1.

Muscles of the Floor of the Mouth and Tongue

a. Mylohyoid (submandibular) – Raises floor of the mouth in breathing
b. Submental – Pushes sublingual tubercle on lower jaw against
premaxillae to close external nares in respiration
c. Geniohyoid – Pulls hyoid forward, lifts floor of mouth in respiration;
aids in swallowing, opening jaw, moving tongue
2. Pectoral Girdle and Arm
a. Deltoid – draws arm forward
b. Sterno-radialis (biceps) – extends forearm
c. Pectoralis – adducts, flees and rotates the arm
3. Abdominal Wall
a. Rectus abdominis – supports abdomen; holds sternum
b. External oblique – supports and compresses abdomen; also
compresses lungs
c. Transversus – same as external oblique
4. Back and Pelvic Girdle
a. Dorsalis scapulae – raises arm towards body
b. Lastissimus dorsi – raises arm upward and backward
c. Longissimus dorsi – straightens back, raises head
d. Coccygeo-sacralis – singly, turns back; both muscles, raises back
e. Coccygeo-iliacus – holds urostyle in place
f. Gluteus – draws thigh forward and upward
g. Pyriformis – raises thigh
5. Thigh
a. Triceps femoris
i. Vastus externus
ii. Rectus anticus femoris
iii. Vastus internus – draws (adducts) thigh against trunk, also
extends shank
b. Ileofibularis (biceps femoris) – draws (adducts) thigh against trunk,
also extends shank
c. Semimembranosus – flexes shank
d. Gracilis major (rectus internus minor) – flexes shank, adducts thigh
e. Gracilis minor (rectus internus minor) – flexes shank, adducts thigh
f. Sartorius – flexes shank, adducts thigh
 g. Adductor magnus – adducts thigh and leg
h. Adductor longus – adducts thigh and leg
i. Semitendinosus – adducts thigh and flexes shank
6. Shank
a. Gastrocnemius – extends foot and flexes shank
b. Peroneus – draws shank against thigh (before leaping or swimming),
also extends or twists foot
c. Tibialis anticus – flexes ankle
d. Tibialis posticus – flexes and twists ankle
e. Extensor cruris – extends shank