Answer key for the exercises in the lesson
Exercises for Summative Assessment
I. Distinguish between:
1. Chemical industry and textile industry.
Chemical industry
1. Chemical Industry plays a pivotal role in the
modern world economy. It converts raw materials
like oil, natural gas, air, water, metals and
minerals into more than 70,000 chemicals.
2. These chemicals are extensively used in different
fields like agriculture, medicine, metallurgy,
textiles, glass, paints, adhesives, plastics, leather,
fertilizers, pesticides, food processing, etc.
3. They use inputs like coal, water, salts, sulphur,
gypsum, limestone, vegetables and some animal
products.
4. Petrochemical industries i.e., those industries
which use the by-products of petroleum
industries to make chemicals, first developed in
USA and Europe before spreading to different
parts of the world.
5. Russia, Japan, China, Canada are other countries
which have chemical industries.
2. Paper and cement industry.
Paper industry
1. The ancient Egyptians made paper from Papyrus 1. Cement industries provide the basic raw material
trees. The demand for paper is very high and the
supply is very low, in the developing regions of 2. This industry uses heavy raw materials like
the world.
2. A sizable stock of paper now is made from the
wood pulp, fibrous grasses and plants. Rags, waste
papers and sugarcane waste (after extraction of
juice) are also used in making paper. The industry
also uses caustic soda, china clay and abundant 3. Cement industries are hence, located near raw
soft water for bleaching and washing.
3. USA is the largest producer and importer of wood
pulp in the world. Some of the other leading
producers of papers, newsprints and paper-
boards are Canada, Russia, UK Germany, France,
India, China, Sweden, Finland, Norway, etc.
Textile industry
1. The textile industry is a major industry which
provides for the primary need of humans —
clothing. Spinning yarn from natural fibres and
weaving it into a cloth is an ancient art – it
flourished in Egypt and India more than 5000
years ago.
2. The natural fibres used for making cloth are
cotton, wool, silk, jute, hemp and flax. They are
the basic raw material of the textile industry.
3. While cotton, jute, hemp and flax are of plant
origin, silk and wool are of animal origin.
4. There are some textiles mills which make cloth
using chemically modified and treated synthetic
fibre materials. They are also known as man-
made fibres. Some examples are nylon, acrylic,
polyester, rayon etc. Mumbai and Ahmadabad are
some important centres for synthetic textiles .
5. The main centres of textile industry in the world
today are the USA, China, Japan, and India.
European countries like Germany, UK, France and
Spain are important manufacturers of synthetic
cloth.
Cement industry
for the construction work.
limestone, gypsum, clay and shale. These
materials are bulky and cheap. The cost of
transporting raw materials to the cement
industries and the finished products to the
market is very high.
material region. They should also enjoy easy
accessibility to fuel and market regions. Some of
the leading producers of cement are USA, China,
Russia, Germany, India, UK, Italy, France and
Japan
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 3. Silicon Valley of India and the Silicon Valley of USA
Silicon valley of India
1. Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, is called
the Silicon Valley of India. It is located on the
Deccan Plateau in India. The climate of this city is
mild and pleasant. It has, over years, emerged as
the IT capital of India.
2. After independence, a number of high-tech
public sector industries were set up in Bangalore.
Some of them are Bharat Heavy Electricals
Limited (BHEL), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL), Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Bharat
Electronics Limited (BAL) etc. Karnataka was also
the first Indian state to create an IT policy.
3. The state offered various concessions like a 5 year
tax holiday, to encourage IT related companies to
set up base in Bangalore. As a result of all these
factors, over the last two decades, a number of
private sector electronic, computer and IT related
companies have sprung up here.
4. The city enjoys certain location advantages, such
as the presence of many high-tech industries,
availability of highly educated and skilled
labour at a relatively low cost, favourable state
government and central government policies,
favourable climate, and good infrastructure.
5. In 1980, the government of Karnataka developed
an electronic city about 18 km away from the
core city which is now known as the Silicon
Valley of India. Many global software companies
like IBM, Oracle, Apple, Google, Infosys, Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS), HCL and Cognizant
Technologies, etc. are based in Bangalore.
II. Name the following:
1. Any four steel producing centers in India.
Bhilai, Durgapur, Jamshedpur and Rourkela.
2. The place that is known as the Manchester
of Japan. Osaka
3. Any four sugar producing countries.
Cuba, Brazil, Indonesia and India.
4. Any two global software companies.
IBM and Oracle.
5. Any two reasons for choosing Jamshedpur
as the location for a iron and steel plant.
abundant iron ore deposits and continuous
supply of water.
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Silicon valley of USA
1. Silicon Valley is the world’s leading centre of the
IT industry – in fact, the name ‘Silicon Valley’ has
become synonymous with the words ‘information
technology’
2. It is from here that the industry started in the
1970s and spread rapidly across the world.
Silicon revolutionised computers. It enabled the
scientists to create small personal computers
(PCs). Today, almost very house in the developed
world, and rapidly increasing number of people
in the developing part of the world, own personal
computers.
3. The area has a temperate climate with the
temperatures rarely dropping below 0ºC. It was a
rich agricultural area in the past. After World War
II, the US defence programs gave an impetus to
this industry, which developed in and around the
valley.
4. In 1951, the Stanford Industrial Park was founded
near the Stanford University, which encouraged
this industry. Later, many companies like
IBM, NASA, and Xerox started their research
operations here. As a result, most of the path
breaking inventions in this field occurred in the
Silicon Valley.
5. Then, the development of the World Wide Web
(WWW) brought about sweeping changes in
the industry. Many other leading companies
developed here, like Sun, Netscape and Cisco.
Silicon Valley, till date, remains a giant in this
field.
III. Give reasons:
1. Iron and steel industry is considered as the
key or a basic industry.
Iron and steel industry is considered as
the basic or key industry as it is the most
important industry which paved the way
for modern civilisation. The products of this
industry have significant influence on every
industry and the modern life of humans. Steel
is extensively used for making machinery,
transport equipment, in construction, etc. It
is therefore called the backbone of modern
industry.
 2. ‘The world has shrunk’ say some people.
Today the scientists use terms like ‘the
world has shrunk’ and ‘global village’
because distance don’t matter anymore for
meaningful and effective communication.
• For instance let us consider that two groups
of software professionals, Group A, in Silicon
Valley and Group B in Bangalore are working
on a joint project.
• While in Bangalore, Group B rests, Group A
in California, is working. At the end of the
workday, they send a message to Group B
updating their progress.
• When Group B arrives at their work place
in Bangalore, a couple of hours later, they
notice the message which awaits them.
• Group B gets to work on the project straight
away.
• By the end of their work day, they relay the
results of their efforts to Group A in California.
And, the constructive work cycle goes on till
the project is completed successfully.
In other words, they communicate and work
together on a global scale with shrinking
distances.
IV. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the raw materials used in the iron
and steel industry?
The inputs of the iron and steel industry
include raw materials such as iron ore, coking
coal, manganese and limestone.
2. Define smelting.
Smelting is a process in which metals are
extracted from their ores by heating them in
a blast furnace beyond their melting point.
5. Explain the importance of the textile
3. Why did Jamsetji Tata choose Jamshedpur
to set up his iron and steel plant?
The reasons for choosing Jamshedpur as the
location to put up the steel plant were the
abundance of iron ore deposits in the area,
abundant coal and manganese deposits,
availability of limestone and dolomite,
proximity to Kolkata, which acts as a large
market, proximity to the port, Haldia, Kharkai
and Subarnarekha rivers ensure abundant
water supply to the plant, and the availability
of cheap labour.
4. Briefly explain about the transport
equipment industry.
The transport equipment industry provides
the rolling stock of a nation without which the
very mobility of people and materials will be
affected. This industry includes production of
locomotives and wagons, automobiles, ships
and aircrafts. Locomotives and wagons are
produced by certain huge capital intensive
factories. Some important centres where
locomotives are manufactured include India
(Chittaranjan, Kapurthala, and Varanasi),
USA, UK, France, Germany and Russia. The
automobiles industry first emerged in Europe
and then spread to USA. India has shown
a tremendous growth in the production of
automobiles in the last two decades. The
major automobile industries in India include
Maruti Udyog, Tata Motors, Hindustan
Motors, and Ashok Leyland. There are also
some multinational companies like Ford,
Toyota and Hyundai which operate in India.
Shipbuilding is an old and important industry.
The nations around the Mediterranean Sea
were leading in this field. Now Japan, USA,
UK, Sweden, Netherlands, France, Germany
and Russia are main builders. In India, the
main shipbuilding centres are at Mazagon
in Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam and Kochi. The
aircrafts industry is a highly technological
and capital intensive industry. The main
manufacturers are Boeing in USA, Airbus in
France and other European countries and
Aviacor in Russia. In India, the Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited, which manufactures
military aircrafts, has centres at Bangalore
and Kanpur.
industry. Write a brief note on the textile
industry in Ahmadabad. How is it different
from the textile industry in Osaka?
The textile industry is a major industry
which provides for the primary need of
humans—clothing. Ahmadabad in Gujarat
is the second largest textile city of India,
after Mumbai. The first mill here was
established in 1859. Ahmadabad is often
referred to as ‘The Manchester of India’.
There are various favourable factors that led
to the development of the textile industry
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 in Ahmadabad. It is in the heart of a cotton
growing area which enables adequate and
easy availability of raw material. The humid
and frost-free climate supports spinning and
weaving. The easy availability of land helped
in the establishment of the mills, while the
densely populated states of Gujarat and
Maharashtra provide skilled and unskilled
labour at low cost. A well developed transport
network facilitates easy transportation of
raw material to the mills, and the finished
product to the vast markets of India. The
proximity of the Mumbai port helps in
the export of textiles and in the import of
machinery. However, several textile mills
in Ahmadabad have now closed down. The
import of cheap cloth from places like China
and the non-upgradation of machines and
technology in the mills of Ahmadabad are
responsible for this situation. Osaka is one
of the largest centres of textiles production
in Japan and is known as the ‘Manchester
of Japan’. The textile industry developed in
Osaka due to several geographical factors.
Easy availability of land, warm and humid
climatic condition, the river Yodo, which
provides adequate water for the mills,
abundant and cheap labour, and proximity to
port facilities make Osaka an ideal location.
However there is one major difference
from the textile industry in Ahmadabad.
Cotton is not grown in Japan. Therefore, the
textile industry of Osaka totally depends on
imported raw material from Egypt, India and
China in the east and USA in the west. This
is what makes the rise of Osaka as a centre
of textile industry truly remarkable. Most of
the textiles produced there are exported.
They enjoy a market share since their quality
is high and the price is low.
6. How did Silicon Valley in California get its
name? Trace its growth into a major IT hub.
Silicon Valley is the world’s leading centre
of the IT industry – in fact, the name ‘Silicon
Valley’ has become synonymous with the
words ‘information technology’. It is from
here that the industry started in 1970s and
spread rapidly across the world. Silicon
revolutionized computers. It enabled the
scientists to create small personal computers
(PCs). Today, almost every house in the
developed world and rapidly increasing
number of people in the developing part
of the world, own personal computers.
The area has a temperate climate with the
temperatures rarely dropping below 0ºC. It
was a rich agricultural area in the past. After
World War II, the US defence programs gave
an impetus to this industry which developed
in and around the valley. The neighbouring
presence of the Stanford University also
encouraged the developments of well
funded research in computer technology.
In 1951, The Stanford Industrial Park was
founded near the Stanford University. Later,
many companies like IBM, NASA, and Xerox
started their research operations here. As a
result, most of the path breaking inventions
in this field occurred in the Silicon Valley. In
the later half of the 1980s, Japan was the
leader in this industry as they were able
to produce computers at a very low cost.
Then, the development of the World Wide
Web (WWW) brought about sweeping
changes in the industry. The quality and
quantity of information and the spread of
communication became mind boggling.
Many other leading companies developed
here, like Sun, Netscape and Cisco. Silicon
Valley, till date, remains a giant in this field.
7. Bengaluru is the IT capital of India. Justify
this statement.
Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, has
over the years emerged as a major IT hub of
India. It is located on the Deccan Plateau,
at an altitude of 900 metres above sea
level and has a mild and pleasant climate
suitable for comfortable settlement. After
independence, many high-tech public sector
industries like Bharat Heavy Electricals
Limited (BHEL), Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited (HAL), Indian Telephone Industries
(ITI), Bharat Electronics Limited (BAL), etc
were set up here. Karnataka was also the
first Indian state to create an IT policy and
offered concessions like a 5 year tax holiday,
to encourage IT companies to set up base
in Bangalore. Over the last two decades,
as a result of favourable state government
and central government policies, numerous
private sector electronic, computer and
IT related companies have sprung up in
 Bangalore. The city is also well connected
by rail, road and air and there is also the
availability of highly educated and skilled
labour at relatively low cost. In 1980, the
government of Karnataka developed an Value-based question
electronic city about 18 km from Bangalore,
which is now known as the Silicon Valley of
India. Many global software companies like
IBM, Oracle, Apple, Google, Infosys, TCS,
HCL, and Cognizant Technologies are based
in Bangalore. Therefore, Bangalore can be
considered to be the IT capital of India.
Question bank
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The _____________________ industry is
considered as a basic or key industry as it
paved the way for modern civilisation.
2. The factors that influence the location of
iron and steel plants are ____________,
____________, _____________ and
______________.
3. The automobile industry first emerged
in ____________ and then spread to the
___________. III. Answer in detail.
4. __________ mills are located near sugarcane
and sugar beet growing regions.
5. The raw materials for the cement industry
are very bulky and hence the cost of
transportation is ______________.
II. Answer in brief.
1. Write a short note on the rise of the
automobile industry in India.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. b 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. d 9. b 10. d 11. c
• Willingness to listen to the problems of the
workers
• Being sympathetic and compassionate
• Being patient
• Being polite and at the same time firm when
dealing with labour issues
2. What are the basic raw materials of the
cotton textile industry? Name some of
important textile centres of today.
3. What is the major factor influencing the
location of sugar mills?
4. How is cement made? Name the states
that are leading producers of cement in our
country.
5. What was the reason for major IT companies
to locate their offices in Bangalore?
1. The iron and steel industry is the backbone
of all other industries. Explain.
2. Explain the term ‘information technology’.
Where did it start and how did it develop to
become an industry?
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 Answer key for the worksheet
I. 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b
5. c
II. 1. False 2. True 3. True
III. 1. Iron and steel plants should generally be
located near coal and iron ore mines, and
near places with an abundant and continuous
supply of water and power. If the plants are
located elsewhere, the cost of transporting
the raw materials from far would be high.
Increasingly, the plants have to be directly
connected by road or rail to seaports too
since iron ore is often imported. Some of the
main steel plants in India are:
• Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Durgapur (West
Bengal), Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Rourkela
(Odisha) and Bokaro (Jharkhand)
• Bhadravati in Karnataka
• Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh
• Salem in Tamil Nadu
2. The transport equipment industry produces
locomotives and wagons, automobiles,
ships and aircrafts. These equipments are
the rolling stock of a nation without which
the country could come to a standstill. The
transport equipment industry provides
mobility to the people of the nation and
help move materials all over the country and
abroad.

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