conduct sabotage, anti-sabotage
and other specialized actions un-
der water. The members of these
units are predominantly divers.
They are very sensitive when un-
derwater.
Before underwater firearms were
invented the main defence and at-
tack armament of frogmen were
the steel bolts fired from of the
shelf underwater rifles. These
rifles had many shortages such
as: range, precision, individual bolt the constructor noticed the pre- 1. и 2. HECK- dle-like, drag-stabilized projectile
firing, an delayed action time, etc. decessor of today’s revolver at LER UNDER- which when ignited goes through
that time called Peper–box, which WATER PIS- the thin plastic membrane with
HECKLER consisted of several circularly put which that barrel is sealed. Pow-
TON der charges are ignited using elec-
UNDERWATER PISTON barrels with individual charging.
When the western countries de- The mutual feature was the pistol 3. и 4. RUS- tricity, stored in a sealed container
cided to attend seriously to the grip and the firing mechanism. SIAN UNDER- in the grip of the pistol. The weap-
problem with armament of the The firm “Heckler and Koch” did on is marked as “P11 H&K“
WATER PISTOL The pistol is 200 mm long, and
underwater soldiers, the first to the same thing. On the plastic pis-
offer help were the constructors tol grip there is a plastic change- 5. и 6. UNDER- when loaded with steel darts it
from the prominent German com- able container consisting of five WATER KA- weighs 1.2 kg, and the battery
pany “Heckler and Koch”. They barrels sealed with plastic, with weights 700 gr. It has been used
LASHNIKOV ever since 1976 first by the Ital-
have not reinvented the wheel by 9.5 mm caliber. Each barrel is
trying to find a compact, power- loaded with projectile bolt from ian Comsubin, then by German
ful and safe construction which tungsten carbide, with 7.62 mm Kampfschwimmer, then by the
enables several shots one after caliber. It is located in a three- British SAS and SBS. Eventu-
another. The solution was already piece plastic holder-sabot with ally the Americans purchased 100
there. Checking through old books length 117 mm. That is a long, nee- pieces for their Special Forces. P11

20
H&K was a mythical weapon for a long
period and its characteristics were only
guessed. There was not even a photo
of it. With the publishing of the Navy
plates TL-7 some of its characteristics
were discovered. Its range is 5 meters at
the depth of 15 meters, at a depth of 20
meters the range decreases to 9 meters,
and at a depth of 40 meters the range
rapidly decreases to 4 meters. Above the
water, the effective range is around 30
meters. The sound of “P11 H & K” is simi-
lar to the sepulchral H&K MP-5 SD.
The underwater pistol P11 H&K has a
bad record. After the final steel dart is
shot the reloading of the container takes
several days. Why? It depends how far
the pistol is from the Heckler and Koch
factory since the empty containers must
be reloaded there. Despite this unusual
record, the pistol is very safe, since it
doesn’t have movable parts which can
cause delay while used.
RUSSIAN UNDERWATER PISTOL
After the Berlin Wall had been torn down
many secrets appeared in public, espe-
cially those of the USSR. Among those
secrets were the ones about the arma-
ment of the frogmen.
The underwater 4.5 mm x 40 caliber
pistol was developed in the late 60’s,
marked as SPP-1 (special underwater pis-
tol). The pistol has four barrels, divided in
pairs -one above the other. The weapon
has double-action trigger which rotates
under 90 degrees. It weighs slightly less
than 1 kg., exactly 950 g. The dimensions
are 244х138х23 mm. The barrels are 203
mm long, smooth, without any grooves.
The projectile, i.e. the caliber steel dart
is 10 mm long, hydrodynamic and stabi-
lized. It has greater power than any oth-
er underwater firearms. According to the
naval plates TL-7 at the depth of 5 me-
ters its range is 17 meters, at the depth
of 20 meters its range is 12 meters, and
at the depth of 40 meters its range is
slightly bigger than the younger genera-
tion of “H&K”, which is 6 meters. Above
water it can be used at a distance of 30
meters but with lower accuracy since it
does not have grooves.
The sights are ordinary, mechanical. On
the left side of the pistol there is a brake
with a double role. The first role is to lock
the pistol and prevents shots from any
barrel, and the second is to unlock the
bloc of barrels which overlap, the same
as with hunting rifles. When blocs of
barrels overlap the slings easily throw
away the empty rounds, and not used
projectiles remain in the barrels, due to
their length. The reload of the weapon
lasts around ten minutes, and depends
on the training of the soldier and not on
the craftsmen in the factory. All this was
developed years before the “H&K”.
UNDERWATER KALASHNIKOV
This weapon threw a shade on many
weapon manufacturers. The Russians
took a step ahead and put their famous
“Kalashnikov” underwater.
It is a specialized underwater automatic
rifle marked as APS. It was developed in
the early seventies. It is a 5.66x39mm
caliber underwater automatic gun and its
design is derived from the popular “AK-
47”.
It has been part of the Russian arma-
ment since 1975, mostly used by the
Special Forces.
It is a simplified version of ‘Kalashnikov”
with flat barrel and it weights 2.4 kg,
without ammunition cartridges. To-
gether with the cartridges with 26 pro-
jectiles the weight is 3.4 kg. Projectiles
are needle like darts, 120 mm long, made
of medium hard steel and hydrodynamic
shape. When the barrel is packed the
length of the weapon is 615 mm. With
an open barrel the length is 823 mm. It
has an automatic gas valve which en-
ables the weapon to be used at various
depths underwater as well as above wa-
ter. As an automatic weapon its velocity
and range depend on the depth at which
it is used. At the depth of 5 meters the
range is 30 meters, at a depth of 20
meters the range is 20 meters and at a
depth of 40 meters the range is 11 me-
ters. It hits the target exceptionally well
and it penetrates even plastic protection
layers of the diving vehicles.
It is interesting to mention that due to
the length of
the needle like
darts the de-
signer’s main
problem was
the magazine.
It was the
most complicated part of the weap-
on. It has a mechanical sight, which
can be used at a range of 10 me-
ters on land, although the distance
is doubtful due to the length of the
needle like dart, and due to the bar-
rel without grooves. We normally ask
ourselves how does it work under
water then? Well, it is much easier
since in such conditions the projectile
is stabilized with the so-called hydro-
dynamic cavitation effect.
Of course the change of magazine and
speed depend on the skills of the marks-
men since we previously mentioned that
the magazine is the most complicated
part of that weapon, due to its size. It is
not as easy as with the standard Kalash-
nikov model. Apart from the magazine
another problem for the designers was
to bring the projectiles in the barrel. That
is the second complicated system of the
weapon which initiated design of spe-
cialized ammunition.
It should be emphasize that although
this wepon can be used on land it should
be avoided. Finally, the APC is a very use-
ful underwater firearm, where it is effi-
cient and perfect.
Aleksandar Stojcevski
21
 WITH THE SUN AND
THE MYTHICAL “LEOPARD”
Eighth rotation of the ARM in ISAF - Afghanistan
nce again the Republic of Macedonia
has confirmed its active participation
in the ISAF mission in Afghanistan
by sending the new, eighth rotation
in these forces. Namely, the sendoff
ceremony of the contingent of 149 mem-
bers of the Army of the Republic of Mace-
donia, a part of the Second Mechanized
Infantry Brigade, which will be deployed
together with the senior national repre-
sentative and the two staff officers in the
ISAF headquarters in Kabul, started at
noon on January 8 in the Military Barracks
“Kuzman Josifovski – Pitu” in Tetovo.
In the following six months, the experi-
enced “Leopards” of the Second Mecha-
nized Infantry Brigade will carry out
assignments in the frames of the contin-
22
gent of the Armed Forces of the United
Kingdom, where they will be responsible
for providing security to the ISAF HQ in
Kabul. In addition, the ARM peacekeep-
ers in Kabul will also carry out complex
assignments like: patrolling and securing
the army base and facilities that are of
vital importance to the lives of the Af-
ghans, providing combat security of the
communications and areas and different
tasks depending on the requirements of
the mission.
UNITED IN THE DEDICATION FOR
FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY
The President of the Republic of Mace-
donia and Commander-in-Chief of the
Army, Gjorge Ivanov was present at
the ceremony and wished the best
of luck to the soldiers, characterizing
them as the best representatives of
our country. “Esteemed soldiers and
officers, allow me first of all to wish
you luck and success in your upcom-
ing mission. On behalf of all citizens of
Macedonia I can say that we are proud
and deeply grateful. I am aware of the
personal sacrifice that each one of you
has decided to endure by throwing
aside family and the hardships which
are expected in the following months.
The Republic of Macedonia made a de-
cision to participate in a mission in a far
away country well aware of its serious-
ness”, said President Ivanov to the par-
ticipants of the contingent.
Moreover, he added that the
present risks clearly demon-
strate that there is no such thing
as an isolated and closed area,
and therefore Macedonia itself
has been exposed to threats,
thus we know how to appreci-
ate security and safety.
“We have decided to give this
mission special significance
compared to our real power
and size. Macedonia proves its
friendship and affiliation to the
coalition of democratically gov-
erned countries not only with
words, but also with deeds.
The coalition led by the USA
has the power and determina-
tion to fulfill its goal. We are a
part of an alliance of countries
united among themselves by
their common values, united in
the commitment to freedom
and democracy. And as a result
of the high goals and ideals, this
mission enjoys the large sup-
port of the Macedonian citizens,
politicians and the public. The
mission to Afghanistan is well
understood in the international
community and by the citizens
of that proud, but tormented
country. Our forces are there to
help the Afghans to easily build
their own democratic and free
future. The countries that par-
ticipate in that mission ask for
nothing in return. Our reward
is knowing that we have done
everything in our power to help
in need. Afghanistan is a coun-
try with exceptional history and
rich cultural and religious tradi-
tion. Macedonia has a deep and
long multicultural tradition in
respecting and valuing different
religions, nations and cultures.
That tradition can be particularly
seen in the Army of the Republic
of Macedonia. Therefore, I am
sure that they will be especially
good and worthy ambassadors
of the entire country. This is
an opportunity to show to the
members of the great interna-
tional coalition that in Macedo-
nia the soldiers of different eth-
nical and religious communities
work together, that we can rely
1. FROM THE on one another in the most dif-
SEND OFF OF
THE NEW ARM ficult and serious assignments.
Our example of living together
CONTINGENT
IN ISAF is recognized and is valued by
our allies as our contribution
towards resolving the issues
2. REPORTING
TO THE HIGH of the modern world. Macedo-
nia with its participation in the
COMMANDER
OF THE ARMY peacekeeping missions in Iraq,
AND PRESI- Bosnia, Lebanon and Afghani-
DENT OF THE stan has shown that it is equal
REPUBLIC OF and integrated with the other
MACEDONIA, countries form the Euro-Atlantic
GJORGE IVA- family of nations. Macedonia is
NOV a full-fledged member in accept-
ing the responsibilities. With our
commitment we invest in the
strength of this global alliance
and its longevity, the hope to
many people around the world.
Therefore, we are proud of our
soldiers”, the President of Re-
public of Macedonia, Gjorge Iva-
nov, finished his address.
The mission of the “leopards”
will be conducted in the period
from January to July 2010, and
the preparations of the mem-
bers of the contingent lasted 6
full months.
READY TO FACE
THE CHALENGES
“It gives me great honor and
pleasure to lead this group,
which in the course of the prep-
arations achieved high scores in
their training to carry out peace
support tasks. The achieved re-
sults, the efforts and the com-
mitment to the task give me the
right to believe in the readiness
of the members of the contin-
gent in carrying out assignments
in the upcoming peacekeeping
mission. We are ready to prove
that the members of the unit
are equal to their colleagues
from the other armies currently
serving in the ISAF mission. On
my behalf and on the behalf of
the entire personnel of the con-
tingent I express gratitude to
the superior command and to
all who supported us during this
period in order to finish the prep-
arations with success. I would
like to express our tremendous
gratitude to all present guests,
relatives and friends for the hon-
or you have given us with your
presence to the ceremony. As a
Commander of the contingent,
I assure you that we will carry
out our duties conscientiously,
responsibly, with discipline and
with pride and dignity we will
present the Army of Republic of
Macedonia outside the borders
of our country. In the course of
the training we learned how to
face the risks and challenges
that our colleagues face in Af-
ghanistan and I believe that
we are absolutely prepared.
23
 We will make maximal efforts to put
the safety first and to return safe and
sound in our units and our families,
while carrying out the tasks,” said the
Commander of the contingent, Major
Blaze Nikolovski, who also mentioned
that “the contingent is psychologically
and physically prepared for completing
this mission and a large number of the
members have the experience because
they have already been in a mission”.
SOLDIERS WITH A BIG HEART
The Commander of the Second Mecha-
nized Infantry Brigade, Colonel Meto-
dija Velickovski, clearly pointed out
that the members of the contingent, in
whose honor the ceremony was held,
were the best soldiers in the brigade.
“I assure you that at this moment in the
line up in front of you stand the best
soldiers of the Second Mechanized
Infantry Brigade. In front of you now
stand the finest “Leopards”. I support
that with the fact that this soldiers in
front of you have passed through a
painstaking, uncompromising period of
training during which only the finest,
toughest and the most prepared stand
in the line up. I assure you that during
the mission you will have a chance to
read the reports of their work, by which
you will be proud of your soldiers”,
stated Colonel Velichkovski.
He addressed the members of the
contingent and their families with the
following: “Members of the contingent,
ahead of you is one difficult and very
dependable task. There is a challenge
ahead of you. It is a challenge to walk
in Afghanistan, in the country where
the phalanges of Alexander the Great
walked long ago, led by the Macedo-
nian flag. Today, it is the Macedonian
flag and the mythical leopard are the
very symbols on your uniform. I expect
you to fulfill all the given assignments
in full, with quality and right on time.
I believe in the Commander of the
contingent, I believe in you, but what
I want from you now is to do every-
thing in your power to show the other
armies that are part of ISAF mission,
that the Republic of Macedonia might
be small, that the Army of Republic of
Macedonia might be a small army, but
that great soldiers serve in it, soldiers
with big hearts, ready to fulfill every
given assignment. You must justify the
unit’s logo “Force for Peace”. You must
24
do everything to fulfill your assignment
and you all return safe and sound to
your units, to your fatherland and to
your families, to where you really be-
long. At this moment, I want to say a
few words to your families, at one time
on this same place the soldiers depart-
ed with tears and messages from their
families: “Son, return from the quest
with your shield or on it”. Esteemed
families, I assure you that our soldiers
don’t have an alternative. They must
return only as winners. As peacekeep-
ers. They know that the sarissa, the
spear of success of the Macedonian
contingent is raised high. I assure you
that on the ceremony after they return
we will congratulate them on the suc-
cessfully completed mission”.
“THE LEOPARDS” WILL
JUSTIFY THE GIVEN TRUST
As a representative of the Ministry of
Defense, the Deputy Minister Emil Dim-
itiev in his statement underlined that
the Ministry has always supported the
activities of the ARM which were in line
with the execution of the long termed
determination of the Republic of Mace-
donia – a full-fledged membership to
the NATO alliance. In his statement he
agreed that the “Leopards” are highly
trained soldiers who will justify the giv-
en trust and preserve the honor of Re-
public of Macedonia and the ARM, and
after the mission we will witness their
successful return. Also, he addressed
the families of the members of the con-
tingent as follows: “Congratulations on
the courage and we want to wish you
patience and support to the members
of your families for a successful realiza-
tion of the mission”.
The fact that the ARM members that
go in mission are aware that they are
the direct and the biggest ambas-
sadors of our country has also been
proven from the words of the Sergeant
Aleksandra Dimevska: “I am proud and
honored to be a part of this mission
and to be one of the ambassadors of
our country. This is my second mission.
I have returned from the first in July
2009. The motive for going again is
clear – to represent our country with
dignity honor and responsibility. We
have a responsible work ahead of us
and we have to complete it with suc-
cess”.
Among those attending the ceremony
were the Chief of the General Staff,
Lieutenant General Miroslav Stojanovs-
ki, Deputy Chief of the General Staff
General Major Naser Sejdini, the ARM
Joined Operational Command Chief -
General Major Zoran Dimov, local au-
thorities, family members and relatives
of soldiers and other guests.
The ARM has been taking part in the
biggest NATO mission in Afghanistan
with a mechanized infantry company
ever since June 2006, when members
of the 1st mechanized infantry brigade
were deployed in the first rotation, and
later in the next rotations they alter-
nated with their colleagues from the
2nd mechanized infantry brigade.
Ivan Petrushevski
MEDIA
SUPPORT
KEY FACTOR FOR PROMOTION OF MOD AND ARM
he year that has passed will certainly
be remembered as one of the tough-
est since the establishment of the
ARM and the independence of the
Republic of Macedonia in general. This
statement is supported by many facts in-
dicating that 2009 is the year in which the
world economic crisis was a top issue in
the whole world because of its devastat-
ing effect on the economy in global terms
and even the most powerful economic
countries were not spared. However, the
Republic of Macedonia with its modest
potentials succeeded in getting out of the
economic “depression” which reflected
negatively on its economy less painfully.
Considering the fact that the MoD and
the ARM are a part of the institutions of
the Republic of Macedonia, the general
economic condition of the country was
the cause for reducing the budget in the
defense as well. Nevertheless, the things
that cheer us up are the economic index-
es at the end of the previous year; accord-
ing to which this year we should expect
an economic growth.
A SUCCESSFUL YEAR
Without an intention to go into any fur-
ther economic analyses (as I am not an
expert on this issue), at the beginning I
wanted to underline one of the most sen-
sitive problems today and a problem the
entire international community is still fac-
ing. Nevertheless, the imperative for sav-
ing, rationalization and at times reduction
of the finances, didn’t stop the realization
of the already started projects of the Min-
istry of Defense and the ARM which to
our satisfaction didn’t stay unnoticed by
the public in the Republic of Macedonia.
Bearing successfully with the burden im-
posed by the world economic crisis, both
institutions left a successful year behind
them in which some of the projects were
completely finished, and some are wait-
ing their finalization.
What marked 2009 in the defense as
a whole and why we should be satisfied.
First of all, I must point emphasize the
big projects such as: Promotion of the
Training Area “Krivolak” into a Regional
Training Center; the restart of the Military
Academy “Mihailo Apostolski”; the suc-
25
 cessful continuation of the the NATO,
EU and UN led peacekeeping missions
and the forthcoming enlargement of the
ARM contingency in the ISAF mission in
Afghanistan; the finalization of the ARM
new uniforms project; the legislation of
the new ARM Service Law; the beginning
of the project “ARM-My true home” for re-
solving the housing problem of the ARM
members and many others. Here, we
must not forget the numerous exercises
which the ARM had realized successfully
despite the decreased budget, such as:
“Macedonian Flash”-5 as an exercise with
the greatest number of participants with
a level-2 self-evaluation of the Declared
Medium Infantry Battalion and the rest
of the declared ARM units; the Multina-
tional Logistics Staff Exercise “LOGEX”;
the promotion exercise of the Air Force
WING of the ARM and the new capacities
for training at the Training Area “Krivolak”
and many other national and international
exercises in which a great number of ARM
members participated in.

CONTINUOUS, CORRECT
AND TIMELY REPORTING
Everyone who is involved in the realization
of the planned activities more in depth is
aware that one of the major priorities is
the presentation of the successfully com-
pleted job, where if we want to achieve
success, the media support is more than
necessary. Therefore, I would publicly like
to thank them for their support, because
without their support the citizens of the
Republic of Macedonia wouldn’t be able
to see and hear originally about our activi-
ties and achievements, and most impor-
tantly how the budgetary finances for the
defense are spent. In fact, the Public Rela-
tions Office of the General Staff of ARM
and the Public Relations Section of the
Ministry of Defense have an obligation to
inform the public continuously, correctly
and timely. In accordance with the direc-
tions and the standard operational pro-
cedures of NATO which the ARM entirely
applies in the process of planning and
execution of exercises, the practice of es-
tablishing a Public Relations Center during
all bigger exercises has been introduced
a long time now, and such practice has
proven to be of great advantage for the
Army affirmation. Nonetheless, the exer-
cises are only one important segment of
the work and functioning of the ARM. As
an army considered by the NATO alliance
as a full-fledged member (according to
the achieved reforms and practically dis-
played compatibility and operational ca-
pability), the ARM has demonstrated its
efforts for attaining greater transparency
with the performed work by the Public
Relations Office within the General Staff
of the ARM, as well as through the work
of the Public Relations Officers within
the subordinate units, through which the
great number of events and activities are
covered by the media, given in figures,
only in 2009 more than 120 announce-
ments have been sent to the media. This
certainly cannot give the real idea behind
the “ocean” of activities that the Army
has successfully realized in the past year,
because to the figures mentioned above
we should also add the announcements

26
sent to the local media which rep-
resent approximately less than
half of the previously mentioned
due to the fact that they refer to
the national media only.
TRANSPARENCY AND
AFFIRMATION OF ARM
According to the analysis of the
published articles on the ARM by
the media in the Republic of Mace-
donia done by the Public Relations
Office within the General Staff of
ARM, 1930 articles were published
in the last year, 980 in the elec-
tronic media and 950 in the print-
ed media. The analysis also offers
certain classification of everything
that was published, as contents
with positive influence on the
ARM, contents with negative in-
fluence and neutral contents. Due
to the effort for objective consid-
eration of the data concerning the
issued articles and avoiding the
subjective approach toward them,
this part of the data according to
me is not interesting for the public,
and as a result that not in a single
moment would I like to be under-
stood as directed against the free-
dom of the media. Nonetheless,
for example it is very positive that
more than half of the published
articles are with neutral content,
which says a lot about our efforts
to provide the necessary transpar-
ency and affirmation of the Army,
without any influence on the me-
dia. However, we must point out
that without the presence of the
media, without the eye of the
video camera and the camera, it
would be very hard for the Ministry
of Defense and ARM to be able to
start a more significant activity of
any kind, regardeless of whether it
is about an exercise, a conference,
a meeting or any other event or
activity. This is especially true for
the ARM as one of the strategic
goals set by the ARM is bringing
the soldier and soldier’s profession
closer to the “ordinary citizen” of
the Republic of Macedonia.
ERA OF THE MEDIA
It is more than obvious that we
live in a new, modern and dynamic
world where the media are on top
of the priorities of the agenda of
all world leaders, countries, institu-
tions, organizations, firms and ev-
ery individual who wants to work
successfully. Today, it is true when
we say that we are living in the era
of the media, a fact that is special-
ly appreciated by the Alliance and
all its member-countries, which is
clearly defined in the new Public
Diplomacy Strategy of NATO. I
believe that the day is not so far
when reporters from our country
will deploy together with the ARM
contingents headed in NETO, EU
and UN led missions, following the
example of the NATO member-
countries. A challenge like this
one, however, requires certain
conditions with, above all, legal
and financial nature which by the
way have an interinstitutional na-
ture that at the same time is con-
nected with the necessary process
of training and familiarization with
the ARM contingents which is a
key factor for the security of the
reporters.
In addition to the efforts for
achieving greater transparency of
the MoD and the ARM in the previ-
ous year, we must not forget the
promotion of the new magazine
“Shtit” which imposed itself as a
magazine that seriously aspires to
achieve high rating in the big me-
dia family in the country. And just
one of the main characteristics of
“Shtit” is the openness not only
to the members of the MoD and
ARM, but also toward the larger
readership which is already its rec-
ognizable image.
LESS RESTRICTIONS
In the year to come there are
many challenges ahead of us in
the field of public relations. Here,
moreover, we must point out that
by putting into force the new ARM
forces structure, there will be new
public relations officers in the units
structure. The continuation of
training of the ARM members in
Media Training Instructors who will
acquire high professional skills and
knowledge with the new training
program sponsored by the King-
dom of Norway at the Regional
Communications Training Center
at the MoD Nothing is no less im-
portant. We will certainly continue
with the media training intended
for the key personnel at the MoD
and ARM, as well as the prepara-
tions in the filed of media commu-
nications for the key personnel of
the ARM contingents prior to their
deployment in missions.
In the end, I would like to em-
phasize the effort of the ARM to
continue the cooperation with the
media and further intensify this co-
operation in the year ahead of us.
That means that the due respect
toward the media representatives
and the correct attitude towards
them will be an obligation for ev-
ery member of the ARM and due
to that, the media are welcome to
attend our activities as in the past
and with “less restrictions” when
they are to see the presented ex-
ercise. We are committed with the
fact that the greatest part of the
affirmation the ARM, no matter
whether it refers to a domestic ter-
rain or abroad, is done by nobody
else but the media. Therefore, we
will not be making a mistake if
we say that a significant part of
our achieved success has been
achieved through media support.
Mirche Gjorgoski
27
 AFICIONADOS
F LY I N G
Training Squadron at the Air Force WING
Per Aspera Ad Astra
he famous legend about Dae-
dalus and his son Icarus clear-
ly demonstrates the primeval
human desire to construct a
device so as to conquer the
space in its three dimensions.
The Chinese were familiar with
the flight of the kites through the
air by using the wind as early as
in 200 AD.
The dream come true in the real
sense of the word is a long term
process. It started during the 13
century with the ideas by Roger
Bacon, followed by the draw-
ings by Da Vinci, the balloons by
the Montgolfier brothers, dealing
with flying problems by numerous
scientists and constructors like
28
Cayley, Langley, Lilienthal, Ader, the Internet or came across maga-
right to the first flight performed zines specialized in that field. Nev-
in 1903 by the brothers Wilbur и ertheless, they had to go through
Orville Wright, when the aeronau- the system of pilot selection and
tical revolution officially began. training for the requirements of
the air force WING. The carrier of
PILOT SELECTION this activity is the Training Squad-
AND BASIC TRAINING ron, whose responsibility is pilot
Today, when the dream of the selection and basic training for
mankind is coming true, even in pilots who afterwards continue
beyond the initial ideal, only the their flying career in the Combat
dream of the individual remains and Transport Helicopter Squad-
to be fulfilled. A part of these afi- ron. The Squadron has been
cionados fulfill their dream in the performing this duty since the
ARM units. Some of them have very establishment of the Mace-
had the desire ever since they donian Air Force through various
were a little, some of theme have forms of existence and designa-
relatives in the air force, others tion. Initially, the Air Force was
have discovered it by browsing equipped with planes of the type
“Utva-75”. In the course of 1996, it
1. The check was equipped with the plane Zlin-
up before 242L, which remained a part of
take-off is the Squadron and even today has
a regular the main function in carrying out
commit- the mission. All candidates who
ment of the wish to become military pilots,
air force
after successfully passing the
medical examinations where they
technical prove their health conditions and
personnel psycho-physical capabilities, come
a precondi- in the Squadron to be trained and
tion for the begin a journey full of hardships
function- called selective flight. During the
ing of the selection, each one of them is first
Squadron introduced to the unit, the work
atmosphere, the setting up of ac-
2. Pair tivities and only afterwards they
landing continue to learn issues related to
flying. They learn about the basic
principles of flight, aerodynamics
and flight mechanics, the characteristics
of flying and the method behind fling the
aircraft Zlín-242L. Those who will suc-
cessfully acquire the theoretical part of
training, start flying. Although flights last
for half an hour on average, the prepa-
ration for the flight requires great effort,
time and energy, knowing that the flight
is preceded by an executive training
where the candidate will need to show
to the instructor that he had completed
each element of the exercise perfectly
and that he is really ready for flying. Cer-
tainly, this is where the old proven rule
stating that the “excellent” readiness on
the ground is barely enough for “good”
in the air. Therefore, the candidate is
required to know for at least a “four”,
otherwise a flight ban follows that is not
helpful for the successful completion of
the entire process. The candidates who T T c h aracteri s tic s of t h e aircraft Z L I N - 2 4 2 L
will meet the strict criteria and success-
fully complete the selective flying will Wing Span 9.34 m
obtain the title of “pilot-listener”. Those The aircraft Zlín-242L is a two-
Length 6.94 m seater, one engine, with low
who will not succeed in that or if it does
not meet their expectations and assess Height 2.75 m positioned wings and a metal
that the stakes in the whole thing are structure, with a tandem-seat
bigger than the profits, they should be Wing Surface 13.86 m² and a tricycle static landing
honest to themselves and seek another Degree of dihedron 6º gear type. It is designed for
solution, and experience and understand basic and advanced training,
the passed period as an extraordinary Limits of g од -3.5 до during day and night, in visual
adventure that only a few could afford. 6.0 g and instrumental conditions,
Pilot-students in their further stay in Maximum flight height 4500 m for acrobatic flight and towing
the Squadron obtain all the necessary sailboats and banners. The
knowledge and skills that will allow them Maximum weight at 1090 kg
taking-off machinery group consists of a
to perform the flying tasks flawlessly valve engine with four cylinders,
and build a successful pilot career. As Total Engine Volume 5920 cm³ measuring a maximum of 200 hp at
the pilot profession is not easy at all and 2700 spins/min and a three-blade
requires a lot of renouncements, work Maximum speed 315 km/h
rotor with variable speed.
and constant improvement, all pilots by
the end of their career will have to cul-
tivate the work habits that they had ac-
quired during the training. Moreover, that
means an enormous respect towards
the means they fly, correct and complete
flight preparation, their own health care,
rest and satiety, keeping the proper pi-
lot documentation, loyalty to colleagues,
and respect for the team that provides
for the flight.
OBSERVING THE PRINCIPLES
For the Squadron to achieve the desired
and expected results, it should respect
the principles of flight training. It is inad-
missible to perform any activity in the pro-
cess of planning, organizing and carrying
out the flight training of any sort which
will jeopardize these principles. Train-
ing focus is seen in the clearly specified
final results that must be reached in the
conduct of training and taking all mea-
sures to achieve these results. Clearly the Training Squadron, the pilot-students traditional kicking, a manner of congratu-
defined standards and requirements in receive their deserved “wings” and the lating - the new pilot leans on the wing
the execution of flight tasks enable the flight title - pilot. These pilots are fully of the plane and gets a kick for good luck
achievement of the desired quality in trained to fly the aircraft Zlín-242L in and congratulations by the older pilots.
training. Security is achieved with qualita- visual and instrumental conditions, day The rule here is – only those who have
tive preparation, proper implementation and night, and fully prepared to deal been kicked have the right to kick. Re-
of the planned tasks, observance of rules with new challenges that are awaiting ceiving the “wings” for the completion
and norms. Gradualness and systematic in the transfer to other squadrons and of training and the promotion to pilot
behaviour are achieved by gradual and in helicopter retraining. In addition to which is regularly celebrated with a cer-
systematic adoption of knowledge and the acquired knowledge and experience, emony for the entire squadron is an un-
skills, by respecting the methods of flight they will take the memories of beautiful forgettable experience itself. However,
training and grouping of certain types by moments that marked their lives forever the achieved results are the result of
tasks and time. The Economy in training with them. The first flight is an experi- teamwork in the squadron, starting from
is accomplished by the achievement of ence which is never forgotten. Followed the soldiers, technicians, instructors and
objectives with a minimum expenditure of by the first solo flight which opens new teachers, and up to the command. They
material and financial resources and time. horizons for them all, concerning the pro- all go on to reaching new professional
fession and the acceptance of the cock- achievements and producing additional
FIRST INDEPENDENT FLIGHT pit as the main environment for every generations of new pilots.
After the successful implementation of pilot. The successful implementation of
the overall process of flight training in the independent flight is followed by the Borce Manev

29
 A SUCCESS STORY
BUILDING A MODERN SLOVENIAN AIR FORCE
lovenia is the only republic
from the Former Yugoslav
Federation which got an invita-
tion to join the NATO Alliance
at the Prague Summit in 2002
and it has been its member since
November, 2003. Unlike the rest
of the countries from the region,
Slovenia, released from the bur-
den of loss and damages caused
by the war, immediately after its
independence started to build its
air force. At the same time, this
marked the establishment of the
Slovenian Air Force which today is
united in an Air Defense Brigade
and an Air Force and is posted in
two military bases, the airports
“Brnik” and “Cerklje on Krka”. The
Slovenian Air Forces have Bell-412
and AS-532 Cougar Helicopters in
the 15th Helicopter Battalion and
Bell-206 Jet Ranger Helicopter in
the Air Force School. The Air Force
base is equipped with Pilatus
PC-6 Porter and Let L-410 Turbo-
let fixed wing transport. The Slo-
venian Ministry of Defense is seri-
ously considering the purchase of
a tactical transport fixed wing and
as a result, in 2007 at the Cerk-
lje base the planes EADS CASA
C-295 and C-27J Spartan were
tested. The plane CASA C-295
was selected and the plan was to
procure two planes, one in 2008
and the other one in 2010. How-
ever, immediately after the acci-
30
dent in Poland, 23 January, 2008
when the Polish plane CASA
C-295 crashed while landing and
20 members of the Polish armed
forces lost their lives, among
which high ranking officers, the
Slovenian order was stopped and
postponed. Slovenia is planning
1. ATMS placed the procurement of the tactical
on the sub transport fixed wing in 2012. The
wing carrier Air Force School, which is directly
of PC-9 subordinated to the Command
for Doctrine, Development, Train-
ing and Education, has the planes
Zlin-242L and Zlin-143L for basic
and advanced flying training, for
advanced combat training, as well
as enabling fire support to the
rest of the units using the planes
Pilatus PC-9 and PC-9M. The pur-
chase of these planes started
with the purchase of three used
PC-9 planes from the USA Air
Force followed by the order nine
new PC-9M planes in December
1997 directly from the manufac-
turer (www.pilatus-aircraft.com)
in Switzerland, which were deliv-
2. Front ered in less than a year. The num-
cockpit of the ber is now reduced by one plane
Slovenian PC-9 as a result of the accident in 2004
at Lenart where Major Drago
3. A Slovenian Svetina lost his life. In 2008 there
pilot in PC-9 was another unpleasant incident
which luckily ended without any
victims when the pilot trainee
catapulted himself, and the dam-
aged plane was returned to the
base at Cerklje by the other pilot.
Protection of
its own air space
The fundamental assignment of
the Slovenian Air Force is protec-
tion of the sovereignty of the
Slovenian air space. Since it is
still not equipped enough for an inde-
pendent and successful completion of
this assignment, Slovenia is doing this
in segments, assigning a part of this
assignment to neighboring Italy. Secur-
ing the Slovenian air space at medium
and high altitudes is the authority of
the Italian hunters that act from the
Air Force base Cervia at San Giorgio.
Low altitudes and tactical level action
are assigned to the Slovenian forces.
A part of this assignment belongs to
the 9th Air Defense Battalion which is
equipped with the AD systems “Strela-
1M”, “Strela-2M” and “Igla”. The readi-
ness of this unit was obvious to us at
the end of September, 2009 when to-
gether with the ARM Air Defense Bat-
talion they performed the joint military
exercise “Challenge 09” at the Training
Area “Krivolak”, a tactical military live fir-
ing exercise with the light transportable
rocket AD system “Igla”. A supplemen-
tary segment in protecting the air space
is the task of the PC-9M planes.
Modernization of PC-9M planes
For a successful realization of the as-
signments and achieving modernity and
compatibility with the rest of the NATO-
partners, Slovenia carried out moderniza-
tion of these planes and gained a modern
training-combat plane. The modernization
is the work an Israeli company “RADOM
Aviation Systems” (www.radom-aviation.
com). The plane is equipped with an oxy-
gen system OBOGS for flying at high al-
titudes and with a HUD for a successful
operation with the armament which the
plane carries. It can be armed with tacti-
cal armament such as a machine gun 12.7
mm, bombs Mk81/82 or launch mecha-
nisms with unmanned rockets 70 mm.
The modernization of the planes covered
installation of modern aviation devices, a
navigation system, a redesigned modern
cockpit, a new HUD, a HOTAS system for
display data management, an NVG sys-
tem and an armament installation. The
system uses the familiar MIL-STD-1553B
and RS422/ARINC429. The moderniza-
tion included the analyses, installation and
ground and air tests. One of the greatest
benefits of the modernization is the devel-
opment of a modern system for air com-
bat simulation-ATMS.
ATMS – Advanced
Training Missile System
“RADOM Aviation Systems” completed the
development of a uniquely modern training
system. ATMS-system is an advanced so-
phisticated training system which simulates
use of AIM-9 Sidewinder air to air missiles in
all operational aspects. The ATMS system
enables the pilot (it doesn’t matter wheth-
er he is a cadet trainee or a combat pilot
trainee) to drill air combat while operating
with a modern system of air to air missiles,
without causing great expenses which are
otherwise made with the real ones.
The ATMS system is composed of three
major components:
– FLIR-an electric optical device that sim-
ulates the bearing of the detector of
the AIM-9 missiles;
– The body of ATMS where the electronic
elements are located;
– The ABRS system (Airborne Radiation
System), source of IR (infrared) rays
activated when necessary.
The ABRS system provides high emis-
sion of IR-rays for a greater range of de-
tection by other ATMS-devices. It can be
removed, leaving the device only with its
basic detecting opportunities.
The ATMS system provides the following
advantages:
1. Air combat exercise:
– as it is software controlled, the sen-
sitivity of the detector and the false re-
sistance can be adjusted with an aim to
simulate a different generation of IR-led
missiles.
– the ABRS creates a unique opportunity for
exercising with the IR-detector and against
targets without jet engines due to its capa-
bility for high transmission of IR-rays.
2. Safety and maintenance:
– no moving parts and secures great
(MTBF-Mean Time Between Failures)
period between failures;
– easy to maintain, no need of cooling
gas for the elements;
– easy to detect the malfunctions and
control of the device by using a lap-
top-terminal with an adequate soft-
ware.
3. Flexibility:
– placing the ATMS device at different air
force platforms is easy and efficient.
– the ATMS device can be placed at the
existing carriers for AIM-9-missiles or at
special systems for adaptation which
are prepared by the RADOM engineers.
The ATMS device by RADOM is designed
and tested to satisfy the requests of ev-
ery aircraft and it is entirely certified for
the use of the PC-9M plane.
This kind of an equipped aircraft rep-
resents the pride of the Slovenian Air
Force and one of the appliances which
Slovenia uses in its participation in mul-
tinational exercises. Its started proving
interoperability immediately after join-
ing NATO by taking part in the exercise
“Adriatic Rescue 04” in October, 2004.
In this exercise the Slovenian PC-9M
were “aggressors” which were sup-
posed to destroy the helicopters escort-
ed by the F-16 planes from the Aviano
base. Representatives of the armies of
Macedonia, Croatia and Albania partici-
pated as observers in this exercise.
Naturally, the development of the Slo-
venian Air Force doesn’t stop here. Since
the agreement on cooperation with Italy
expires very soon, Slovenia is seriously
considering providing independent protec-
tion of its own space. And to that aim, it
is expected that by 2015 Slovenia would
be equipped with
modern jet planes.
This determination of
theirs confirms the
entire renovation and
moder­nization of
the systems on the
Cerklja on Krka base
which has recently
been completed.
Borche Manev
31
 SPECIAL
REACTION TEAMS
MILITARY POLICE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES
he last few decades of the twen-
tieth century a wave of violent
protest and viscous terrorist at-
tacks swept across the Western
world. Many of these incidents
were specifically directed at the US
Army personnel and installations, i.e.
the US Armed Forces HQs. These
attacks, coupled with the increased
amount of violent crimes being en-
countered by the Army Military Police
(MP) personnel, caused great concern
amongst senior Army law enforce-
ment officials. As a result, the De-
partment of the Army mandated that
Army Military Police (MP) units form
specially trained units to respond to
any potential crisis situation. Guided
by this directive, all major Army posts
now maintain the ability to deploy a
MP Special Reaction Team, or an SRT.
SRTs correspond to the civilian police
SWAT teams.
There are official data about the mis-
sion, organization and equipping of
the special reaction teams in the Army
Guide of the USA 19-10 (Military Police
Law and Order Operations). In the
chapter dedicated to the Special Re-
action Teams it is stated that basis’s
commanding offices must provide an
installation SRT capable of providing
an enhanced response to developed
threats in their area of responsibility
within two hours of initial notification.
The Commander of the highest-
ranking unit of the Military Police
32
in the base, also known as Provost
Marshal (PM), is in charge for the or-
ganization, equipment, training and
maintenance of the special team. The
SRT is a specially trained team of mili-
tary or security personnel armed and
equipped to isolate, contain, gather
information for, and, if necessary, neu-
tralize a special threat. Specific mis-
sions and response capabilities are
determined by the threat and avail-
ability of equipment and training time.
When major disruptions or special
threats occur (to include acts of terror-
ism), resources must be committed in
a graduated response to resolve the
situation and restore law and order.
SRTs are one of the commander’s
principal response forces in the event
of a major disruption or special threat,
and as such, are an integral part of
an installation’s security. Some situa-
tions requiring Special Reaction Team
are: barricaded criminals, barricaded
criminals who keep hostages, snipers
incidents, counter terrorist operations,
VIPs protection( as a force for reac-
tion) threatened suicide incidents, bar-
ricaded mentally ill people etc. During
hostilities, SRTs may be required to
perform similar missions in a combat
environment.
PRIORITIES DURING INCIDENTS
SRT priorities during an incident are:
protection of lives of those connected
to the incident; securing the safe re-
Фото: Ryan Walker
lease of hostages; isolating/contain-
ing the incident; gathering informa-
tion/intelligence; protecting property/
equipment, preventing escape escape
of suspects; apprehending offenders,
conducting an assault (only if all other
alternatives have been exhausted, no
other assistance is expected, and a
threat to human life exists).
The above mentioned priorities must
be well planned and constantly ob-
served by the command in charge
in order to assure complete success
while solving crisis. Each Military in-
stallation has specific needs deter-
mined by constant analysis of threats
and its vulnerable points. Detailed
analysis of threats is the essential
to identify the desired capabilities of
the Special Reaction Teams. On one
hand a threat analysis can indicate
low level threats which require basic
equipment and training of the Special
Reaction Team. On the other hand
if the threat analysis shows pres-
ence of sophisticated threats, this
indicates that the installation must
have Special Reaction Team with
advanced equipment and training.
The command and control of actions
performed by the Special Reaction
Teams are planned, coordinated and
conducted by the operating centre
for emergency situations, which is
activated upon information for a po-
tential threat. Special Reaction Team
as well as other MP units present at
the place of the incident are tacti-
cal element of the operation centre
led by the Provost Marshal–officer
or his deputy who have the opera-
tional control of the reaction forc-
es. Tactical elements have internal
and external perimeters, special re-
action team, negotiation team and
investigation team.
STRICT CRITERIA
FOR PERONNEL SELECTION
When personnel for Special Reac-
tion Team is selected the most
qualified volunteers are those who
meet the following requirements:
– One year of experience in military
police
– Е4 rank (corporal, specialist) or a
higher rank;
– Highly disciplined and motivated;
– Experienced and able to work un-
der pressure;
– Passed the Physical Test in the
Army
– To have minimum excellent
marksman qualification with the
entrusted weapon;
– To posses individual special skills
– To have combat experience or
participation in operation con-
ducted in small units;
– To have experience with law en-
forcement;
– To be team players;
– To have an excellent vision;
– Not to have criminal records or
disciplinary procedures.
In addition, all the volonteers who
apply for Special Reaction Teams
should be psychologically checked
before assuming the new duty.
Special Reaction Teams consist
of minimum 9 people. It is consid-
ered that one or two nine-member
teams should be equipped and
trained on an installation. The aim
is to have one Special Reaction
Team around the clock. In addition,
depending on the situation it might
be necessary to use more than one
team. According to the guide book
FM 19-10, Special Reaction team
consists of:
а) Element for an attack (entrance):
– team leader, Е6 or higher rank;
– guide-pointer, Е4 or higher rank;
– two members for protection, Е4
or higher rank;
– one member for joint protection,
Е4 or higher rank.
б) Element for protection-covering/
second element for attack (if nec-
essary):
– two pointers-snipers, Е4 or high-
er rank;
– two observers, Е4 or higher rank.
A crucial point for proper function-
ing of Special Reaction Teams is
interoperability of its members i.e.
to be trained for minimum one or
more position in the team. The
team leader must know tasks and
obligations of each member.
MASTERS AT ARMS
As written in the title of the text we
would shortly address Special Re-
action Teams which are part of the
Military Police in the Navy and AAF.
In the USA Navy, the Military Police
is called, Master-at-Arms. In the last
years, or since the USA armed forc-
es are in a war against terrorism the
members of the NAVY Military Po-
lice participate in the counterterror-
ist attacks. Special Reaction Teams
together with Special Forces par-
ticipate in counter terrorist actions
in the so called expedition mission.
These special teams have been re-
cently put under the Navy Combat
Command, under the newly formed
Military Police whose training cen-
tre is in Lackland, Texas. The special
teams receive training lasting 50
days and they further develop by at-
tending other courses and schools
in the related area. We would herein
mention the specialized teams of
Marine Corps which are trained in
the base “Fort Leonard Wood” in
Missouri, as well as their colleagues
from the US Army.
In the Army Air Force the Military
Police is known as Security Police.
At the end of the 70’s there was an
initiative to form teams for rapid re-
action, lately known as emergency
service teams. The organization,
training and equipment are similar to
the ones of their colleagues (mem-
bers of the SRT) as well as other
types of armed forces and adjusted
to the needs to the Army Air Force. It
is not known in public that during the
visit of the Iranian Shah, Mohammad
Reza Pahlavi in the USA, beside the
federal agents and other services,
members of the SRT were respon-
sible for the security of the shah.
Also as part of Security Police of the
Army Air Force of the USA starting
in the 80’s there is a flying squad for
emergency situations, which would
go help the local teams from other
installations on call. The members of
the Emergency Situation Teams are
also trained in the Lackland Base,
Texas. Special Reaction Teams are
equipped with special equipment,
which should help them complete
their tasks. Here we would like to
list ballistic helmets, ballistic shields,
waterproof specialized uniforms,
standard Kevlar protection vests,
night vision equipment, protecting
communication equipment. From the
used weapons we would list : ’M-
9”, Berretta 9mm pistol, „М-16А2“
, rifles “The Remington 870 shot-
gun”, Remington “M40 sniper rifles
”, Heckler and Koch sub machine
guns, mortars and other objects like
flesh and shock bombs. In necessary
situations they use light machine gun
M249, M240 and M1940.
As stated above the members of
the Army’s and Marine Corps’ SRT
receive basic training in “Fort Leon-
ard Wood”, in the state of Missouri.
The course is divided in two phases.
In the first phase the candidates
are trained for: selective shooting,
physical condition training, rope de-
scending, intelligence techniques and
tactics, direct fight, shooting with
limited vision, night shooting, first
aid, tactical planning and other skills.
In the second phase specialized skills
required for marksman- snipers and
observes are taught. In addition to
this the members of the SRT attend
other military and civilian courses.
During my stay in the above men-
tioned installations I had an oppor-
tunity to see the training centre for
special tactics. It is a modern training
centre with all the necessary ameni-
ties, equipped without having saving
any money. A confirmation about the
reputation and the organization of
this training centre is that members
of the specialized federal teams of
the State of Missouri attend courses
there.
Borce Jakimov
33

From a peacekeeper’s journal
acedonia has demonstrat-
ed and proven its capa-
bilities and qualities in the
rocky, sandy, and less fa-
miliar regions in Middle Asia, in
Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as
in its extended neighborhood.
Macedonian peacekeepers
have already been giving their
active contribution to maintain-
ing peace and stability of one
of the former Yugoslav repub-
lics, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
for four years. Our brave
peacekeepers, who have been
part of the ALTHEA mission
under the auspices of the Euro-
pean Union auspices, have not
faced the cultural shock that
the other peacekeepers have,
while serving in Iraq and Af-
ghanistan. Although they have
not felt cultural differences and
much change in the way of life,
nevertheless, they have played
an important role in a multicul-
tural environment, where each
one is a representative of one’s
country and the flag which one
proudly wears on one’s sleeve.
Moreover, the responsibility -
to take care of the most valu-
able thing to man, his health, is
a great one.
We visited the Military Hos-
pital in Skopje to interview
34
This month treated us to a
few sunny days. It reminded
us of how beautiful the
feeling to live in peace and
freedom is. It reminded
us that those elements
are the most important in
life, as only then man can
concentrate himself on
discovering the road to
true happiness
HUMANITY
SERVING
captain Elizabeta Petru-
shevska-Mihajlovska,
and to our pleasure, we had a
very pleasant interviewee.
FIRST STEPS IN THE ARMY
Captain Elizabeta Petrushev­
ska-Mihajlovska told us about
the beginnings of her military
career. “Although I have been
formally in active service in
the army since the end of
2002, I have worked as a
nurse in the internal ward at
the Military Hospital since
1997. While working, I stud­
ied at the Medical faculty as
a logical continuation of my
education, after graduating at
the medical high school “Dr.
Panche Karagjozov” in Sko­
pje. I worked as a nurse until
2000 when I went to work in
the military barracks in Veles
as a doctor where I worked as
a doctor until 2007”, captain
Petrushevska-Mihajlovska
started explaining about the
beginning of her career.
During the conflict in Mace­
donia, at the beginning of the
new millennium, she worked
in the military barracks in
Veles. “I worked in Veles dur­
ing the conflict. I went to Mat­
ka, Rashche and Karpalak to­
gether with the people from
the reserve unit from Veles. At the
end of 2001 I was transferred to the
military barracks Ilinden in Skopje. I
worked as a civilian doctor until the
end of 2002 when I went into ac-
tive service and got the rank of lieu-
tenant”. In 2005 Dr. Petrushevska-
Mihajlovska attended a two-week
course on Military Medical Care
Management.
Captain Petrushevska-Mihajlovska
volunteered to take part in a mis-
sion and she got a chance to show
her skills and capabilities as a part
of the Macedonian contingent in the
ALTHEA mission in Bosnia and Her-
zegovina. “In October 2007, while
and two drivers. The team was re-
sponsible for providing a 24-hour
medical support on the base, seven
days a week. We worked in shifts,
alternatively every 24 hours. There
were doctors from Germany, Po-
land and Hungary on the base but
they were responsible only for the
units from their countries, whereas,
we gave medical support to our
unit as well as to the entire base,
even when our colleagues were not
there”, Captain Petrushevska-Mi-
hajlovska enthusiastically explained.
Despite the great responsibilities
regarding the activities on the base,
the Macedonian contingent also
had tasks off base. They provided
medical support to a great number
of training, cultural and sport activi-
ties. “There was a period when we
took part in the MEDEVAC training
- for about two months, because
at that time the Macedonian pilots
and helicopters took part in it. The
team itself consisted of not only
Macedonians, but also German
medical technicians, with whom we
had excellent cooperation, I must
say. Afterwards, the Spanish teams
with their helicopters and pilots
took over the responsibilities for
the activities. We went to Jahorina,
when we had a case with an Aus-
trian officer who hurt his leg while
skiing. He was transported to the
medical center with our vehicle and
thanks to our timely intervention ev-
working in “Ilinden”, I received both
my specialization and an order, of
course after I volunteered, to go on
a mission in B&H”, she continues.
ON A MISSION
“I was on a mission in Bosnia as part
of the ALTHEA mission from 15 No-
vember 2007 to 15 May 2008. I was
accommodated in the base Butmir
in Sarajevo. There were 2500-3000
people and soldiers from 37 coun-
tries.
Macedonian team worked in the in-
firmary. It consisted of ten people
– two doctors, four nurses, one lab
technician, one logistics provider
erything turned out well. We often
had exercises, training and contacts
with other contingents stationed at
the base. Furthermore, we went to
see other working points of other
armies stationed in different cities
in the Bosnian Federation and Re-
publika Srpska. I visited the hospi-
tal in Tuzla in order to improve our
cooperation”. She characterized
the attitude of the other armies
towards the Macedonian medical
team as especially friendly, based
on complete mutual cooperation.
“We had excellent cooperation with
all contingents, but I would like to
mention our cooperation with the
German and the Spanish medical
teams”.
PROFESSIONALISM IN ACT
The facts show that the tasks and
responsibilities of the members
of Macedonian contingent are not
easy. During her work, as a doctor,
Captain Petrushevska-Mihajlovska
has experienced a few situations
which she remembers and will con-
tinue to remember. “We had a few
critical and difficult cases. In one of
the cases a patient was choking,
he had a swollen tongue, swollen
breathing tube, difficult breathing
etc. The patient was Hungarian, and
his doctor was not on the base, but
luckily we reacted on time. He was
given everything he needed; he was
resuscitated and started breathing.
Afterwards, he was transported to
Sarajevo. In ten days, he was re-
leased from hospital and came to
thank us”.
Constant readiness to take over
any cases that needed medical at-
tention was a priority to our team.
The team proved many times that
they can give medical assistance
quickly and timely. “There was a pa-
tient from Bulgaria who accidently
caught fire from petrol, and at that
time the Bulgarian doctor was not
on the base. We took all necessary
actions, i.e. cleaning the wound,
administering painkillers, analge-
sic, and then the patient was sent
to the surgical ward of the medical
center in Sarajevo for further treat-
ment of the wound”, explained cap-
tain Petrushevska - Mihajlovska.
Unusual and out of the routine
events are everyday reality to our
peacekeepers. The way they ex-
ecute the tasks, by taking full re-
sponsibility and absolutely respect-
ing the ethics and moral, show the
professionalism of the Macedonian
army and its peacekeepers, rep-
resenting our country in missions
abroad. Captain Mihajlovska told us
about an event of different nature.
“The regulation manual in the base
provides regulations which tell you
exactly how to react in case of an
air raid of the base, or if a suspicious
cargo arrival etc. Once, when I was
on duty, the duty officer on the base
called our team, which consisted
35
 of a nurse, a driver and I, to
check a suspicious cargo that
had arrived on the base. They
suspected that it might have
been anthrax; therefore we
took all prescribed measures
– putting on the protective
suit, and all additional pro-
tective gear. Our task was to
take care of the people from
the counterterrorist unit, who
were examining the suspi-
cious cargo, in case their sus-
picions of anthrax have been
confirmed. Fortunately, at the
end, their suspicions were not
confirmed; nevertheless, the
entire procedure for such cas-
es was duly followed”.
The dedication and the out-
standing work performance
of the tasks assigned did not
go unnoticed. On the contrary,
the commander of the base
awarded the Macedonian
team. “Having successfully re-
acted in several cases which
needed medical assistance,
our team was presented with
a medal by the commander
of the base. The Irish contin-
gent presented me a certifi-
cate of gratitude because all
logistical support concern-
ing the medical support was
provided by the Macedonian
team, since they did not have
a doctor on their team. They
had frequent health problems
and they were very content
with the way we provided the
medical assistance”.
When we asked Dr. Petru-
shevska-Mihajlovska about
the most stressful day during
the mission, without hesita-
tion, she answered that it had
been the 12 January. It was
the day of the helicopter ac-
cident near Katlanovo Blace,
where eleven peacekeepers
from the ARM died in a heli-
copter accident during their
flight home from Bosnia and
Herzegovina. “Those days
were the hardest. We were
together there, you know,
we helped each other as pro-
fessionals, as colleagues, as
people, as members of the
Macedonian team. Those
days, that period was really
difficult”.
TARGET SHOOTING –
SECOND LOVE
Our interviewee, Captain
Elizabeta Petrushevska-Mi-
hajlovska loves sport. Her
favorite sport is target shoot-
ing, which she took up abso-
lutely buy chance. “I took up
target shooting in 2004. I
started my “shooting” career
in the shooting team in the
ARM. Since then, I have taken
part in several international
championships. In 2005 I
36
went to Norway, in 2006, In-
dia, and in 2007, Sweden. In
2005 and 2007, I participated
in the world championships
in shooting, and in 2006, the
fourth Military Championship
in a number of disciplines
in India, which is similar to
the Olympic Games. In that
huge competition I won the
30th place. For three years I
kept winning the first place
in shooting competitions for
women in the ARM. In 2007,
I was part of the team that
won the first place. In the
first year I used a small cali-
ber gun and a pistol, later on
I used only a small caliber pis-
tol. I started target shooting
completely by chance - I had
a chance to try my abilities
in shooting while I was on
duty as medical support at a
shooting competition in the
ARM. That is how I joined their
team. There is one thing that
I have learned from shooting,
and that is, calmness is very
important, not only in shoot-
ing but in life in general”, Cap-
tain Mihajlovska finished.
THE HOME COMES FIRST
We wanted to find out some-
thing about the private life of
our peacekeeper. Her story
confirmed that a man can be
1. MEDALS FOR
completely fulfilled provided
A SUCCESSFULLY he is successful in his ca-
COMPLETED
reer as well as in his private
MISSION
life. She is a happily married
2. EVACUATION mother of two. “I am mar-
OF INJURED ried. My husband’s name is
PEOPLE Ilija Mihajlovski. He works as a
Chief in the MoI. We have two
children, a daughter, Tamara
who is thirteen years old and
a son, Stefan, who is seven
years old. When I was in Bos-
nia my daughter was eleven
and my son five. During that
period of our lives, my chil-
dren and I had a difficult time.
Nevertheless, they somehow
managed without me, thanks
to the resourcefulness of my
husband”. The children take
after their mother, when it
comes to the love of the
army, which is very interest-
ing. “Stefan wants to become
a soldier and he often puts on
my hat. I take him with me
when I go to practice target
shooting and he is already
showing his talent. On the
other hand, Tamara is more
inclined to my husband’s pro-
fession”, she said.
At the end of our interview
we had the same impres-
sion as we did at the begin-
ning, we were sorry to leave
her pleasant company. We
had the honour of meeting
a wonderful person who has
demonstrated her profession-
alism many times. She has
been to survival courses to-
gether with the “wolves” and
“rangers”, and many exercis-
es in Macedonia and abroad.
The doctor, who has changed
her specialization in the new
Military Medical Center where
she will work in the psychiatric
ward, is the pride of the Army
of the Republic of Macedonia
like all of her fellow Macedo-
nian peacekeepers.
Zdravko Rizovski/
Ivan Petrushevski
 UNITED
FOR
HUMANITY
THE ROLE OF THE UN IN REFUGEE PROTECTION
he United Nations (UN) Organiza-
tion was established in San Francis-
co, the USA, on 24 October, 1945.
In addition to its fundamental aim
to maintain peace and security in
the world and seek preventive solution
to the potentially armed conflicts, one
of the more important assignments of
this organization is to take protective
measures and support the great number
of refugees fleeing conflict regions and
areas.
Armed conflicts have been character-
istic for humanity ever since the very
existence of the world. However, in the
early phase of military technology devel-
opment, the wars were waged only on
the battle field, and the civilians were
rather less endangered and didn’t feel
the horrible consequences of the military
conflicts directly. Along with the develop-
ment of technology and the advance of
the military industry, starting from World
War I, and especially in World War II, as
well as the wars waged afterwards,
the civilian population was seriously
threatened by military activities. If the
number of the dead civilians resulting
from the armed conflicts had been minor
compared to the battle field fighters in
World War I, this ratio had rapidly been
changing, and in the armed conflicts fol-
lowing World War I the number of dead
and wounded civilians was much higher
in comparison to the number of soldiers
directly involved in the military activities.
A consequence of the use of sophisticat-
ed technology and the weapons of mass
destruction, in addition to the great num-
ber of civilian casualties, is that a lot of
civilians are forced to leave their homes
in search of salvation.
The UN Refugee Agency
Today, more governmental and non-
governmental organizations deal with
resolving the problems of the refugees
resulting from military conflicts, as well
as with the refugees fleeing certain ar-
eas in case of crisis and immediate com-
bat danger. Directly in charge of this as-
37
 signment is the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), appointed by the Sec-
retary-General of the UN.
The UN Agency for refugees
was founded by the General As-
sembly of the UN in 1950, as a
result of a multiyear effort of the
international community to pro-
vide protection and support the
refugees. This institution has an
assignment to lead and coordi-
nate the measures, activities and
the efforts of the international
community to protect the refu-
gees and to resolve their prob-
lems worldwide. The primary goal
of this UN institution is to pro-
tect the rights of the refugees, to
secure correct behavior towards
them and protect the right to
seek asylum and personal safety
in another state with an option
for a voluntary returne home,
to enable the refugees to stay
in the country where they fled
to or to be relocated to a third
country. Ever since its establish-
ment, in the period of almost 60
years, this Agency of the UN has
helped to more than 50 million
refugees to start a new life.
However, the first attempts to
establish a body for protection
of refugees were in the remote
1921 when in the League of Na-
tions, the former organization of
the UN, the Norwegian scientist
and explorer Fridtjof Nansen was
appointed High Commissioner
for Refugees.
Today, the UN Agency for pro-
tection of refugees is one of the
major world humanitarian orga-
nizations with more than 6 200
employees, engaged in 120 coun-
tries assisting a great number of
people (about 17 million) with a
refugee status. In its almost 60-
year history this UN Agency has
protected and helped more than
50 million people worldwide. This
agency has received two Nobel
Prizes for its successful work,
one in 1954 and in 1981.
The working program of the
Agency for protection of refu-
gees is approved by the Execu-
38
tive Committee composed of cover photo provided the living conditions are
representatives of 64 member- (pg. 37): improved and provided they al-
countries of the UN, meeting From low it, so as to integrate in the
annually in Geneva. Another Horror to country where they had received
working group in this agency is Hopelessness: asylum or to move to third coun-
the Standing Committee which tries.
Kenya’s
assembles a number of times
per year. The High Commissioner Forgotten Wide range of activities
for Refugees as the Head of the Somali The first mandate of the UN
Agency submits a report about Refugee Crisis Refugee Agency right after its
its work to the General Assembly establishment in 1950 was a kind
of the UN once a year. of a three-year program, geo-
graphically limited mainly to Eu-
Refugee Status 1. Refugees rope with an aim to protect the
The refugees, according to the who fled numerous refugees from World
law, are defined as people who the conflict War II. However, in the following
are out of their countries be- in Sudan's years and decades the problem
cause of their fear of repression western with the refugees became more
and endangering of their lives Darfur region
based on their race, religion, na- peek through
tionality, political definition or a hole in
affiliation to some social group a shelter
who can’t or don’t want to come to watch a
back to their homes. The 0N circumcision
Agency for protection of refu- ceremony
gees, as an apolitical and unprof-
at Djabal
itable humanitarian organization,
has two fundamental and closely camp near
related aims-to protect the refu- Gos Beida in
gees and seek ways for them to eastern Chad
continue living in normal condi-
tions. Apart from that, the refu-
gees should be provided with a
complete international protec- 2. Afghan
tion of the basic human rights returnees
and not even a single person walk through
can be returned to their country the rubble of
of origin if they don’t voluntarily their village
agree. The Agency asks every
country of asylum to respect the
rights of the refugees. People
from this agency are engaged on 3. People
different locations, starting from queuing for
the capital of the country where food and
the refugees are staying, in the water outside
camps where the refugees are
Goma
placed which are usually located
near the border zones, in order
to protect the refugees from
violence, including sexual harass-
ment, which very often happen in
the country where the refugees
have received asylum as well.
The Agency is looking for a long-
term solution to the problems of
the refugees and the displaced
with an aim to secure their re-
turn to their country of origin,
complex on global world level. The
Refugee Agency had to be adjusted
to the newly arising conditions and to
increase its capacities and capabilities.
This agency has been transformed from
a relatively small and specialized agen-
cy to a new organization with offices
in 115 countries all over the world with
an annual budget of about one billion
American dollars. Today, the agency’s
main concern is not only the rights of
the refugees, but also the improving of
material living conditions in the refugee
camps and taking steps in providing
conditions for their returne home. But,
in order to return to their homes, the
agency, together and in coordination
with other humanitarian organizations
attempts to provide normal living condi-
tions in the affected regions and directly
engages in restoration of their ruined
homes, schools, roads, bridges, medical
institutions as well as groceries for the
refugees, medical assistance and pro-
tection, other necessities of vital impor-
tance for the civilian population, support
and assistance of certain projects such
as the development of the economy,
culture and education in the affected
regions.
Only in the last fifteen years the Agency
has helped millions of refugees in: Iraq,
Afghanistan, Western Africa, Timor,
Kosovo and Central America and other
regions in the world.
The Agency is financed mostly on vol-
untary basis by the governments of the
member-countries of UN, and also from
other nongovernmental organizations,
corporations and individuals. Moreover,
the Agency receives less than two per-
cent from the UN budget.
Providing assistance
to the internally
displaced people
The Agency mainly engages in protect-
ing those refugees who have left their
fatherland and are situated in another
country. However, naturally, it takes
care of the internally displaced people
who haven’t left their fatherland, but
who live in similar conditions to the ref-
ugees in other countries. It is assumed
that there are 20 to 25 million so called
internally displaced people in the world,
people who have left their homes usu-
ally due to civil wars.
Today, the Agency is helping more than
six million internally displaced people,
however since their number is increas-
ing, the international community is seek-
ing a way to help these people as well.
For that purpose, today the Refugee
Agency closely cooperates with many
other sisterly organizations of the UN,
such as WFP-Word Food Program,
UNICEF-United Nations Children’s
Fund, WHO-World Health Organization,
UNDP- United Nations Development
Program and UNHCHR-United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights,
as well as with many other international
organizations such as the ICRC- Inter-
national Committee of the Red Cross,
the IFRC-International Federation of the
Red Cross, and more than 570 non-gov-
ernmental organization.
According to the security evaluations in
the world, it is assumed that the activi-
ties in the UN Refugee Agency will not
be decreased, since there are still many
crisis regions and potential outbursts
of war that will influence the number of
refugees to go up. It is hard to predict
whether this agency will stay without
an engagement in the more distant fu-
ture, as this seems very unlikely. This
would be a great success in achieving
peace in the entire world.
МA Stojan Dimchov
39
 DOG CARE
SOLDIERS AND THEIR BEST FRIENDS - DOGS - IV
puppy with gentle and soft hair,
like a velvet toy, quickly grows
into a clever young dog with nice
and glossy hair. We should know
that shiny hair does not serve only for
beauty, it also reflects the health of
our four legged friends. In addition to
the necessity of movement, cleanli-
ness and care of the body are a guar-
antee for dog’s longevity.
To remove dust and dirt from the hair
of the dog, we should brush it daily,
or at least once a week, depending on
the type of hair. For long hair dogs,
we need a brush and a comb, for mid-
dle long hair we need a metal brush,
and for short hair we need a brush by
choice.
Dogs are always brushed from
head to tail and from back to stom-
ach. Knots that can not be combed,
should be cut. In spring and autumn,
when the dog changes its hair, for
combing we should use a special
comb, instead of a brush.
Dogs should be rarely bathed because
by bathing the hair loses its moisture,
and dust and dirt are caught on the
dog very quickly. Thorough bathing is
necessary only if the dog is complete-
ly dirty. For bathing use only shampoo
for dogs and never use people prod-
ucts. Shampoos should not enter
the eyes and ears of the dog. After
bathing, it is recommended to dry the
dog with a cloth. When the weather
is good, the dog can walk outside,
40
but in winter we must be cautious be-
cause even though it seems that its
hair is dry, the dog remains sensitive
to cold. In that case, we should wait
a while and only afterwards allow the
dog to go out.
The ears should be inspected once a
week. There are special liquids that are
sprayed into the outer channel when
cleaning the ears. The dog’s sensitive
ears should never be cleaned with a
sticks, water and soap. If the dog of-
ten shakes his head or scratches its
ears, it is necessary to immediately
visit the veterinarian.
Teeth need to be reviewed occa-
sionally. We should look after dental
plaque, especially molars because
dental plaque causes inflammation
and periodontitis. For regular care,
you can purchase teeth cream, also
different types of vitamin sticks, artifi-
cial bones and other items for gnaw-
ing which clean teeth are useful.
If the dog moves enough, its nails are
the proper length and do not need
cutting unlike dogs which are perma-
nently closed. It is often necessary
to clean its paws because there are
a lot of stones, earth, etc. between
his paws. The dog informs about the
presence of a strange object by lick-
ing his paw.
We already said that hair reflects the
health of the dog. The hair shows
whether the dog is fed well and
whether it contains all the necessary
ingredients in the right proportion. If
we feed the dog only with meat, the
hair becomes bristly, loses it shine,
dandruff itching and hair loss occur.
This type of disease is known to vet-
erinarians as “only meat – syndrome”.
Those owners that feed dogs with
food disposals, among other symp-
toms produce changes in the hair.
Dogs should be given food with
proper regard to protein, fats, carbo-
hydrates, mineral salts and vitamins.
If we prepare the food ourselves, we
should look after its contents, and
should take into consideration that
by digestion many nutrients especial-
ly vitamins are lost. The provision of
vitamin and mineral substances in the
meal will provide the necessary nutri-
ents to the dog. Parallel with care and
proper diet, the dog will literally shine
in new splendor.
FEEDING THE PUPPY
Feeding the puppy in the apartment,
even if it is in a box in the yard, is a
very important act in his upbringing.
The dog sees us and our family like a
pack where, of course, there are su-
periors and subordinates in mutual re-
lations, so it is important to place the
dog on the lowest scale of this rela-
tionship. This goes hard with children
who can hardly understand the time
playing with the dog, rest, praise and
punishment and have problems with
the intonation of the commands.
 Instinct for food is the biggest in-
stinct in a dog’s world. It is a re-
flexion of excretion of saliva on the
appearance of the food which is an
unconditioned reflex which can eas-
ily be used to be dominant over the
dog. There are several rules that
must be respected. The dog must
not eat before the owners because
in the pack, leaders eat first, then
lower hierarchical units. While the
owner is eating, the dog should be in
its place. We should not attract the
dog with food, allowing it to come
under the table or climb into the lap
of the owner. If we allow this, it will
cost the owner more money and
nerves because it is difficult to repair
that.
FOOD QUANTITY FOR DOGS WITH DIFFERENT WEIGHT PER DOG PER DAY
Powder or dry plum
Dog’s weight food in gr.
in kg.
Life support
food Growth food
2 80 160
5 150 300
7,5 180 360
10 220 430
15 280 520
25 450 800
35 600 800
50 800 800
When the puppy is being fed, we
must set a specific location where
it will always eat. The dog must not
be brought to the plate and immedi-
ately be given to eat, but it should
be made to sit and wait to be given
the command “eat” or some other
command which the owner himself
will choose for the puppy. To make
the puppy to sit, it is still early to be
forced to sit down with force (e.g.
pressing the hips), for which it is
necessary to use wiliness. How? We
will call the puppy holding the plate
of food in hand and when it comes,
the plate that the puppy smelled will
be raised slowly to vanish from sight
and it will sit. For starters, it is time
to praise the puppy with “Bravo,” Sit
“and give them the food. The plate
should be left for 15 minutes and
no matter how much the dog ate it
should be removed and the puppy
should not be given anything to eat
until the next meal. At the beginning,
the feeding should be done by one
member and then by other family
members, so that the dog learns its
place in the family.
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
When the puppy comes home, physi-
ological needs are the biggest prob-
lems from day one. At the beginning
it is necessary for the puppy to be
taken outside on grass or soil more
frequently in order to acquire the hab-
it. When the puppy will be taken out- needs that. We must follow the pup-
side we will see that it will finish after py and when it is prepared and knelt,
several minute. Then you need to give we should react with strong “no”,
it a little more time to play, and then shake it and immediately take it out.
return home. But what happens lat- If it behaved as we planned, we take
er? The little “genius” will realize that it back home and give it a toy. If this
after relieving itself it is carried back “game of nerves” continues, we must
indoors. Therefore, the time for play be persistent to the end and always
will be prolonged more and more. It do it “our way”. If it happens that the
could be tolerated if we do not work, puppy makes “trouble” at home, we
but imagine how it would be when soak a towel in vinegar and water and
it is raining, when there are high or clean the excrement. The goal is to
low temperatures, or if you are late take the smell off of the place where
for work. To stop this practice, , if we the puppy would return again to do
notice that the puppy is fooling us the same.
by thinking that it has invented the
right formula for endless play, we re- YOUNG PUPPY IN THE STREET
turn it home without any delay, but In city traffic, an inexperienced dog
we must be careful because its body is a great danger, both for the owner
and for other participants. Any neg-
ligence by the owner and his dog
leads to disaster. If our dog leaps in
Tins in gr. the street, the surprised driver will
always instinctively suddenly break,
and may result in a direct frontal or
Life support
food Growth food side collision, which leads to damag-
es and costly repairs and, worse, to
200 400 various injuries to people in the au-
400 800 tomobiles. When the dog comes out
for the first time, it reacts fearfully,
550 1.100 which is very dangerous because it
680 1.300 can be released from the leash with
strong traction, or push the owner,
850 1.600 or get foul up its owners legs. This
1.250 2.200 fright of the dog is innate only in rare
cases. This always happens because
1.600 2.200 of negligence of the puppy in the
2.600 2.600 first 12 weeks of its life, since what
is experienced in that period remains
engraved in the dog’s brain by the
end of its life. Everything that the
puppy has not experienced or has
not come in contact with, may sur-
prise it and cause a panic reaction.
If the puppy grows in a corner of an
apartment on some floor, it cannot
learn to become a good dog.
When the puppy passes the street
with its owner, it should stop and sit.
We should ask that from it from the
first time so that it becomes a habit.
We will do it on the other side of the
street as well, and the order of pass-
ing should be the following:
1. Come to a sidewalk end, then stop
and sit.
2. In the sitting position, at a sound
signal to pass we move together on
the command “come”.
3. We cross the street and again sit,
but with its back turned towards the
traffic for greater safety of the puppy.
4. The puppy sits until the next com-
mand “come.”
This may seem complicated, but
when you try you will see that it is
simple and safe. Of course, if we are
persistent, we will soon be happy
with the collaboration with the young
and temperament puppy. However,
we must constantly observe and act
as by a pattern because the sooner
the puppy learns to pass the street
the quicker it will forget. Therefore,
what was learned should always be
repeated.
Riste Giovski
41
 Sports – ARMY OLYMPIANS
OUR BIATLON COMPETITORS AMONG
THE FIRST ONE HUNDRED IN THE WORLD
ur two Olympians from
the 2nd Mechanized In-
fantry Brigade are finish-
ing their preparations
for the Winter Olympic
Games to be held between 12
and 28 February in Vancouver,
Canada. The professional sol-
diers Darko Damjanovski and
Gorgi Icoski will be part of the
Macedonian National Olympic
Team.
Participating in the Olympic
Games is a success for every
athlete, and only a few get the
opportunity to fulfill this dream.
Darko Damjanovski comes from
the village Mavrovo and he has
been active in cross-country ski-
ing ever since 1996. So far, he
has been awarded many times
for his achievements among
which he modestly mentions
the first place of the Mavrovo
Cup in 2007 and the two second
places at the European Biathlon
Cup.
The 26-year-old, Gorgi Icoski
from Krushevo has been skiing
ever since his early childhood.
His biggest achievements are
third place at the European Bi-
athlon Championship and the
first place in cross-country skiing
on the Balkans. In 2009, at the
very end of his military service,
he won first place in the Interna-
tional Army Cup in Mavrovo.
The Army Olympians were re-
ceived by the Commander of
42
2
the Brigade, Colonel Metodija jkirhen in Germany, the Army
Velichkovski, where they talked World Championship in mara-
about their achievements and thon running in Belgrade, the
the training conditions with NEW YEAR’S CROSS COUN- Regional Skiing competition in
modestly and reservation. TRY COMPETITION Alta Val Pusteria, Italy as well
Prior to their leaving to the Macedonian Army personnel as the regional competition in
Olympic Games, the Brigade completing the sports activities futsal which took place in April in
Headquarters and representa- for this year Belgrade, Serbia. Out of the do-
tives from the Kicevo municipal- On 28 December, last year, a mestic competitions we should
ity organized a small ceremony cross country running competi- mention the Regional ARM Bi-
on this occasion and the rep- tion was held on the bank of athlon Cup which was held on
resentatives from the Mace- the River Vardar. This race was the ski-slopes of the mountain
donian Orthodox Church from the last of the many sports ac- Bistra in Mavrovo, the athletic
the Kichevo Eparchy gave their tivities of the Macedonian Army marathons in Skopje and Ohrid
blessings. This small ceremony personnel for 2009. which were the second regional
is a way of honoring our brave As most significant we would ARM marathon competition.
army Olympians and at the like to mention the international The Macedonian Army also or-
same time an incentive for the cross country competitions in ganized sports activities on the
other representatives from the Lausanne, Switzerland and No- occasion of marking the day of
unit to follow their example.
Both of them will represent the
Republic of Macedonia in the
most military discipline- Biathlon
at the Winter Olympic Games as
members of the Macedonian Ski
Team.
We are all familiar with the fact
that in order to achieve the high-
est results hard work and a lot
of sacrifices are required, how-
ever there are also other pre-
conditions which are no less im-
portant and the country should
provide for the best.
If the necessary training condi-
tions are provided we are most
certain that from the Olympic
Games in Sochi in 2014 they will
return with a medal.
Mice Koteski
the International Military Sports
Council (IMSC), the second
military championship in cross
country running and events or-
ganizes for the Army Day -18
August.
As for the New Year’s Cross
which is taking place for the sec-
ond time and has a potential to
become a traditional competi-
tion, in addition to the competi-
tors from the Macedonian Army,
civilian athletes from the Sport
Clubs” Delta”, SC” 7 May”, SC
”Bezbednost”, SC “SOFKA”, SC
”Magari” and many others par-
ticipated as well. The athletes
competed in 5 000 meters for
women and 10 000 meters for
men. In an exciting and tense
race in women’s competition
the winner was Enisa Tasevska
from SC” 7 May” followed by Kat-
erina Dimovska also from SK” 7
May” and Vesna Kiragieva from
SC” Bezbednost”. In the men’s
competition the first place went
to Aleksandar Kiragiev from SC”
Security” followed by the ath-
letes from SC” SOFKA”, Sasho
Danevski and Stojan Popovski.
Out of the representatives from
the Macedonian Army the most
successful was the profes-
sional soldier Verica Paraskova
from VP 4834/4 from Skopje.
The second and the third place
among the women went to rep-
resentatives from VP 2733 from
Veles, Sergeant Jasna Angelova
and Lieutenant Irena Stojkoska.
In the men’s competition cap-
tain Vase Janakiev from VP
7925/12 from Kumanovo won
first place, the second went to
the professional soldier Igor
Cvetanovski VP 8043/4 and the
third to arrive at the finish line
was captain Igor Jakimovski VP
8043/3 from Skopje.
Before the beginning of the race
the participants were greeted
by the Chief of the General Staff
of the Macedonian Army Lieu-
tenant General Miroslav Sto-
janovski who welcomed them
and wished them a successful
race and even better result in
the next 2010.
Moreover, this competition was
a selective competition for the
ARM members who will partici-
pate in the World Military Com-
petition in cross country which
will take place between 9 and 11
March in Oostende, Belgium.
3
Goran Astargiev
BOWLING TOURNAMENT
The traditional bowling tourna-
ment sponsored by the Logistic
Support Command (LSC) and in
cooperation with the bowling
club BC “18 August-Ading” was
held for the fourth time on 5
January this year in the bowling
club Musandra, in the basement
of the City Shopping Center
(CSC). This event which became
an annual event is among the
first sports events at the level
of the Macedonian Army with a
purpose of recreation and build-
ing sportsmanship of the partici-
pants. Participants with limited
or no experience have the right
to take part in this interesting
sport.
Around 60 participants, both
women and men participated
on the event. The criteria for
both men and women were the
same. 15 bowling balls were
thrown twice meaning there
were a total of 30 throws in
each lane. The total number of
collected pins was the criteria
for determining the best scores.
The event was successful
thanks to the BC “18 August-Ad-
ing” and the trainers who were
ready to assist the participants
and explain the rules of the
game whenever necessary.
During the five hours of compe-
tition there was music, taking,
picture taking and of course at
the end awards for some of the
participants. Among the men
the first place went to Labinot
Nebiu from the LSC for the sec-
ond time, Ljupco Spasovski also
from LSC was second and the
third place went to Kamenko
Avramovski.
There were no surprises in the
women’s competition and as
the previous time the first place
went to Marija Pelikon from the
Honours Battalion, while Elena
N. Simonovska won second
place and Violeta Lazarovska
third place both from the LSC.
We should also mention the
award given to Biljana Si-
monovska from the Logistic
Battalion for the most promis-
ing result. At the end we would
like to express our gratitude for
the excellent organization of
this event and invite everyone
interested in this sport to take
part next year.
4
Lj.Ј.
Tenth round of
the Mountain Running
League
The tenth round of the moun-
tain running league was the
last sports competition held
last year. Early in the morning in
front of the Ministry of Defence
building about 14 competitors
gathered and were transported
to the recreation site Matka
where the race was to start at
09:30. The participants ran 15
kilometers ending the race at
Sredno Vodno. Zoran Dimov
from the Sport Club “Izgrev”
was the first to cross the fin-
ish line at 11.00. The second
was Jovica Ristovski at 11:09
from SC” Delta” from Skopje
and third was Ivan Ristov from
SC” Kochani” from Kochani. The
fourth and the fifth place went
to Vase Janakievski and Dobre
Kuzmanovski, both from the
mountain sports club “18 Au-
gust “from Skopje and the sixth
place was won by Srgan Milo-
shevski from AK” Izgrev” from
Veles. The seventh, eight, ninth
and tenth place went to the
members of MSC” 18 August”,
Branislav Jargich, Jasna Angelo-
va, Blaze Ristov and Marija Sto-
jcevska. Vesna Kiragieva from
SC” Bezbednost” arrived as the
eleventh and in twelfth place
was Aneta Bozinovska from
MSC”Kitka” from Skopje. Mile
Milcev from SC“Tranferzalec”
from Skopje was thirteenth and
Boro Ilievski from Sveti Nikole
was fourteenth.
At 12:30 the winners received
symbolical prizes for their
achievements and the names of
the winners of the entire round
were announced. The winning
team for 2009 was SC”18 Au-
gust” from Skopje, second place
went to SC” Izgrev” from Veles
and third place went to SC” Del-
ta” from Skopje. The first place
in men’s competition went to
Srgan Miloshevski with a total
of 484 points in ten competi-
tions, second was Dobre Kuz-
manovski from MSC “18 August”
from Skopje with 421 point and
third place went to Vase Janaki-
ev from the same club with 421
points. The Macedonian champi-
on for 2009 in women’s compe-
tition was Jasna Angelova from
“18 August” , 16 year old Matija
Stojcevska from the same club
won third place and Vesna Ki-
ragieva from SC”Bezbednost”
from Skopje was second.
As a reminder, the first round
of the mountain running league
took place on 8 March, starting
from the Elementary School
“Koco Racin”- the peak of Vodno
and the finish line was at Sred-
no Vodno. The second round
was from the village Skocivir
to the mountain Nige, the third
from the village of Papradishte
to Veles, the fourth Tajmishte
–Kichevo, the fifth Karagica-
Dracevo, the sixth Plackovica
–Shtip, the seventh on Slavej
Planina, the eighth on Shar
Planina and the tenth from Tres-
kavec to Prilep.
The Macedonian Team that will
represent our country at the
Second Balkan Championship
in mountain running in Teteven,
the Republic of Bulgaria was
comprised from the above-men-
tioned competitors. This team
also participated in the 25th
Word Championships in Italy
where they came last in all dis-
ciplines. Unlike the other World
Championships where this dis-
ciplines have longer traditions,
the mountain running league in
Macedonia has been held only
five times.
Sinisha Aleksovski
43
 THE MACEDONIAN ROOM
A synonym for recognizing the ARM “scorpions”
n the military barracks “Jane Sandan-
ski” in Shtip there is a beautifully dec-
orated part in traditional Macedonian
style with elements of our everyday
life from the past as well as from the
present, and that is the famous “Macedo-
nian room”. That is an additional segment
that gives it dimension and makes the
First Mechanized Infantry Brigade recog-
nizable in nurturing our rich tradition.
In its wealth of vast cultural heritage, the
citizens of the Republic of Macedonia have
created and developed a rarely surpassed
rich material and spiritual culture in the form
of music, dance, folk embroidering, archi-
tecture and such. The people through the
centuries have passed on the gained skills
in the area of folklore and architecture.
There are samples of the traditional work
of the national entities from different re-
gions of our country in the “Macedonian
room”. In the modeling and gathering of
the attractive and completely prepared
collections of the most interesting works,
in addition to the “scorpions”, there was
a great number of volunteers from the ci-
vilian structures and citizens, who unself-
ishly donated a part of their own cultural
family heritage. The exhibited artifacts
which were formed through decades
and centuries, created by skillful hands,
product of the homeland speak about the
collected rich cultural heritage that left a
mark through the centuries in that room.
A special expression and mark of the dis-
played artifacts is also given by the deco-
rative folk embroiderings, which specifics
can be seen in extremely complex forms
44
and lively colors.
The look of the “Macedonian room” itself
portrays the traditional look of the rooms
in the Macedonian houses with no regards
to the location. What is specific is the mak-
ing of all the tools for agriculture and farm-
ing, which are basic branches of our region.
There are also the tools for home use of
wool and carpets, all the clay and metal
pots which were used in our kitchens, our
structures of the already brought drinking
water, like the well - build on stone base,
wooden roof and clay roof tile. Thus, we
can say that the architecture as well has
a special characteristics in the Macedonian
works. Most characteristic were porches,
gateways, wooden fences and fences
build out of stone, tiles out of dried clay,
wooden eaves or, in general, the great use
of the wood and the stone as a basic ele-
ment in the Macedonian architecture. That
is why today the Macedonian folklore and
architecture are considered to be one of
the richest in the world, and we should
preserve that and pass the tradition on to
our future generations.
The greatness and the meaning of the
“Macedonian room” by itself is demon-
strated by the visits of high military in-
ternational and state delegations, by rep-
resentatives of the civilian structures and
authorities from the zone of responsibility
and beyond. It is used for working meet-
ings on several levels, and its openness
has made it attractive for classes for the
pupils of the elementary schools, in pre-
paring project activities of the students of
the Faculty of Tourism and Management
in Shtip, in organizing performances for
the needs of the Macedonian-Croatian
association, as well as other ceremonies
and activities.
“The Macedonian room” represents the
brigade, the Army of the Republic of
Macedonia and the region as a devel-
oped cultural environment, and thus, a
humble contribution is made in preserving
of a part of our rich cultural heritage from
oblivion, and the military barracks “Jane
Sandanski” has gained its reputation,
fame and in the army circles it is known
as an example of openness, cooperation
and transparency to the public. Simply,
“The Macedonian room” is a synonym for
recognizing the “scorpions” of the ARM.
Zoran Janakievski

SURVIVAL FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
an needs food rich in protein, there-
fore, whenever there is lack of pro-
tein rich food from domestic animals,
wild animals such as fish, game birds
and game (hare, doe, deer, chamois,
wild boar, etc.) need to be provided. Other
wild animals that can be used by man un-
less the previously mentioned animals are
unavailable, are, wolves, foxes, badgers,
snails, frogs, snakes, grasshoppers, ant lar-
vae, etc. Game meat is cooked in the same
way as meat from domestic animals. Be-
fore consuming, you need to make sure
that the food is well boiled, grilled, or fried,
in order to eliminate the possible parasites.
FISH
There is a substantial variety of fish in natu-
ral watercourses (rivers and streams) and
lakes in Macedonia. Fishing is not easy, es-
pecially if the person who is fishing is not
a fisherman or they need to improvise the
fishing rod. In case of improvising, the fol-
lowing rules should be kept in mind.
The best time for fishing depends on the
type of fish; nevertheless, usually the best
time for fishing is at dawn or dusk, right be-
fore it rains, and at moonlit night.
The fishing place depends on the type of
water and the period of day. The best fish-
ing places are: fast rivers and streams at
midday, deep rivers at nightfall, rapids and
next to the shades in the rivers made of
branches hanging over rivers, at the crack
of dawn. In the lakes, the best fishing place
in the summer heat is in the bigger depths
where the water is cooler; moreover, in the
evening and in the morning, you should
fish by the shore because the fish eats in
the shallow waters. In spring and autumn,
fishing is good by the shore of the lakes
WILD
ANIMALS
because at that time, the fish looks for
warm water.
According to the rule, fish eat bait that
originates from the fish environment,
therefore, crayfish, spawn or small fish
can be collected by the shore and worms
and insects can be collected on the shore.
The stomach of the fish, which has been
caught, should be examined, in order to
see what it has eaten, and consequently,
such food should be used as bait. In case
of lack of bait, the entrails of the fish or the
eyes of the fish can be used as bait. When
worms are used as baits the top of the
worm should be out of the hook (it should
be put loosely), on the other hand, when
small fish are used as bait, they need to
be firmly pierced along the spine, so that
the spine should be intact. The artificial
baits should be made of brightly colored
peace of cloth, feathers, or shiny metal, cut
in the shape of a fish or insect. Whenever
artificial bait is used, a fisherman should be
careful to make it as close to a natural one
as possible, moreover, he should pull the
bait slowly imitating the movements of
natural bait.
BIRDS
All bird flesh and eggs are edible. Catch-
ing birds is not easy because they have
an excellent hearing and sight, therefore,
they can sense human presence and fly
away. In the period of laying eggs birds
are less afraid of people, thus, at that time,
in spring and summer, they are easier to be
caught. If you follow the direction of flight
of grown up birds, you can easily find the
nests with nestlings. Birds are hunted with
a gun or improvised traps.
GAME
Game hunting is not easy either. Their
sense of sight, hearing and smell is very
keen so it can sense human presence very
easily. First, it is important to track the trail
the animal used (footprints or feces) and
places it drank water or had meals. In the
immediate vicinity of these places, a trap
should be placed opposite the wind, so
that the animal cannot smell the pres-
ence of the hunter. The hunter needs to
wait patiently, sometimes even for hours,
and while waiting, they need to be quiet,
especially when the game approaches.
Furthermore, they need to be motionless
until they have a clear shot or until the
game is trapped, then they need to re-
act. If the hunter creeps up on the game,
they have to move in the direction of the
wind, slowly and quietly, while the game is
45

eating, drinking water or looking in
the opposite direction. Whenever
the game looks at their direction
they have to stop immediately.
The best time for hunting is early in
the morning or before nightfall. Big
game need to be shot in the neck,
chest or head. A wounded animal
runs away, therefore, its bloody trail
needs to be followed. If it is heavily
wounded, it will lie down, and un-
less it senses that it is followed, it
will not be able to get up and run
away due to profuse blood loss.
The game can be hunted with im-
provised traps.
OTHER TYPES OF ANIMALS
Snails are widespread all over
Macedonia, including the areas in
the high mountains. It wakes up
in early spring after winter hiberna-
tion and comes out on rainy days
of early spring. It is difficult to find
in the summer and in the period of
drought. The best places to look for
snails are cool and wet ones, and
the best time is in the early morn-
ing. The only edible part of the snail
is the foot, which can be removed
by putting it in scalding water or
ember. It can be grilled, roasted in
oil, or put in a stew. Prior to cook-
ing, the slime should be removed
by rinsing it a few times with water.
Toads live in or by water and have
long back legs for jumping. It can
be caught with a small net or a
fish hook on which a red cloth is
attached. The best time for hunt-
46
ing is at night with a special light (a 1. BIRDS CAN
lamp). The back legs of the toad are BE HUNTED
edible, as well as the body and the WITH A
front legs which can be made into a GUN OR AN
delicious stew. IMPROVISED
Green lizards are the biggest and TRAPS
a most striking lizards which can be
easily noticed as can grow up to 2. HUNTING
40 cm. It is very fast and it lives in WILDLIFE IS
sunny dry places, by thorn bushes, NEVER EASY
bushes, rocks, fences and roads.
It lives in mountainous regions as 3. SNAIL’S
well as in plains all over Macedonia. FOOT: A
The lizard can be caught by hitting GOOD MEAL
it with a long elastic pole or a small
noose attached to the end of a long
pole and carefully putting it around
its neck and swiftly tightening. Its
They can be caught by hitting with
a sling shot or pressing behind the
head and killed immediately. The
meat is very tasty for eating and
they can be grilled, fried or boiled.
Grass snake (water snake). This is
the most widespread non-venom-
ous type of snake in Macedonia
which lives by swamps, lakes, and
rivers, as well as by fast moun-
tain streams. It can be 1.5 meters
long, with green-grayish or dark
gray skin. It is a very skittish animal
which releases an unpleasant odor
in self defense. After stripping the
skin, the meat can be very tasty. It
is very difficult to catch it because it
is an excellent swimmer and it can
move pretty fast. Its favorite hiding
places are the reedy river banks,
flesh is very tasty, but prior to being 4. Toads CAN
eaten, it should be stripped off its BE EASILY
skin, after which it can be grilled or HUNTED
boiled. Edible parts of the lizard are AT NIGHT
the entrails and the head. WITH A
Tortoises live in dry and rocky re- FLASHLIGHT
gions of plains, hills and mountains
of up to 1000 m altitude. It is caught 5. SNAKES
from spring till early autumn. It is ARE FULL
easily caught because it is very slow. OF nutRIT-
Its meat is very tasty, but in order to MENTS
eat it, it has to be separated from its
hard shell at the joints. 6. THE
Snake. All types of snakes in Mace- TURTLE’S
donia are edible and their meat is MEAT IS
nutritious. QUITE TASTY
The most common types of snakes
in Macedonia are: 7. ALL KINDS
Boa. This type of snake is wide- OF grASS-
spread in Macedonia. Some of HOPPERS
them can grow up to 2 meters KNOWN IN
long. It can be easily caught, with
MACEDONIA
bare hands or sling shot as it is ARE EATABLE
harmless, non-venomous, never-
theless one should be careful when
catching it because it can wrap
around the opponent and smother
it. Its meat is very tasty and after
stripping off the skin it can be grilled
on ember or boiled.
Horned viper, adder. These types
of snakes are very venomous and
they live in dry and rocky regions
of Macedonia, where the sun con-
stantly shines as they love sun.
They rest during the day and hunt
at night. In summer, they can ap-
pear by streams and by the sides
of rocky mountain streams. They
can climb trees and it is easy to
catch them as they are very slow.
scirpus, under rocks and roots of trees.
The venomous snakes are different from
non-venomous ones in many ways, for in-
stance, venomous snakes are not longer
than 90 cm, and they are fat and ponder-
ous. The horned viper and adder have a
short tail, and their triangular heads are
separated from the body. Non-venomous
snakes are thin and long, therefore they
are agile and fast. Before preparing food
with snake meat, strip the skin, take the
entrails out, and cut the head. The meat
needs to be washed and cut, and then it
can be grilled or boiled.
Wood ants live in coniferous woods and
mixed forests, in ant-hills which can be up
to 1 m high. In spring and summer there
are larvae in the ant-hills, called ant eggs.
The easiest way to collect larvae is to take
out in the sun a part of the ant-hill together
with the ants, and put it in a box with small
holes made on its bottom. In order to pro-
tect the larvae from the sun, the ants put
the larvae in the shade, in this case - in the
box. In this way, there will be a big amount
of larvae at the bottom of the box. The lar-
vae are very nutritious and tasty. They can
be fried in oil or animal fat. Ants are fully
protected by law, and it can be eaten only
in extreme situations, such as, in wartime.
Grasshoppers. All types of grasshoppers
are widespread all over Macedonia, espe-
cially the big ones. When fried, they are
nutritious and tasty.
IMPROVISED FISHING
Improvised fishing is done in several ways:
Hand gathering. Gathering fish by hand is
done in the fast mountain streams. Trout is
caught under big stones and holed up plac-
es at the sides of the stream. At the eaves
(holed up places at the sides of the streams)
of mid flow of the mountain streams, bar-
bell and chub can be gathered by hand un-
der the stones. The fisherman should move
upstream. When they sense the fish in their
hands, they have to move their hands along
the body of the fish, and if it is calm they
should grab it quickly at its gills.
Redirecting of streams. The flow of a
stream could be redirected at a convenient
place by throwing stones, dirt or something
else. A part of the stream is emptied; there-
fore the fish stays on dry land or gathers in
small pools where it is easy to catch.
“Poisoning” with mullein. In spring and
in autumn, when the level of the water is
low, the fish can be successfully caught
with the plant called mullein. The plant is
picked with its flowers and crushed with a
smooth stone on the side of the stream.
The smashed plant is put in the stream and
the water becomes white and foamy. In this
way, the fish is disoriented and comes out
on the surface and it is easy to catch.
Fishing with wicker baskets. Different
types of wicker baskets can be used (Im-
age 1.), which are usually made by willow
branches, in order to get fish easily. This is
a primitive tool which everybody can make,
and once the fish is in, it cannot get out.
The baskets are put downstream in the
river or in a lake where the water flows
out, or in places where you think the fish
swims. If it is a small stream the basket
can be put along the whole width, so the
fish has to get in the basket.
IMPROVISED HUNTING
OF BIRDS AND GAME
These are general rules which should be fol-
lowed when improvising the hunt of game:
– the animal trails would tell whether there
is game, the game species, its hiding
place, its movement, its food, and where
it drinks water;
– before hunting the game, a decision
should be made concerning: the species
of the game which would be hunted, the
best places, the best hunting tools, and
the best bait;
– the traps should be set at the entrance of
the den, on narrow passageways where
fresh trails can be seen and around the
feeding places. If carnivores need to be
caught, then the traps should be set
where cattle have been slaughtered
before, or the entrails of other animals
should be used as bait;
– game can be driven out of the den with
smoke and traps set at the entrance of
the den;
– rodents hiding in the burrows can be
forced out by putting water in them, and
caught at the entrance by hand or by
noose;
– hares and other rodents are easy to hunt
because they have habits and limited
area of movement;
– the game traps should be set in the eve-
ning and checked in the morning because
animals look for food in the evening, at
night, and early in the morning.
Improvised tools
for hunting game
Nooses are traps made of wire, rope or
entwined horse hairs. It is used for hunt-
ing birds and game. The size of the noose
should be big enough to slip the head of the
animal but not the whole body. It tightens
at one end of the rope and the loose end of
the rope should be held tightly by hand or
tied to a tree, or a sharp pole dug into the
ground so as to prevent the trapped animal
to escape.
Noose on a stick is used to hunt green liz-
ard and birds, by skillful creeping on to the
animal, carefully putting it over its head and
swiftly tightening it.
Noose for rodents is set at the exit of the
burrow and the other end is tied to a pole
which is placed by the hole. In order to catch
hares, the noose is set by hay stacks or a
fence opening where the hare could pass
on his way while looking for food. In order
to catch doe, the noose is set on narrow
passageways of the trails.
Fixed noose is made of hardwire tied to
a tree trunk or a sharp pole buried in the
ground and set on the trails where the
game moves.
Hanging noose is made in different ways
so that one end of it is tied to a bent
branch and the other end of the rope
is tied to a fixed mechanism. When the
game touches the noose or puts its head
through the noose, the trap is set loose,
and then it tightens around the game and
lifts it into the air.
Nets for game are 50 m long, entwined
with rope or nylon, and are set on places
where there are a lot of hares. While some
are looking for food in the area others will
get into the net. The doe is hunted in the
same way, but the hunt is more successful
in the woods than in the open area.
Improvised bird hunting
Hunting by hand is done by sitting in the
ambush next to a tree or another place
where bird nests can be seen and wait-
ing for the bird to come back to its nest to
sleep. When it is dark you point light from
a torch towards the bird and catch it with
bare hands.
Noose is very convenient for catching
birds. How, when and where to set the
noose and the type of noose, depends on
the routine of the birds which are hunted.
Bird traps can be made in many different
ways:
а) You can dig out a shallow pit in the
shape of a funnel, and put some seeds or
other bait for birds. You put a flat stone
over the pit supported by 3 small branches
leaned on a plank placed on a heavy stone.
Instead of using a stone you can use a
plank or a wicker basket pressed with a
stone.
b) You can dig out a deep pit, where you
put bird seed or other bird food. The low
end of the pole, which supports the stone,
is tied, and the stone will fall as soon as the
bird touches the food.
c) A net for catching birds can be made of
a rectangular frame or a bent branch on
which you can put a net. One end of the net
is tied to small pickets which are placed in
the ground, and the other end is supported
by a branch, tied with a cord. The other end
of the cord is held by the concealed hunter,
who pulls the cord and closes the net when
the birds are at the trap.
d) A paper cone can be covered with
mistletoe glue from the inside. The glue is
made from the fruit of the mistletoe, re-
sembling white berries, they are crushed
and boiled. The mixture is kneaded until it
becomes smooth and thick, then it is used
to cover the paper cone from the inside.
You can put a few grains of corn in the pa-
per cone and spread a few grains of corn
on the ground around the paper cone. This
is the easiest way to catch birds from the
crow family. When the bird tries to take a
grain, the beak sticks to the paper cone
and it covers the bird’s eyes, causing it
to fly hectically making it is easy to catch.
Instead of a paper cone this kind of glue
can also be applied to sticks or branches,
placed on a clearing or a quiet place where
the birds would come and get stuck.
e) Hooks. You can put a grain of corn or a
worm on a hook and tie it to a fishing line
or any other cord. In this way you can en-
tice and catch doves, wild ducks, partridges,
crows and pheasants. The hooks can be tied
on a hoop which floats on the surface of the
water. The hoop should be tied to a stone
or a small log. When the duck is caught on
the fishing line, it pulls the stone which falls
in the water and drowns the duck.
Igor Jovanov
47
 FEAR OF
THE UNKNOWN
Retrospective – the accident of the American Three Mile
ecember, 1951. Idaho, USA. Four
light bulbs illuminate the room and
for the first time the source of the
electricity was nuclear fusion. Un-
til then uranium was considered to be
an element of lesser importance, and
it was used for colouring porcelain and
glass. After this its value changed sig-
nificantly.
A relatively new Nuclear Generating
Station – TMI-2 (Metropolitan Edison
company was operating the plant) built
on an island called Three Mile, in the vi-
cinity of Middletown and Harrisburg in
Pennsylvania, soon became notorious.
It will be remembered as the plant were
the most significant accident in the his-
48
tory of the American nuclear power gen-
erating industry happened.
THE NIGHTMARE BEGINS – DAY 1
The dreadful event happened on 28
March, 1979, at 03:58. A routine clean-
ing of one of the filters in the non-nucle-
ar secondary system of the plant, with
compressed air, caused a small amount
of water to enter the secondary cooling
system. This small amount of water was
registered by the computer as a poten-
tially hazardous, causing the pressure in
the valves and the pumps to increase to
a critical level, and thus endanger the en-
ergy production.
In order to explain the reasons for the ac-
cident, I will briefly explain the process
of generating energy in a nuclear plant.
Basically it is a very simple concept.
There are three major water/steam
loops (systems) in most pressurized
water reactors: the primary loop, the
secondary loop, and the condenser
feedwater (cooling tower) loop. The pri-
mary loop runs through the reactor. It
consists of purified, demineralized wa-
ter to which a small, variable amount
of boron has been added for reactivity
control. It is the primary thermal energy
transport loop of the thermal neutron
fission heat energy. The primary loop
runs at a temperature far higher than
the boiling point of water at standard
 spins a turbine that is connected
to the electrical generator. Once
its energy has been expended,
the steam flows through a con-
denser, which is another type of
heat exchanger that changes the
steam back to feedwater.
The sound of the alarm at 04:00
was nothing new for the opera-
tors of the night shift but they
could have never imagined the
events that followed.

COOLING SYSTEM
After the small amount of water
was detected the computer shut
down the pumps in the conden-
sate polishing system and the
main feedwater pumps. This au-
tomatically triggered the turbine
to stop working and the reactor
to scram: control rods were in-
serted into the core and fission
ceased. But the reactor contin-
ued to generate decay heat, and
because water was no longer
flowing through the secondary
loop, the steam generators no
longer removed that heat from
the reactor. Once the primary
feed water pump system failed,
three auxiliary pumps activated
automatically. However, because
the valves had been closed for
routine maintenance, the system
was unable to pump any water.
Due to the loss of heat removal
from the primary loop and the
failure of the auxiliary system to
activate, the primary side pres-
sure began to increase, trigger-
ing the pilot-operated relief valve
(PORV) to open automatically.
The PORV should have closed
again when the excess pressure
had been released and electric
power to the solenoid of the pi-
lot was automatically cut, but in-
stead the main relief valve stuck
open due to a mechanical fault.
The open valve permitted cool-
ant water to escape from the
primary system, and was the
principal mechanical cause of the
crisis that followed. The situation
Nuclear Power Plant became even more complicated
because the instruments were
designed to measure the level of
water in the core, solely by the
level in the pressurizer. Since it
was high, they assumed that the
core was properly covered with
coolant, unaware that because
of the voids forming in the reac-
tor vessel, the indicator provided
false reading. This was a key
contributor to the initial failure
to recognize the accident as a
loss of coolant accident, and led
operators to turn off the emer-
gency core cooling pumps, which
had automatically started after
the initial pressure decrease, due
to fears the system was being
overfilled.
At that moment the core tem-
perature was above 1000 °C.
CHINESE SYNDROM–AVOIDED
The possibility of core melting
was becoming reality. The shift
change in the control room no-
ticed that around 120 m³ of cool-
ant had already leaked from the
primary loop and the core temper-
ature had reached- 2200°C which
is 500 degrees less than the
critical temperature which would
cause the cataclysmic “Chinese
Syndrome”. According to “Chi-
nese Syndrome” hypothesis the
melted core would also melt the
protective sphere around it and

atmospheric pressure, and if this 1. THE FRONT

primary loop water is lost, neu- PAGE OF
tron moderation will stop and THE “TIME”
self sustaining fission in the re- MAGAZINE,
actor core will be halted. This is DESCRIBING
not desirable under operating (or THE ACCIDENT
AT TMI-2
recently shutdown) conditions,
since decay heat alone is suffi- 2. THE
cient to melt the fuel. The second- PRESIDENT
ary loop resembles the steam cy- OF THE USA,
cle in a conventional power plant. JIMMY CARTER,
The feedwater pump moves cool VISITING THE
water into the steam generator, DAMAGED
a heat exchanger which uses NUCLEAR
heat from the primary loop to REACTOR
boil the water in the secondary
loop. The resulting steam then

49
 the core will sink due to gravity, boring a
hole into the ground creating radioactive
geysers around the nuclear plant. If this
kind of nuclear catastrophe had occurred
it is supposed that around 40.000 peo-
ple in the area around the plant would be
exposed to extreme radiation.
A few hours after the accident the situ-
ation in the control room became even
tenser – there was another alarm. The
radiation levels in the primary coolant
water were around 300 times expect-
ed levels, and the plant was seriously
contaminated. The plant supervisor,
Gerry Miller declared General State of
Emergency and the WKBO radio stated
broadcasting news about the further
development of the situation.
The most important event happened at
07:30 when after numerous attempts the
operators finally got in touch with the de-
signers of the reactor. Their reaction was:
“Forget about going solid. Get water to
the reactor”. The primary loop pumps were
turned on once again, and the core tem-
perature began to fall and the pressure
was stabilized. Catastrophe was avoided.
THE PUBLIC FINDS OUT – 08:33h
After the announcement of the general
state of emergency, there were many
contradictory statements made by the
officials. Namely lieutenant governor
William W. Scranton held a press con-
ference at which he stated that there
was a small release of radiation and no
increase in normal radiation levels had
been detected. This was contradicted
by statements from Met Ed, the TMI
operator, who claimed that no radiation
had been released. Metropolitan Edison
notified the Pennsylvania Emergency
Management Agency (PEMA), as well
as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC). After receiving word of the acci-
dent from Met Ed, the NRC had activat-
ed its emergency response headquar-
ters in Bethesda, Maryland and sent
staff members to Three Mile Island.
THE NEXT DAY
After 24 hours since the beginning of the
accident the operators could still not fully
determine the core damage, although
50
they speculated that some of the urani-
um rods were broken and thus radioactiv-
ity was released to the reactor coolant of
the primary loop. To determine the level
of radiation of the water in the primary
loop it was necessary for someone from
the staff to enter the containment build-
ing and to obtain a sample of primary
loop water. Ed Hauser was the one who
took over the risk and was the first one to
see the devastating state of the reactor.
The water sample was light green and it
was vibrating. It emitted a radioactivity
of 1250 rems -lethal enough if being ex-
posed to it more than half an hour.
When this information reached the op-
erators in the control room it was clear
enough that their presumptions were
incorrect and that the reactor was in a
much worse state than predicted. An-
other problem was the radioactive water
gathered in the basement of the plant
that created radioactive gases. Aware of
the danger the operatives gave an order
the gasses to be vented into the atmo-
sphere gradually.
BLACK FRIDAY
On the third day following the accident,
there were some terrifying announce-
ments. The first one was made early in
the morning when the Governor Richard
Thornburgh, ordered evacuation of the
inhabitants who lived nearest to the
plant. He also advised the evacuation
of pregnant women and pre-school age
children within eight-kilometer radius of
the Three Mile Island facility. The state
of the core, at that time, was still poten-
tially hazardous- the radioactive steams
were still being vented into the atmo-
sphere and the core temperature was
critical and there was a possibility the
protective layer around the core to melt.
The second event that was announced
made the local authorities to think about
evacuating the whole population within
wider radius of the plant. NCR engineer
Roger Manson, using computer data,
discovered a hydrogen bubble in the
dome of the pressure vessel. The reason
for this was the burning of the nuclear
fuel rod cladding which released hydro-
gen gas. According to his calculations
an amount of oxygen could cause the
hydrogen bubble to explode and lead
to large scale release of radiation into
the atmosphere. Fortunately, it was
determined that there was no oxygen
present in the pressure vessel. Imme-
diate steps were taken to reduce the
hydrogen bubble, and by the following
day it was significantly smaller.
THE EFFECT OVER
THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
The Three Mile Island accident was a
significant turning point in the global
development of nuclear power. From
1963 to 1979, the number of reactors
under construction globally increased
every year except 1971 and 1978. How-
ever, following the event, the number
of reactors under construction declined
every year from 1980 to 1998. Many
similar (TMI-2) Babcock and Wilcox reac-
tors on order were canceled. The 1979
TMI accident did not, however, initiate
the demise of the U.S. nuclear power in-
dustry. At the time of the TMI incident,
129 nuclear power plants had been ap-
proved; of those, only 53 (which were
not already operating) were completed.
Federal requirements became more
stringent, local opposition became
more strident, and construction times
were significantly lengthened.
TODAY
Three Mile Island currently uses only
one nuclear generating station, TMI-1. Al-
D ECONTAM I NAT I ON
July 1980 – 1591 TBq (Tera Becquerel
– SI radioactive unit) krypton were re­
lea­sed from the reactor building and
people entered for the first time
July 1984 – The reactor vessel head
(top) was removed.
October 1985 – Defueling of TMI-2
began (completed in January 1990).
January 1991 – The evaporation
of accident-generated water began
(completed in August 1993)
December 1993 – TMI-2 Post-De­
fueling Monitoring Storage began.
though the citizens of the three coun-
ties surrounding the site voted by a
margin of 3:1 to permanently retire
Unit 1, it was permitted to resume op-
erations in 1985 (the permit stands till
2034). On the other hand, TMI-2 has
not been used since the accident and
it is in Post Defueling Monitored Stor-
age. Today, the TMI-2 reactor is perma-
nently shut down and defueled, with
the reactor coolant system drained,
the radioactive water decontaminated
and evaporated, reactor fuel and core
debris shipped off-site to a Department
of Energy.
Ivan Petrushevski
CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES
IN PLANNING
COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS – VI
fter the conventional and un-
conventional approach of strat-
egy building has been resolved, the
topic of our interest in this edition
of “Shtit” will be the strategy ele-
ments. Future warriors engaged in plan-
ning and conducting counterinsurgency
operations (further as COIN ops) should
bear in mind that the appropriate COIN
strategy should consist of several ele-
ments. The form of the strategy and,
as previously mentioned, the success
of the COIN depends on the setting
and application of these elements. On
the other hand, blind clinging to the el-
ements which have proven well in the
past is good, but not good enough for
success. The complete success requires
a creative imagination for understanding
the complex image in theatre for which
the COIN has been designed, and after-
wards apply modern elements in building
the strategy which will direct COIN to-
wards success. The question that needs
to be answered now is: Which are the
elements of a successful COIN strategy?
Main elements and
approach in conducting COIN
At the outset, it should be underlined
that the leader and the planners of the
COIN strategy, should fully be aware of
the fact that these operations cannot
be immediately resolved, so they have
COIN
to bear in mind that a pure military so-
lution o the problem, especially during
COIN, is lethal in the achieving of a final
success.
Direct approach. The goal of this ap-
proach is to secure the population and
create conditions for isolating the insur-
gents. According to the language of the
operators this means that offensive
warfare activities have been conducted
on the spot in order to create condi-
tions for area domination. These offen-
sive warfare activities include tactical
warfare actions such as: ambush, raid,
hasty check points, force demonstra-
tion etc. Nevertheless, isolating the in-
surgents from the population, with the
51
 exception of operations aimed
at “creating a discomfort zone”,
the insurgents have to include
defensive warfare activities.
The aim of these operations in
this phase is to support the idea
of isolating the insurgents by
providing areas and directions.
The colour of these operations is
“defensive”.
Tactical warfare actions enabling
the activities in this area are, for
example: patrolling to show pres-
ence and terrain reconnaissance,
setting up check points (not hasty
but mobile and permanent) etc.
However, the indirect approach
is necessary at this stage for a
viding medical assistance to
the local population, assisting in
building schools, roads, bridges
or other facilities important for
the locals, holding meetings
with the local leaders in order
to allocate the centers of grav-
ity in the area and first-hand
information about the needs of
the locals etc. These activities
are accomplished by conducting
tactical warfare actions (in this
context considered as warfare
actions) which include medical
assistance, logistic support, en-
gineering activities, psychologi-
cal operations, mil-civilian rela-
tions operations etc.
In order to achieve these activi-
ties and take over the initiative,
in context of enemy isolation
(insurgents), regardless of the
approach (direct or indirect),
there is a need of establishing
information transmission knots.
These knots should provide the
delivery of the message to the
locals concerning the activities of
the COIN (regardless of whether
the COIN are conducted sepa-
rately, as a support to the main
warfare activities or as leading
operations which include both
offensive and defensive warfare
activities, which on the other
hand depends on the overall idea
of the operational design). The
knots whose aim is delivering the
complete initiative takeover as
well as creating conditions for
winning over the neutral ele-
ment and having them on our
side (this implies the local popu-
lation). In this stage the indirect
approach is still not dominant.
This approach means that from
the strategic point of view the
following approaches are con-
ducted: building the capacity
of the local population, the lo-
cal security forces - army and
police (in case of international
military operations) etc. The
accomplishment of these ini-
tiatives becomes operational
through activities such as: pro-
52
message can be mobile or fixed,
physical or cognitive.
The mobile “knots” for informa-
tion transmission are usually or-
ganized by the Macedonian Army
and in a case of international mili-
tary operations, by the host na-
tion security, or as a combination
of both. The same refers to the
fixed knots.
The fixed knots are usually fa-
cilities where you can go and get
the information, or where the
information is provided (for ex-
ample the media).
In this sense both mobile and
fixed knots can be cognitive.
This physically means there is a
way for information transmission
(public-address system, printed
1.the war- or electronic media). The cogni-
riors of tive knot is far more complex and
the future” requires more serious approach
should be by the leaders and planners. This
the ones to
is due to the abstractness of its
deal with nature.
the chal-
In other words, in other to
lenges of achieve (establish) this knot, it
the IV gen-
is necessary to understand the
eration of
warfare culture of the local population,
so that they could be informed in
2. MEMBERS the best possible way. The exam-
OF THE SPE- ples so far indicate that the right
CIAL FORCES identification has a huge impact
WITH THEIR and is key to the future COIN.
MOST SOFISTI- For example, in Afghanistan, the
CATED BATTLE coalition forces took all the pos-
EQUIPMENT sible measures to fully inform
the local population (to win them
3. THE US over on their side) for all the ac-
“SEALS” with tivities taken by the coalition
the new forces. The failure to identify the
vehicles for
right cognitive image concerning
patrolling in the best possible manner the in-
desert condi-
formation is received, led to the
tions failure of the entire element of
COIN. Thus, although numerous
activities were taken for build-
ing facilities in Afghanistan, and
although local radios, TVs and
printed media were established,
the local population was not very
well informed.
The problem had two dimen-
sions. Most of the population
was not used to be informed
through the media (due to long-
time fighting and poverty). On
the other hand, the tribal sys-
tem of social organization im-
posed the need of identifying
the tribal leaders (in this case a
physical-mobile knot) who had
the key for information delivery
to the local population, thus
holding the key to winning their
hearts and minds concerning the
coalition forces, and building the
trust with the Afghan adminis-
tration and security forces.
The identification of the above-
mentioned is predominantly
done through the activities (ap-
propriate tactical warfare ac-
tions) of the direct and indirect
approach, including the detailed
analysis made before conducting
this kind of activities. This means
that during the intelligence preparation
of the theatre (This term is new and is
taken from intelligence preparation of
the battle field the idea of which is to
stress the “change of terrain” in which
the warfare operations are conducted,
as well as the change of the “actors” in-
volved in these operations. The original
term is: Intelligence Preparation of the
Battle space-IBP).
Each planner and leader who takes part
in the design of the operational plan of
a certain operation, especially in de-
signing certain campaign, has to bear
in mind that this operation-campaign
should endure certain stages. Accord-
ing to the political and military direc-
tions (which in turn are in accordance
with the aspirations towards the Euro
Atlantic structures), the source or direc-
tion of how to form the operational de-
sign could be found in the manuals of
the “western armies”. The closest one
in our experience to date, and a leading
source, at least in the current design-
ing practice of almost all modern NATO
manuals and principles, is the US De-
partment of Defence, JP-5-0, CJCSM
Manual, 29 September 2005). Accord-
ing to these documents, when building
the operational design the following
stages should be taken into consider-
ation: shaping, deterrence, seizing
the initiative, domination, stabiliza-
tion and enabling civilian authorities.
Having in mind that the COIN requires
systematic approach which means or-
ganizing a campaign (as a number of
operations aiming towards ultimate
success), the need of applying an op-
erational design is more than obvious.
Before we give an explanation to the
abovementioned phases we should say
a few things about the designing and
framing of the appropriate strategy.
COIN and shaping
At this stage in the design of COIN
the leader and the planners should be
aware of the fact that this type of op-
erations could not be resolved immedi-
ately. Thus, it should be clear to them
that a pure military solution to the prob-
lem, particularly concerning COIN, could
be deadly in achieving final success.
Hence, the long term focused actions-
tasks should be taken into consider-
ation in the shaping before or during
the crisis-conflict. The main focus should
aim towards building partnership, influ-
encing the neutral elements-actors and
potential enemies as well as moder-
ating the reasons behind the conflict
and extremism. This means that in this
phase tasks should be concentrated on
the phase before the conflict break out
(prediction is that the conflict is an ex-
treme stage of a crisis). Still, it definitely
would be not serious if the leader and
the planners do not know that the un-
predictable character of the crisis could
easily reach its culmination, or in other
words provoke conflict. So, it should
be taken into consideration that rapid
reaction forces and forces ready for
the next stage should be considered in
this stage (these forces should not be
mixed with the classic understanding
of the rapid reaction forces, although
they have similar tasks, or generally
speaking, they would have the same
role). Leaders, planners and forces
should use this stage to get acquaint-
ed with the operational environment,
to create conditions for operational
approach and to prepare the environ-
ment for potential or future COIN. This
is a common approach for operations
conducted on your own territory or on
a foreign territory, during international
military operations (when describing
the operations as part of the global
fight against terrorism a huge mis-
take is made in mistaking them with
the peacekeeping operations).
COIN and deterrence
Deterrence is mostly a phase of indi-
rect approach. Classically speaking, the
deterrence should be maneuvering to
demonstrate strength and power to
the potential enemy. The aim of this
kind of operations is more than obvi-
ous; the problem should not be re-
solved in a military way. Measures that
could help in deterrence of the potential
enemy are task and actions which could
show the potential enemy that the cost
of becoming involved in a conflict with
us does not pay off. Furthermore, tak-
ing measures or tasks that will prevent
the possibility of an easy arrival to the
center of gravity (hereinafter: CoG),
which in most cases are the people.
The people at this stage (especially in
international military operations) are
still neutral.
The next measure that must be taken
into consideration is the possibility of
encouraging the potential enemy to
constrain from further actions. This
could be achieved with a proper and
fair treatment of the local population.
This is far more important because the
potential enemy-insurgent tries to gain
the trust or claims to protect the local
population).
COIN and seizing the initiative
Entering this stage in a campaign dem-
onstrates that the enemy was not will-
ing to act according to the offered mea-
sures for deterrence, or in other words,
the offered deterrence measures were
not successful. Although in this stage,
as a part of a comprehensive campaign
mostly Major Combat Operations-
MCOs are conducted, the COIN ops are
as well conducted (as a logical line of
operations in the area of the operation
design).
In this stage, these operations, pre-
dominantly in the context of COIN,
most frequently (though not always)
are marked by the direct approach.
The next stages will be discussed in the
next edition.
PhD Metodi Hadzi-Janev
53
 Review of the fascinating

THE RED
ARMY
MARCH
54
“World in Conflict”
Every gamer in his “gaming career”
tries to find his heaven, to experi-
ence the gaming nirvana. And he of-
ten succeeds, having in mind the per-
fect “meals” that the big software
companies “serve”. I have stumbled
into something completely unexpect-
ed. The idea that an RTS – simulation
can satisfy my needs only if it has
a great balance between the three
basic strategy elements harvest-
build-destroy, went down the drain.
Way down. Who would have thought
that commanding dozen units can
be just as fun as commanding huge,
great armies (Sins of a Solar Empire,
Supreme Commander). The great RTS
– simulation simply called “World in
Conflict“(WiC) has changed my entire
perception of what makes the strate-
gic simulation fun and worthy

55
 THE OTHER FACE OF THE RTS
What is the essence of WiC? Forget
about setting up your own base. For-
get about creating additional tech-
nologies. Forget about the classic
collecting resources. Looking at the
end result, all those elements would
be useless, they would even diminish
the value of the strategy. Instead of
wasting the energy on settling in one
place, which later will be the center of
creating some future powerful force,
WiC offers the concept of full mobility,
which gives results only if we respect
the basic characteristic of this game –
teamwork. Isn’t teamwork necessary
in resisting the Red Army, marching
through Seattle, city in the northwest
of the USA?
Yes, yes, “The Red” are invading the
American soil! I have to admit, the sto-
ry immediately got my full attention.
Using elements as “command points”,
which are the objective in conquering
or overtaking during the campaigns,
gives a kind of order in the chaos. And
to tell you the truth, the display really
turns into chaos. The graphics is the
best I have seen so far. The engine
“MassTech” allows an absolutely real
demolishing of everything that is on
the map, even forests, bridges, hous-
es…literary everything! Every gamer
can comfortably plunge into the mix-
ture of colors and explosions on every
field, artillery barrages…nuclear ex-
plosion. For your information only, you
have no idea how long and patiently
I have waited to mention the impres-
sive nuclear explosion. It is magnifi-
cent! You will see with your own eyes
a real thermonuclear explosion and
won’t feel its negative elements.
The camera is not at all far behind the
perfect graphics. Coming in touch with
this strategy, for the first time I have
experienced what it fells like not to
care where is left, where is right, is the
map correctly positioned or not. Not to
be misunderstood – it is of vital impor-
tance in WiC to know the exact posi-
tion of your troops, and of the enemy
as well. That is crucial in achieving the
planed primary and secondary goals.
Thus, the possibility of a 360 degree
rotation of, as well as the view, which
can easily be set toward the sky or the
ground, enables us complete informa-
tion of the position of the next desig-
56
nated target. I would say that the In-
terface is more concentrated towards
functionality, rather than graphics. As
a result, everything is really handy. The
commanding of the units is real easy,
and it’s very simple to “search” the ad-
ditional units. The inevitable small map
for orientation is also present. There is
also a good quality system for mes-
sage sending between the gamers
provided the strategy is played as a
multiplayer campaign.
“REAPING” POINTS
When I mentioned the additional
troops, I would like to explain the new
concept of “collecting” and manag-
ing resources. Every “commander”
has the possibility of purchasing ex-
tra units, for what he “pays” with a
certain number of points. Of course,
the power of the unit depends on the
“price” of the unit. The points on the
other hand will never run out. Name-
ly, the points used for the additional
unit, after its destruction, are slowly
refunded, thus enabling purchase of
other units. Hence, in a way, the gam-
er will never have trouble getting extra
forces, though in the heat of the mo-
ment it doesn’t necessarily mean that
every unit will be always available, just
because of the slow “refunding” of the
points.
There are also the so-called “points for
tactical help”, which are gained always
when, you have achieved vital maneu-
ver for positive campaign score with
some fulfilled objective. That refers
to killing a certain enemy, overtaking
some buildings, repairing some ve-
hicles and such. What is the purpose
of these points? They are the reason
that this “cake” has such a beauti-
ful “icing”. With them you can call air,
chemical and artillery attacks, as well
as attacks with napalm and nuclear
bombs. My recommendation is – the
cherry is the most important. First
chance you get, activate the nuclear
bomb and enjoy the view. The mush-
rooms have never looked so good!
LIVE FOR A….MULTIPLAYER
This strategy is originally created for
playing a multiplayer campaign. Only
then everyone can see the core of
commanding fewer units on the
battlefield, which do not depend only
on themselves, but on the units be-
ing commanded by the other players.
The taking of every command point
depends directly on the support of
your teammates. I would say that, at
the beginning, the gamer can choose
between the four roles he can have
– “infantry”, “armor”, “air”, and “sup-
port”. The availability of certain units
depends on choosing the role – the
role “infantry” enables choosing ba-
sic ground forces, the role “air” gives
us a big number of helicopters at our
disposal, “armor” – number of tanks,
where as “support” gives access to
the vehicles for repairing, antiair-
craft vehicles, but also a pos-
sibility to call for an artillery
attack. Each of the roles has
its advantages and disadvan-
tages. The infantry is not very
resistant to any kind of attack,
but it can successfully hide in
a forest and in buildings. The
armored vehicles are great for
defense at a certain command
point, but are susceptible to
air raids. The helicopters have
great combat power, but are an
easy target for the antiaircraft
weapons, and cannot overtake
even a command point. “The
support” consists of a diversity
of vehicles that have a vital role,
but no combat power when in
direct contact with the enemy.
Therefore, the existence of a
functional team that can simul-
taneously handle any enemy
is vital in WiC. Picture this tac-
tics for overtaking a command
point: the infantry enters the
forest around the command
point and concentrate their fire
to the antiaircraft installations,
set as their defense. When they
are destroyed, the helicopters
empty their entire arsenal onto
the heavy artillery stationed at
the command point, while in
the meantime the infantry re-
treats, so it is not destroyed by
the chemical or napalm bomb.
Meanwhile, you can also call for
an artillery attack. Your own an-
tiaircraft units would be set to
defend against possible air raid
of the enemy, while the vehicles
for maintenance wait for the
damaged vehicles of the team-
mates. After the annihilation of
the enemy forces, the armored
vehicles enter that command
point, and the air defense and
the infantry still serve as their
defense. The helicopter squad-
ron can be used for defense,
and as an offensive force that
will continue to attack enemy
forces during their retreat as
well.
Doesn’t a battle like this sound
rather fun?
I would also like to mention
the communication system be-
tween the gamers that are part
of a team, because it plays a
vital role in the coordination of
a multidirectional attack. Thus,
the game has VoIP (Voice over
IP), through which, in order to
establish a voice communica-
tion, it is sufficient to have a mi-
crophone. One multiplayer cam-
paign supports 16 players that
can connect via Internet or LAN,
where both sides can be played
– USA (NATO) and SSSR.
FIGHT FOR FREEDOM
(SINGLE PLAYER CAMPAING)
Even though the game can
be experienced in its true light
1. 2. и 3. only if you take your chances
THE GRAPHICS IS with an enthusiastic group of
SO GOOD THAT unrepentant gamers, not a bad
IT MAKES YOU thought comes on my mind
FEEL INSIDE THE
about the single player cam-
BATTLEFIELD paign. The artificial intelligence
is excellent, and the story is
4. TOTAL one of the most interesting I
DESTRUCTION
IN FRONT OF
have came across in strategic
THE GAMER’S simulations. Since the initial
EYES: A NUCLEAR sequence in which the Soviets
EXPLOSION IN (Russian) invade the USA, the
WiC eyes “focus” on the screen,
and the pulse rises. There is a
5. WAR RAGING Third World War happening in
IN URBAN front of them! The campaign
ENVIRONMENTS will take you to the “Big Apple”,
in parts of the “Old Lady”, and
the great Soviet Union as well.
Unlike the multiplayer, in this
campaign you’ll find yourself
in a situation when under your
command you’ll have units of
different arms, like tanks and
helicopters. In this case, the
basic component – teamwork
is just as important as in the
multiplayer, but it is developed
by artificial intelligence. Name-
ly, many times, your task will
mix up with the tasks of the
“artificial” teammates. Thus, in
the campaign itself, the gamer
feels as a part of a big, mas-
sive operation. And in addition
to that chaotic image of explo-
sions and cannonade, at the
same time you can call for air
bombing and massive artillery
attacks…Beauty…
ANY FINAL WORDS?
WiC proves that there are other
ways in which RTS – simula-
tions can successfully develop.
Although I believe that a big
number of the “strategists” pre-
fers the fact that at least in the
imaginary gaming world they
can create their own kingdom,
this is a new dynamic game
and it could be established
among the most wanted. And
the answer of the gamers was
and still is loud and clear – we
want to see more strategy
simulations of this kind. And I
am not saying that the big soft-
ware companies didn’t take this
gladly. “Massive Entertainment”
and “Ubisoft Sierra”, last 2009
treated us with an extension
called World in Conflict: Soviet
Assault, where you can be a
part of the occupational soviet
force and fight for dominance
of the red color. The disappoint-
ment in the expansion is that
there are no new units. But, I
am over that now, and so can
you. The recipe for calming
down is very simple. Each day,
twice a day, click on the button
for dropping a nuclear bomb.
It’s working, isn’t it?
Ivan Petrushevski
57
 Julie Morgenstern
TIME MANAGEMENT FROM INSIDE OUT
Press: NAMPRES – Skopje 2009
„A secure system to control your schedule and your life”.
ulie Morgenstern is the author of
the New York Times Bestseller–
“Time management from inside
out” and the founder of “Task mas-
ters“, a professional company for
organization which provides consulting
services to individuals and companies
like “American Express” and “Sony Mu-
sic”. She is a columnist in “O”, Ophra’s
magazine, a frequent guest on TV and
radio shows such as the Ophra Winfrey
Show, the Today Show, Good Morning
America etc. Julie lives in New York with
her daughter.
The book “Time management from
inside out“ from Julie Morgenstern,
which is presented in this article, is in-
cluded in the program of the Govern-
ment of the Republic of Macedonia for
translation of 500 specialized, scientific
books, as well as text books, used by
the most prominent universities in the
USA and the EU countries.
If you are wondering why I am recom-
mending a book which belongs to the
genre business psychology, not refer-
ring to defense and protection, in our
magazine ”Shtit”, you will find the an-
swer when you read it.
There is no bigger challenge in the per-
sonal and professional life nowadays,
particularly in dynamic and highly risky
professions related to security and de-
fense, than organization and time man-
agement. Julie Morgenstern’s bestseller
“Time management from inside out”,
has helped numerous people to fix the
mess in their lives, by explaining how
to overcome the challenge of time for
good. Her unique inside out approach
will help you discover your positive psy-
chological features while overcoming
obstacles, how to organize time accord-
ing to your individual needs.
Therefore let Julie show you how to:
– discover your personal affinities and style;
– determine the time needed to com-
plete a given task;
– remove, delegate and relocate tasks;
– stop postponing for good;
– stop being late;
– put technology to work;
– stick to your schedule and to other
adjustments;
– face the durability of the unexpected
changes;.
58
In her bestseller Julie Morgenstern sets
a new standard in the category of time
management by developing a system
which considers individual needs. By ap-
plying her proven three-step program
– Analyze, Strategize, Attack – and
following her effective guidelines, read-
ers will find more time for work, self-
improvement, or whatever is important
to them. This skill, which can be easily
acquired by everyone, is learnt from the
completely revised edition of the book.
Take control over your schedule, con-
nect everyday activities with your most
important goals and start living the life
of your dreams.
This completely revised edition delivers
new chapters on:
What is your motivation? – directs
your trip towards a balanced life;
Make the time real – suggests skills
needed for good time management;
WADE formula – helps you organize
your long list of activities;
Where paper meets time – takes you
out from the piles of paper;
Plus new tools for mapping time – for
people who hate organization;
In this completely revised edition Julie
Morgenstern takes her pioneering ap-
proach of inside out time management
to a completely new level. Her proven
three-step program – Analyze, Strat-
egize, Attack – is a precious new tool.
The book has advice and drills which will
help you create a balanced life where
you will be in control and happy with
your achievements at the end of the
day. Even those who are struggling “to
keep their head above water” can con-
trol their time following Morgenstern’s
program for a completely new start - a
lifeline which offers a “breathing space”
and we can approach it calmly and with
self-confidence.
Regardless of whether you are an em-
ployed parent who juggles between
high pressure requests at work and rais-
ing kids, a busy undertaker who hopes
to have time for a social life one day, or
an artist who longs to do the desired
work (not just the one that pays off),
Julie Morgenstern will show you how
to find time for things which are really
important to you.
HOW IS THE BOOK ORGANIZED?
The book is divided in 5 parts, so you
can adjust your program and focus on
your problematic areas.
Part 1: Laying the foundation. This part
helps you define your motivation, diag-
nose your specific challenges and learn
the most important skill, which will as-
sure you good time management. You
must read this part.
Part 2: A rapid start program. This
chapter is allocated to those readers
who sink in piles of reserve paper and
plans (or they think that someone else
is in charge of their time). It presents
the skill that one needs to take control
and make space for approaching the
three step program, calmly and with
self confidence
Part 3: Analyze: Get to know yourself.
You will create a system that lasts, you
will discover your best identity planner,
you will learn how to spent time and un-
derstand your unique relationship with
it.
Part 4: Strategize: Create the life of
your dreams. Learn how to define your
major goals, create activities which
will help you reach them and design a
schedule which will provide the desired
balance.
Part 5: Attack: Formula „space“. Uni-
fy, in order to connect your every day
duties to your major goals, overcome
psychological barriers and keep your
balance while facing reality.
Each of these five parts presents a
whole with its own value. Altogether
they are part of a method designed to
cause permanent changes. For most
people one can efficiently apply this pro-
gram by studying each part individually.
Take your time and enjoy the process.
Time management inside out will help
you discover who you are, what you
want, and which your individual style is.
The system that Julie Morgenstern de-
velops in this book presents a process,
not a recipe –to design life that is natu-
ral and comfortable for you.
Julijana Stojanova
 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
Dear Editor,
I am a great lover of the German Sheppard Congratulations about your new maga-
breed and after reading your column about zine “Shtit”. It is indeed an excellent mag-
breeding and training service dogs I would like azine. It gives the Macedonian readers
to know if there is a possibly to buy a puppy a unique opportunity to read interesting
from this breed. articles concerning defence and security,
Thank you in advance as well as the development of the mili-
tary technology worldwide. The magazine
Respectfully, “Shtit” is truthfully following the concept
of its predecessors- The Army Word and
Aleksandar Bocev. Defence.
We wish you a successful work in the fu-
ture and many more interesting articles
for your readers, whose number without
doubt will become even greater.
“Mikei International”

Comment: Comment:

Dear reader, we are pleased that you liked our We sincerely appreciate your comment.
article on breeding and training of dogs, our Thank you!
most faithful companions. As to your ques-
tion, you can get the information at the Cen-
tre for Breeding Service Dogs, located at the
Gorge Petrov Barracks. The contact telephone
number is 02/328-2905.

Respectfully,
Editorial “Shtit“

Hello! First, I would like to congratulate you

on creating a magazine which is in my opin-
ion one of the few in Macedonia that offers
interesting topics and is worth reading. If it is
possible, in some of the next issues of your
magazine, I would like to read something
about the organization of the military forces
of the leading nations as well as those of our
neighboring countries.
Regards,
Jove Saveski, Bitola
Dear readers,
In our new magazine, we are implement-
ing a new kind of direct contact with
you - our respected audience. Taking in
consideration that we value your opinion
the most, we decided to dedicate this
page to you. Please send us your propos-
als, opinions and criticism to our e-mail:
stit@morm.gov.mk

Comment:

Respected Reader, thank you for your kind

words which give us the motivation and en-
thusiasm to continue with the magazine. As
always we are more than willing to satisfy our
reader’s requests and of course you will have
a chance to read about this topic in some of
our next issues.

Respectfully,
Editorial “Shtit“