5/4/2019 Evolution of Microprocessor - Types and Applications

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Evolution of Microprocessor – Types of

Microprocessors
ELECTRONICS MICROCONTROLLER

The microprocessor is nothing but the CPU and it is an essential component of the computer. It is a silicon c
millions of transistors and other electronic components that process millions of instructions per second. A M
versatile chip, that is combined with memory and special purpose chips and preprogrammed by a so ware
data as i/p and processes it according to the instructions stored in the memory.The microprocessor has m
functions of data storage, interact with various other devices and other time related functions. But, the main
and receive the data to make the function of the computer well. This article discusses about the types
microprocessor.Please follow this link for Microprocessor History and Generation of Microprocessor

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Microprocessor

Evolution of Microprocessor
The microprocessor has become more essential part of many gadgets. The evolution of microprocessors wa
generations such as first, second, third, fourth and fi h generation and the characteristics of these generat
below.

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Evolution of Microprocessors

First Generation Microprocessors

The first generation microprocessors were introduced in the year 1971-1972. The instructions of these mic
processed serially, they fetched the instruction, decoded and then executed it. When an instruction of the m
finished, then the microprocessor updates the instruction pointer & fetched the following instruction
consecutive operation for each instruction in turn.

Second Generation Microprocessors

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In the year 1970, small amount of transistors were available on the integrated circuit in the second generation
Examples of the second generation microprocessors are 16-bit arithmetic 7 pipelined instruction processing,
microprocessor. These processors are introduced in the year 1979, and Intel 8080 processor  is anothe
microprocessor. The second generation of the microprocessor is defined by overlapped fetch, decode and e
When the first generation is processed in the execution unit, then the second instruction is decoded and the
fetched.

The di erence between the first generation microprocessor and second generation microprocessors was mai
semiconductor technologies to manufacture the chips. The result of this technology resulted in a fivefold incre
speed, execution and higher chip densities.

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Third Generation Microprocessors

The third generation microprocessors were introduced in the year 1978, as denoted by Intel’s 8086 and the Z
were 16-bit processors with a performance like mini computers. These types of microprocessors were
previous generations of microprocessors in that all main workstation industrialists began evolving the
microprocessor architectures.

Fourth Generation Microprocessors

As many industries converted from commercial microprocessors to in house designs, the fourth generation m
entered with outstanding design with a million transistors. Leading edge microprocessors like Motorola’s
80960CA could issue & retire more than one instruction per clock cycle.

Fifth Generation Microprocessors

Fi h generation microprocessors employed decoupled super scalar processing, and their design soon ex
transistors. In fi h generation, PCs are a low-margin, high volume business conquered by a single microproces

Types of Microprocessor
Microprocessors are classified into five types, namely: CISC-Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors, RISC-Re
Set Microprocessor, ASIC- Application Specific Integrated Circuit, Superscalar Processors, DSP’s-Digital Signal

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5/4/2019 Evolution of Microprocessor - Types and Applications

Types Of Microprocessors

Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors

The short term of Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors is CISM and they classify a microprocessor in wh
performed together along with other low level activities. These types of processors performs the d
downloading, uploading, recalling data into the memory card and recalling data from the memory card. Apar
it also does complex mathematical calculations in a single command.

Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor

The short term of Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor is RISC. These types of processors are made accord
in which the microprocessor can carry out small things in  specific command. In this way these processor
commands at a faster rate.

Superscalar Microprocessors
Superscalar processor facsimiles the hardware on the processor to perform various tasks at a time. These
used for ALUs or multipliers. They have di erent operational units and these processors can carry out
command by continuously transmitting several instructions to the extra operational units inside the processo

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The Application Specific Integrated Circuit

The short term of Application Specific Integrated Circuit processor is an ASIC. These processors  are used for p
that includes of automotive emissions control or personal digital assistant’s computer. This type of proce
proper specification, but apart from these it can also be made with o the shelf gears.

Digital Signal Multiprocessors

Digital signal processors are also called as DSP’s, these processors are used to encode and decode the video
D/A (digital to analog) &A/D (analog to digital). They need a microprocessor that is excellent in mathematica
chips of this processor are employed in RADAR, home theaters, SONAR, audio gears, TV set top boxes and Mob

There are many companies like Intel, Motorola, DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation ), TI (Texas Instrument
many microprocessors such as 8085 microprocessors, ASIC, CISM, RISC, DSPs and 8086 microprocessors like In

Advantages and Disadvantages of Microprocessors

The advantages of microprocessors are

The processing speed is high

Intelligence has been brought to systems
Flexible.
Compact size.
Easy maintenance
Complex mathematics

Some of the disadvantages of microprocessor are it might get overheated and the limitation of the micropro
size of data.

The applications of the microprocessors mainly involve in controllers in home appliances, wireless
equipments, o ice publication and automation, consumer electronic goods, calculators, accounting syst
industrial controllers and data acquisition systems

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Applications of Microprocessor

This is all about types and evolution of microprocessor.The availability of  microprocessor with low powe
weight and computing capability make it useful in various applications. In present days, a microprocessor
used in automatic testing product, tra ic signal  control systems, instructions,  speed control of motors, , etc
doubts regarding this article or electronic and electrical projects, please give your comments in the commen
is a question for you, which stack is used in 8085 microprocessor?

Don’t Miss: Know about di erence between microprocessor and microcontroller.

Photo Credits:

Microprocessor by electronicshub
Evolution of Microprocessor by bhs4
Types of Microprocessor by blogspot

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AC/DC DC/DC 8085 Microprocessor DEL to LON Flights Microproc

Fundamentals Architecture, Features and brief i
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2 Comments

Sai Says:
at
Superrr

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Sai
I sincerely appreciate your kind response regarding my article
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