688 VANSTEENKISTE ET AL.

Appendix

The Academic Self-Regulation Scale

The following questionnaire measures your motivation for studying. Please indicate how important each of the
listed motives is for you to study by encircling a number between 1 (Completely Not Important) and 5 (Very
Important).
Why are you studying in general? I’m studying . . .

Ext1 1. Because I’m supposed to do so. 1 2 3 4 5

Ext2 2. Because that’s something others (parents, friends, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5
force me to do.
Ext3 3. Because others (parents, friends, etc.) oblige me to do so. 1 2 3 4 5
Ext4 4. Because that’s what others (e.g., parents, friends) expect 1 2 3 4 5
me to do.
Introj1 5. Because I want others to think I’m smart. 1 2 3 4 5
Introj2 6. Because I would feel guilty if I didn’t study. 1 2 3 4 5
Introj3 7. Because I would feel ashamed if I didn’t study. 1 2 3 4 5
Introj4 8. Because I want others to think I’m a good student. 1 2 3 4 5
Ident1 9. Because I want to learn new things 1 2 3 4 5
Ident2 10. Because it is personally important to me. 1 2 3 4 5
Ident3 11. Because this represents a meaningful choice to me. 1 2 3 4 5
Ident4 12. Because this is an important life goal to me. 1 2 3 4 5
Intr1 13. Because I am highly interested in doing this. 1 2 3 4 5
Intr2 14. Because I enjoy doing it. 1 2 3 4 5
Intr3 15. Because it’s fun. 1 2 3 4 5
Intr4 16. Because it’s an exciting thing to do. 1 2 3 4 5

Note. ext ⫽ external regulation; introj ⫽ introjected regulation; ident ⫽ identified regulation; itr ⫽ intrinsic motivation.

Received July 12, 2007

Revision received December 5, 2008
Accepted January 5, 2009 䡲