5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks1

Alexis Brooks

Mrs. Kenly

British Literature 4B

30 April 2019

Annotated Bibliography

“AboutKidsHealth.” AboutKidsHealth,

Hamilton, Jessica. “Young Children with Disabilities: How Play and Learning Skills Are

Affected.” Bright Hub Education, 29 Oct. 2015,

Children with disabilities will have significant differences in how they approach play and what

they will experience during that play. They are limited in their ability to participate in

self-initiated and self-regulated free play. This can cause an impact on their physical and

cognitive development and will impair their ability to function independently and in their overall

growth and development.

In this article I read about Physical disabilities may affect the child’s approach to play in a

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 1/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks2

number of ways depending on how the disability limits his or her movement. Difficulty moving

and manipulating materials in a constructive way and restrictions in moving to materials of

choice limit the child’s ability to engage in creative and independent play.

Alliance, Genetic. “CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES.” Understanding Genetics: A New

York, Mid-Atlantic Guide for Patients and Health Professionals., U.S. National Library of

Medicine, 8 July 2009,

Some chromosomal conditions are caused by changes in the number of chromosomes. These

changes are not inherited, but occur as random events during the formation of reproductive

cells (eggs and sperm). An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in

reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

In this article I read about how chromosomal disorders are inherited and how an error in cell

division called nondisjunction results in reproductive cells with an abnormal number of

chromosomes.Some changes in chromosome structure can be inherited, while others occur

as random accidents during the formation of reproductive cells or in early fetal

development.

Children's Hospital. “Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome).” Children's Hospital of

Philadelphia, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 31 Mar. 2014,

www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/trisomy-21-down-syndrome.

Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal anomaly in humans, affecting about 5,000 babies

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 2/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks3

born each year and more than 350,000 people in the United States.

Also known as Down syndrome, trisomy 21 is a genetic condition caused by an extra

chromosome. Most babies inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46

chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome however, end up with three chromosomes at

position 21, instead of the usual pair.

I plan to use this article in the reasearch paper to describe the different types of chromosomal

disorders and how children are really affected by the disorder. The causes for the different

chromosomal disorder.

“Data and Statistics on Down Syndrome | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,

www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome/data.html.

In recent years, Down syndrome has become more common, and children with Down syndrome

are living longer. Read below for recent statistics on Down syndrome in the United

States.Older mothers are more likely to have a baby affected by Down syndrome than

younger mothers. In other words, the prevalence of Down syndrome increases as the

mother’s age increases.

This article with be helpful in the reasearch paper because the information is to explain down

syndrome and how many people in the United States has down syndrome. The information

about how older mother are more affected to have children with down syndrome.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 3/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks4

“Development and Learning for People with Down Syndrome.” For People with Down

Syndrome | Down Syndrome Education Online, 27 June 2018,

www.down-syndrome.org/en-us/about-down-syndrome/development/

People with Down syndrome also experience learning difficulties that lead to delays in many

areas of development. However, not all areas of development are affected equally - there

are particular patterns of learning difficulties. These patterns can inform more effective

teaching approaches and therapies.

This article will help in the research paper because it is talking about the development delays on

children and how the delays are affecting their education. What can be help to get children

some help with their reading and writing.

Ellenby, Whitney. "Autistic Children Deserve Separate Sensory-Friendly Opportunities."

Washington Post, 28 Nov. 2018

Physical disabilities are often quiet and can assimilate in crowds; autism is disruptive

and unwelcome. Making room for autism requires not just structural but also temperamental

adjustments that few are willing to make if they infringe on their own enjoyment.

When I read on the Washington post article I read about a little autistic boy by the name

of Zack who hunged out with kids with the same disability. I also read that Nothing in disability

law requires that disabled people come quietly or conventionally. As long as accommodating

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 4/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks5

someone such as Zack doesn't require a venue or service to be fundamentally altered, access is

required under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA).

Ellis, Christie L. C. "Disabled Adults' Employment Increased After States Expanded.."

St.Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 Aug. 2018, pp. B.4.

The percentage of people with disabilities who are employed increased to 47 percent

from 41.3 percent in states with expanded Medicaid coverage while staying relatively constant in

non-expansion states, according to new research.

When I read on the post-dispatch article I read about Not only does this finding translate

to greater opportunity and quality of life for people with disabilities, it could have cost-saving

policy implications as non-expansion states such whether to include work requirements along

with expansion, according to the new study Medicaid Expansion as an Employment Incentive

Program for People With Disabilities," published last month in the American Journal of Public

Health.

“5 Tips for Teaching Children with Down Syndrome to Read.” Touch-Type Read and

Spell (TTRS), 17 Feb. 2019,

Children with Down syndrome are capable learners who are excited and eager to learn. They just

need to be given the opportunity to excel. They may learn at a slower pace, but are more than

capable of learning. They are strong visual learners. This means that they understand what they

see better than what they hear.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 5/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks6

In this article I read about Children with Down syndrome can learn. However, we need to make

compromises so that their educational needs can be met in the classroom. Since they are visual

learners, teaching reading to students with Down syndrome should be characterized by a strong

emphasis on visual learning.

“Massachusetts General Hospital.” Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,

www.massgeneral.org/children/turner-syndrome/turner-syndrome-mosaic.aspx.

Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Typically, each cell has 46 chromosomes. Each

chromosome is a package of DNA, which contains our genetic information. Our DNA

contains the instructions for our bodies’ growth and development.

This article will help with the research paper by explain the Truner Syndrome and how the

information affect children and how this disorder really only affect females

Nordqvist, Christian. “Williams Syndrome: Features, Causes, and Treatment.” Medical

News Today, MediLexicon International, 23 Mar. 2017,

www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/220139.php.

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that features mild learning or

developmental challenges, a high levels of calcium in the blood and urine, and a markedly

outgoing personality.

This article will be helpful to the research paper because People with Williams syndrome (WS)

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 6/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks7

often an unusual "elfin" appearance, with a low nasal bridge. Unique personality traits

include a high level of sociability and very good communication skills.

The high level of verbal skills may mask other developmental problems and sometimes
contribute towards a late diagnosis.

“Turner Syndrome.” NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders),

rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/turner-syndrome/.

Turner syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects females. The disorder is

characterized by partial or complete loss (monosomy) of one of the second sex

chromosomes. Turner syndrome is highly variable and can differ dramatically from one

person to another. Affected females can potentially develop a wide variety of symptoms,

affecting many different organ systems. Common symptoms include short stature and

premature ovarian failure, which can result in the failure to attain puberty.

This article will be use in the research paper to tell about the Williams Syndrome and how it

affect mostly males and how it cause failure to the body.

“Turner Syndrome - Genetics Home Reference - NIH.” U.S. National Library of

Medicine, National Institutes of Health,

ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects development in females. The most

common feature of Turner syndrome is short stature, which becomes evident by about age

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 7/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks8

5. An early loss of ovarian function (ovarian hypofunction or premature ovarian failure) is

also very common. The ovaries develop normally at first, but egg cells (oocytes) usually

die prematurely and most ovarian tissue degenerates before birth. Many affected girls do

not undergo puberty unless they receive hormone therapy, and most are unable to conceive

(infertile). A small percentage of females with Turner syndrome retain normal ovarian

function through young adulthood.

This article will be helpful to this research paper because Most girls and women with Turner

syndrome have normal intelligence. Developmental delays, nonverbal learning disabilities,

and behavioral problems are possible, although these characteristics vary among affected

individuals.

“What Is Williams Syndrome?” Williams Syndrome Association, 3 Oct. 2018,

williams-syndrome.org/what-is-williams-syndrome.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic condition that is present at birth and can affect anyone. It

is characterized by medical problems, including cardiovascular disease, developmental delays,

and learning challenges. These often occur side by side with striking verbal abilities, highly

social personalities and an affinity for music.Williams syndrome is caused by the spontaneous

deletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome #7. The deletion occurs in either the egg or the sperm

used to form the child with Williams syndrome. Accordingly, the deletion is present at the time

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 8/9
5/6/2019 Copy of Alexis Brooks - Google Docs

Brooks9

of conception.

This article will help the research paper because it explains the health prolems and delays on the

children reading and writing .These often occur side by side with striking verbal abilities, highly

social personalities and an affinity for music.Williams syndrome is caused by the spontaneous

deletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome #7.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UWFEPmejn0O1jFyLsIFWz196lBWgy7h07ClwBNdbiPQ/edit 9/9