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Ahmad Reza Taheri Asl 1, Amir Hossein Zaeri2, Behzad Bahraminejad3, Foroogh Torki4
1- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Majlesi branch, Iran
E-mail: taheri_1977@yahoo.com
2- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamic Azad University, Majlesi branch, Iran
E-mail: Amzaeri@yahoo.com
3- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamic Azad University, Majlesi branch, Iran
E-mail: combahraminejad@gmail.com
4- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Iran
E-mail: f_torki@stu.yazduini.ac.ir
ABSTRACT:
Rising energy prices and growing energy technologies are encouraging consumers and governments to investment in
renewable energy sources. Biogas is a kind of these renewable energies sources which have been considered in
electrical energy generation. Biogas can be obtained of different natural wastes like municipal sewages, animal wastes,
agricultural wastes and industrial wastes. So biogas recovery systems can be established in all places where can access
to mentioned resources. This shows simplicity, abundance and accessibility of this type of energy generation. This
paper has focused on different parts of power generation from biogas-municipal wastewater system and has been
introduced some important and simple actions that can increase efficiency and thus the electricity generation.
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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2014
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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2014
Units 1 and 2 which collectively are called primary As mentioned in the previous section, the efficiency of
treatment are responsible of suspended solids removal anaerobic digester depends on suitable environment
from wastewater and preparation sewage for entering to and nutrients for bacteria. Since the bacteria have no
secondary treatment. Sections of the primary treatment ability to move themselves, so mixing can be effective
include trash-stuck, sedimentation, flotation, in increasing the efficiency of anaerobic digester.
neutralization and balancing. The factor that is Now the mixing operation is accomplished by a mixer
important in this unit is the amount of Biological which is controlled by a motor with variable speed. But
Oxygen Demand (BOD) in incoming sewage. sometimes it's not enough for mixing. For example,
According to what will be presented in the next section when temperature of the sludge of digester decreases,
control of this factor can increase system efficiency. because of cooling down the environment or entering
[7], [8], [9] cold sewage from treatment plant, bacterial growth rate
Unit 3, Secondary treatment, is includes all biological reduce and rate of biogas production decrease.
treatment processes which are done in both aerobic and Therefore, side operations such as heating content of
anaerobic treatment. Conventional methods of digester and injecting obtained gas into the digester
secondary treatment of sewage include: Activated could make mixing operations more effective.
sludge method, Continuous aeration and Aerated Unavailable or insufficient food for bacteria is limiting
lagoons. activity of bacterial and PH Value of the digester
Unit 4, digester, is the most important part of the biogas contents goes to acidic environment. Thus measuring
production system. Because of most main factors to the PH can be an appropriate metrics for controlling
control quality and quantity of biogas, are available in mixing operation. Increasing speed of mixers can be
this unit. In other words, by controlling these factors in effective in primary controlling the process. But if it is
this unit, quality and volume of biogas and electricity not effective, lateral and auxiliary operations can be
can be administrated. Digesters are divided into two used to improve the bacteria environment. One of
types, Aerobic and anaerobic, that anaerobic type is which is the addition of buffering materials.
used in the biogas production from municipal One factor in this case is to increase the bio
wastewater. [8] temperature of the bacteria. Raising temperature of
Anaerobic digester is a tank sealed which mud is digester in emergency situations by lateral processes
entered to it and heated. In the absence of oxygen, can help to reduce its acidity. So temperature of some
anaerobic bacteria grow by consuming solid waste points inside the digester is measured by some sensors
sectors and produce methane and carbon dioxide and calculated subtraction of them to predict
(biogas). Efficiency of anaerobic digesters depends on temperature changes of digester environment in future.
providing appropriate environment for bacteria and So before creating acidic environment, temperature of
feeding them. [8] the digester begins to rise. Therefore, use of heat
Units 5 and 6 are responsible for guarantying quality exchangers in the digester is proposed. These
and pressure of biogas before entering to power exchangers can be selected from two central and side
generation unit. Currently, due to inadequate controls Heat exchangers.
in this unit, instability in power generation is seen. It is noteworthy that in order to recovery exhaust heat
Some simple actions are suggested in next section to of gas engines and reduce energy consumption, output
increase stability and efficiency of power generation. steam or hot water of gas engine (is called CHP unit)
[7] can be used.
Unit 6 and 7 are consisting of one or more gas engines Another effort which can be effectively in improving
and convertor devices to generate electricity. It's the mixing process is injection the obtained gas into the
obvious that efficiency of engines and convertors can digester environment. If bacteria living environment is
affect the efficiency of the entire system. far from prepare situation, amount of gas produced by
them will be decreasing. This causes that gas pressure
3. SIMPLE ACTIONS TO INCREASE SYSTEM in top of the digester tank decline. While for receiving
EFFICIENCY gas from the digester continuously (which is one of the
As mentioned in the previous section biogas production main objectives) pressure at top of the digester should
systems from municipal wastewater which have already be always positive and higher than a certain level. The
been designed and implemented have flaws and defects pressure much less means that environment is not
that greatly reduce system efficiency. In this paper suitable for bacteria. Therefore, ambient air is
some strategies are presented to overcome these introduced into the digester and causing the digester
deficiencies. goes out of anaerobic state. So the growth of bacteria
and methane-making process will disrupt.
3.1. Adding extra equipment in digestion mixture Therefor pressure changes at top of digester can show
process PH changes. One of simple actions to increase the gas
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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2014
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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2014
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper we propose some simple and low cost
instruments to optimize power generation from
wastewater system. These actions can be used in all
parts of the system: wastewater refinery plant, biogas
production of wastewater sludge and power generation
of biogas. These help power generation process in
critical conditions to repair itself faster.
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