NSF Wireless Cities Workshop

February 2-3, 2016

5G fundamentals and
systems design

Vincent D. Park
Senior Director, Engineering

1
 Mobile has made a leap every ~10 years

D-AMPS, GSM, WCDMA/HSPA+,

LTE,
AMPS, NMT, TACS IS-95 (CDMA) CDMA2000/EV-DO
LTE Advanced

2
 5G will enhance existing and expand to new use cases
Smart homes/
buildings/cities

New form factors, Autonomous vehicles,

e.g. wearables and sensors object tracking

Mobile broadband, Infrastructure monitoring &

e.g. UHD virtual reality control, e.g. Smart Grid

Demanding indoor/outdoor Remote control & process

conditions, e.g. venues automation, e.g. aviation, robotics

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Wide Area Internet of Things Higher-Reliability Control

Faster, more uniform user experiences More efficient, lower cost communications Lower latency and higher reliability
with deeper coverage

3
 Proposed 5G standardization for 2020 launch

5G study items

3GPP RAN workshop R15 5G R16 5G R17+

work items work Items 5G evolution

First 5G 5G
launch1 phase 2

4G evolution—LTE will evolve in parallel with 5G

Note: Estimated commercial dates; 1 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond 4
 Enhanced mobile broadband
Ushering in the next era of immersive experiences and hyper-connectivity

3D/UHD video telepresence Tactile Internet UHD video streaming

Demanding conditions, e.g. venues Broadband ‘fiber’ to the home Virtual reality

Higher throughput Lower latency Uniform experience

multi-gigabits per second Significantly reduced e2e latency with much more capacity
5
 Wide area Internet of Things
Optimizing toward the goal to connect anything, anywhere

Smart cities Smart homes Utility metering

Wearables / Fitness Remote sensors / Actuators Object tracking

Power efficient Lower complexity Longer range

Multi-year battery life Lower device and network cost Deeper coverage
6
 Higher reliability control
Enabling new services with more reliable, lower latency communication links

Autonomous vehicles Robotics Energy / Smart grid

Industrial automation Aviation Medical

Higher reliability Lower latency Higher availability

Significantly reduced packet loss rate Significantly reduced e2e latency Multiple links for failure tolerance and mobility
7
 Scalable across a broad variation of requirements
Deeper coverage
To reach challenging locations
Lower energy Stronger security
10+ years of battery life e.g. Health / government / financial trusted

Higher reliability
Lower complexity
Wide area <1 out of 100 million packets lost

10s of bits per second Internet of Things

Higher-reliability
Lower latency
Higher density control As low as 1 millisecond
1 million nodes per Km 2

Enhanced
Enhanced capacity
10 Tbps per Km
mobile broadband
2

Frequent user mobility

Or no mobility at all

Enhanced data rates Better awareness

Multi-Gigabits per second Discovery and optimization
Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases 8
 Natively incorporate advanced wireless technologies
Many technology enablers to meet 5G requirements and services

Hyper dense deployments

Full Self-
Configuration Low latency & more-
Massive reliable communication
Integrated access
and backhaul MIMO
Beamforming
mmWave
Advanced
Receivers V2X
Coordinated
Spatial Techniques More energy
efficient, lower
cost IoT
Across diverse Multicast communications
spectrum bands Multi-hop & D2D
and types communications
9
 Natively incorporate advanced wireless technologies
Key 5G design elements across services
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Faster, more uniform user experiences
• Scalable to wider bandwidths
• Designed for diverse spectrum types
• Massive MIMO
• More robust mmWave design
• Improved network/signaling efficiency
• Native HetNets & multicast support
• Opportunistic carrier/link aggregation

Wide-Area Internet of Things Higher-Reliability Control

More efficient, lower cost communications Lower latency and more reliable links

• Lower complexity, narrower bandwidth • Lower latency bounded delay

• Lower energy waveform • Optimized PHY/pilot/HARQ
• Optimized link budget Unified Air • Multiplexing with nominal
• Decreased overheads Interface • Simultaneous, redundant links
• Managed multi-hop mesh • Grant-free transmissions

10
 A new 5G unified air interface is the foundation
Diverse spectrum Diverse services and devices
Licensed, shared licensed, From wideband multi-Gbps to
and unlicensed spectrum narrowband 10s of bits per second

Spectrum bands below 1 GHz, Efficient multiplexing of higher-

1 GHz to 6 GHz, & above 6 GHz reliability and nominal traffic
(incl. mmWave)

From high user mobility

FDD, TDD, half duplex Unified air interface to no mobility at all

Device-to-device, mesh, From wide area macro to

relay network topologies indoor / outdoor hotspots

Diverse deployments

11
 Diverse spectrum types and bands
From narrowband to ultra-wideband, TDD & FDD

Licensed Spectrum Shared Licensed Spectrum Unlicensed Spectrum

Cleared spectrum Complementary licensing Multiple technologies
EXCLUSIVE USE SHARED EXCLUSIVE USE SHARED USE

Below 1 GHz: longer range, massive number of things

Below 6 GHz: mobile broadband, higher reliability services

Above 6 GHz including mmWave: for both access and backhaul, shorter range

12
Realizing the mmWave opportunity for mobile broadband
The enhanced mobile broadband opportunity
• Large bandwidths, e.g. 100s of MHz
• Multi-Gbps data rates
• Flex deployments (integrated access/backhaul)
• Higher capacity with dense spatial reuse
The challenge—‘mobilizing’ mmWave
• Robustness results from high path loss and
susceptibility to blockage
• Device cost/power and RF challenges
at mmWave frequencies

mmWave

sub6Ghz

Solutions Smart beamforming & Tighter interworking Phase noise mitigation

beam tracking with sub 6 GHz in RF components
Increase coverage and Increase robustness and For lower cost, lower
minimize interference faster system acquisition power devices

13
 Delivering a flexible 5G network architecture

Multi-access core network Dynamic control and user planes

Continue to evolve 4G LTE and Wi-Fi access Diverse services Such as mobility on demand and functions at edge
& devices

Flexible subscription models Modular, specialized functions

Such as one subscription for multiple devices Not to burden other network services

New business & Wide to local

subscription models area deployments

Dynamic creation of services Configurable end-to-end connectivity

Such as dynamic MVNO or tailored verticals With network and service slicing1

1 Leveraging Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) 14
 Multi-connectivity across bands & technologies
4G+5G multi-connectivity improves coverage and mobility

Urban area

5G carrier aggregation with

integrated MAC across Macro
sub-6GHz & above 6GHz

4G+5G
multimode
device 4G+5G
Small Sub-urban area
cell
4G & 5G Rural area
small cell coverage Simultaneous connectivity
across 5G, 4G and Wi-Fi

4G & 5G macro coverage

Leverage 4G investments to enable phased 5G rollout

15
 Expanding multi-connectivity across devices, relays
Devices much more than end-points—integral parts of network

Multi-hop to
extend coverage Vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure
communications Device-to-device discovery
and communications

Integrated access and

backhaul, relays

Utilizing and expanding upon today’s technologies, e..g. LTE Direct, LTE Relays 16
 Support for multi-hop mesh with WAN management

Direct access
on licensed
spectrum

Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned

with uplink licensed spectrum1

Problem: uplink coverage Due to low power devices and challenging placements, e.g. in basement
Solution: managed uplink mesh Uplink data relayed via nearby devices—uplink mesh but direct downlink.
1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency 17
5G Architecture – U-plane requirements and architecture
Support both session (IP address) continuity and local connectivity without continuity
H-GW
− Continuity on demand depending on active services/applications and context
Support access to operator services in home PLMN or when roaming
Support offload of traffic not requiring operator services or session continuity at the L-GW V-GW
− Many applications already do not require session continuity or access to operator services S-GW
Support multi-connectivity to the 4G RAN and Wi-Fi
− Including bearer aggregation
L-GW
− Based on a multi-access core network and a single “RRM framework” within the operator network
AN
Consider a more IP-oriented approach and cloud technologies to reduce deployment costs
Incorporate Content Delivery Networks (CDN) to provide better user experience and new
services
Device

18
5G Architecture – C-Plane requirements and architecture
Support same or better level of security than EPS HSS SF
− Cater for different strata ownership models
Support idle mode, i.e., an MME, to enable efficient connection establishment signaling SFSF
SKMF
− Stateful and stateless connection management
Support a more flexible C-plane deployment at the core or the edge
MME
− Session Key Management Function (SKMF) to enable a less trusted MME closer to edge
Support a wide variety of devices and applications, i.e., expansion into new verticals
− Based on separate (virtual) MME instances, optimized for different types of services L-MME
AN
Support separate credentials to enable each service (e.g., Facebook, Google, Netflix)
− Based on ability to support multiple separate credentials simultaneously
New QoE model instead of dedicated bearer management functionality
− Enable per application QoE management Device

19
5G Architecture – C-plane and U-plane separation
Openflow
S11’

MME GW-C GW-U

4G U-plane and C-plane are separated only from the UE perspective

− NAS C-plane terminates in MME
− IP U-plane terminates in PGW via SGW
EPC U-plane elements include significant C-plane signaling
− E.g., PGW and SGW support GTP-C to manage the PDN connection
5G supports further separation between C-plane and U-plane
− Split of GW into separate C-plane and U-plane elements
− Interface to U-plane based on Software Defined Networking (SDN)
20
 5G Architecture – Support across multiple RATs

5G will support multi-connectivity to the 4G RAN and Wi-Fi

MME S-GW
5G multi-access CN platform
− Single CN to support multiple simultaneous RATs and services
− Leverage legacy operator RAN networks for capacity and coverage
− End-to-end improved performance of 5G CN for 4G RAN
Multi-RAT access nodes (MR-AN) L-MME L-GW
− Presents a single interface towards 5G core
− Includes one or more cells for each RAT (LTE, 5G, WiFi) LTE eNB 5G AN WLAN AP

− Common OAM across RATs

− Includes interfaces for legacy UEs to connect to 4G core (not shown)

21
 5G Architecture – Network and service slicing
Service provider 1 eMBB VSN MTC VSN
Service
HSS/AAA1 Manager MME P/S-GW

SME P/S-GW MNO

HSS/AAA1

SME P/S-GW
Service provider 2
Service Other VSN
HSS/AAA1 Manager
MNO MME P/S-GW
SME P/S-GW
H-MME

Service slices: L-MME L-GW

Network slices:
Common EMM Separate Virtual
Separate ESM Serving Networks
LTE eNB 5G AN WLAN AP

22
Thank you
Follow us on:
For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:
www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein.
©2013-2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm, Snapdragon and VIVE are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. O ther products and brand names may be
trademarks or registered of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the
Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Te chnologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and de velopment functions, and substantially all of its
product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.
23