HISTORY OF RADIO AND RADIO BROADCASTING
Guglielmo Marconi (1894)
1864
o Wireless communication became a theoretical
proposition
o Scottish mathematician and physicist James
Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of
invisible electromagnetic
1887
o German physicist Heinrich Hertz conducted
experiments to prove that Maxwell's theories
were correct
1890s
o four inventors simultaneously worked on
wireless transmission and detection
1. Edouard Branly
• French physicist
• invented a signal detector
called a "coherer" that
consisted of a glass tube filled
with metal filings that reacted
when a signal was detected.
2. Oliver Lodge
• English physicist
• worked on the principle of
resonance tuning, which
allowed the transmitter and
receiver to operate on the same
frequency.
1890s
 four inventors simultaneously worked on
wireless transmission and detection
3. Alexander Popoff
• Russian
• developed a better coherer and
a vertical-receiving antenna
4.
• Italian
• created a wireless system
capable of sending and
detecting a signal
1894
 Marconi created a wireless system that was
capable of sending and detecting a signal.
1906
 Canadian Reginald Fessenden created a wireless
system that would transmit speech. In 1906, De
Forest also took credit for creating one of the
most important wireless components, the
Audion — a triode vacuum tube that amplified
signals and improved reception.
1912
 Edwin Armstrong discovered the principle of
regeneration. Regeneration enhanced the
quality of signal amplification and produced an
oscillating signal, or carrier wave, which became
the founding principle behind modern radio
transmitters.
 The name for wireless evolved along with the
technology. Known first as the "wireless
telegraph," it transitioned to "radiotelegraphy"
and "radiotelephony" (transmission of the
human voice). The term was shortened to
"radio"
1917
 America Enters world war 1
 During the war, as a security measure, the U.S.
Navy took over the operation of all radio
stations, even those owned by American
Marconi, and closed most amateur and
experimental stations.
1919 During the War...

 After the war, American Marconi attempted to 1941

return to business as usual, but opposition to a
foreign company having a monopoly over  Japanese invasion
wireless communications in the United States  There were 6 commercial radio stations
eventually led General Electric (GE) to buy a 1942
controlling interest in American Marconi.
 Aguinaldo urged MacArthur to surrender
through KZRH
Birth of Radio Broadcasting in the Philippines

Before the War… End of War...

1922 1945

 Henry Herman opened three 50-watt radio  KZFM was the first to be established after the
stations as a demonstration channel for his war
electrical supply business.  CALL LETTERS FROM K – D

 Owner of Manila-based Electrical Supply 1947

Company  Francisko “Koko” Trinidad
 Wanted to broadcast music to a number of  Father of PH Broadcasting attended the
radio receiving set owners and test the business International Telecommunication Union in US
potential of broadcasting.  He proposed to use RP but it was denied.
 ITU gave ‘D’ as a replacement for ‘K’
1924

 After two years, the experimental stations were PHILIPPINE RADIO BROADCASTING UNDER MARTIAL
replaced by 100-watt stations LAW

 October 4, 1924 – it was sold to RCP (Radio During the Martial, the number of radio stations
Corporation of the PH) allowed to operate reduced in number:

1929  Berfore Martial Law:

o Metro Manila – 52 Radio Stations
 RCP put up KZRC in Cebu. A station outside  During Martial Law:
Manila o 33 Radio stations; 11 are FM
1931 1979
 Radio Control Board  270 radio stations were operating with permits
1939 from BMC

 KZRH signed on air. (last two letters stand for  231 – operated commercially
Radio Heacock)  14 – non-commercially
 KZRH was renamed as DZRH which the oldest  25 – government owned
existing radio station in the country.
PHILIPPINE RADIO BROADCASTING UNDER MARTIAL
LAW
RADYO VERITAS
 Run by the Catholic Church in the PH
RADYO BANDIDO
 After Radyo Veritas was bombed, Radyo
Bandido continued broadcasing anti-Marcos
campaigns
HISTORY OF TELEVISION AND TELEVISION
BROADCASTING
1878
 William Crookes confirmed the existence of
cathode rays by building a tube to display them
in.
1897
 German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun
constructs the cathode ray tube scanning
device.
1900
 Russian Constantin Perskyi introduces the word
"television" at the 1st International Congress of
Electricity at the World's Fair in Paris.
1905
 Philipp Lenard wins the Nobel Prize in physics
for his research on cathode rays.
1907
 A.A. Campbell Swinton in England and Boris
Rosing in Russia independently propose an
electronic scanning system in which a cathode
ray tube could produce an image on a
phosphorus-coated screen.
1923
 Vladimir Zworykin, working for Westinghouse
Electric, patents the iconoscope, a television
transmission tube and in 1924, patents the
kinescope, the receiver tube.
1925
 In England, John Logie Baird demonstrates the
first moving television pictures via a mechanical
system based on Nipkow's disk.
1927
 Philo Farnsworth transmits the first electronic
television image and applies for a patent on the
first complete electronic system, the Image
Dissector.
1933
 W9XK, State University of Iowa, makes the first
television broadcast from an educational
institution.
1935
 Germany began broadcasting its
nonexperimental national television service
1936
 RCA displays a 343-line TELEVISION for the press
as part of NBC's 10th anniversary celebration.
1937
 England's British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) began broadcasting the following year.
The coronation of King George VI and the
Wimbledon tennis tournament are televised in
England. Nine thousand sets are sold in London.
1939
 RCA's station W2XBS begins the industry's first
regular schedule of television service to 4,000
locally-owned sets on April 30, 1939, showing
President Roosevelt opening the 1939 New York
World's Fair.
1941
 The FCC authorizes commercial television to
begin on July 1.
1946
 Television sets went on sale again, and network
television began to provide programming.
1950
 “Golden Age” of Television
 The new medium of television was replacing the
old medium of radio.
1953
 By the time President Dwight D. Eisenhower
took office, about one-half of the homes in the
United States had television sets, and mass
media was changing forever.
1980s
 Satellite technology started to come into
frequent use by the news networks, allowing
live or same-day recorded broadcasts from
remote parts of the country and the world.
1990s
 Satellite technology allowed live coverage of
missile attacks and fighting during the Gulf War.
Portable satellite dishes allowed transmission
from Kuwait before the first liberation troops
arrived.
TELEVISION BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPINES
James Lindenberg
 founded Bolinao Electronic Company (BEC)
 “Father of Philippine Television”
 Saw the potential of TV in PH
1949
 Application for license to establish a television
station
June 14, 1950
 His application was granted. But because of lack
of raw materials and strict rules during those
times, he branched out instead to RADIO
BROADCASTING.
Judge Antonio Quirino
 He had the same vision as JL to bring television
to the PH but he could not get license to
operate because of political reasons (Congress
thought he’ll use TV to campaign for his brother,
President Elpidio Quirino)
1952
 He bought 70% of BEC, an existing corporation
 He changed BEC to ABS (Alto Broadcasting
System)
 JL was made general manager of the station
As a result he sourced out and negotiated with David
Sarnoff, the president of Radio Corporation of America.
They provided TV sets and materials and trained
people:
 Arcadio Carandang
 Romualdo Carballo
 Harry Chaney
 Jose Navarro
October 23, 1953
 The first telecast was made in DZAQ-TV Channel
3 (the first TV station introduced by
ABS/Quirino)
 DZAQ-TV3 had a 4 hours a day sched from 6-10
PM with shows imported from US (ABC, CBS
AND NBC) Reason: IT WAS CHEAPER
 Father James Reuter – Jesuit and a
drama coach
1958
 Chronicle Broadcasting Network was
established by the Lopez (Eugenio Sr. and
Fernando)
 ABS was bought by the Lopez Family who
owned Chronicle Broadcasting Network. This
signalled the birth of ABS-CBN.
  DZBB-TV Channel 7, established on October 29,
1961 by the Republic Broadcasting System
(RBS), owned by Robert “Uncle Bob” Stewart
 DZTM-TV Channel 5, established in 1962 by the
Associated Broadcasting Corporation (ABC),
owned by the Roces family, the publisher of The
Manila Times
 DZTV Channel 13 in 1977, run by Inter-Island
Broadcasting Corporation (IBC), owned by
Andres Soriano
 DZRH-TV Channel 11 of Manila Broadcasting
Company (MBC), owned by Manuel Elizalde
 Even the government-owned Philippine
Broadcast Service launched its television
station, Channel 10 in 1961.
TELEVISION DURING MARTIAL LAW
 September 21, 1972 – FEM declared Martial
Law
 The late dictator ordered the takeover of all
media stations to prevent COMMUNIST
PROPAGANDA
 All media outlets that were critical to
the administration were shut down
except those who are Marcos cronies.
 GTV Channel 4 – Office of the Press
Secretary Francisco Tatad and National
Media Production Center of Gregorio
Cendana
 FEM closed all seven Manila-based stations
existing in 1972 except three:
 Channel 9 and 13 – controlled by
ROBERT BENEDICTO
 Channel 7 (Bob Stewart) – allowed to
operate with limited three-month
permits.
 ABS-CBN – taken from the LOPEZ family
and Eugenio Lopez Jr. was imprisoned
1973
 Channel 7 (BS) was forced to sell 70 percent of
the stocks to investors that changed RBS to
Greater Manila Area (GMA) Radio Television
Arts.
 Gilberto Duavit: controlled GMA-RTA
 Viewers had channels 2, 9, and 13 all ran by
Robert Benedicto; Channel 7 by Duavit and
channel 4 owned by the Ministry of
Information.
 DZXL-TV Channel of CBN was sold to Benedicto
who changed CBN to KBS (Kanlaon
Broadcasting Company)
 Benedicto took over ABS-CBN studios in QC.
August 1973
 KBS (by Benedicto) was broadcasting on all ABS-
CBN channels
1974
 Salvador “Buddy” Tan, general manager of KBS,
reopened Channel 2 as BBC (Banahaw
Broadcasting Corporation)
THERE ARE NOW TWO BENEDICTO STATIONS:
 KBS Channel 9
 BBC Channel 2
1980
 Gregorio Cendana was named as the Minister of
Information so
 GTV Channel 4 was named as the Maharlika
Broadcasting System
RADIO BROADCASTING o Entertainment & Comedy

Two types of Radio Broadcasting  Evening (7 p.m. – 12 a.m)

1. AM (Amplitude Modulation); DZBB, DZRH o Music Chart Show

2. FM (Frequency Moduation); Love Radio, IFM
o Live Music
As of 2006, there are 971 Radio Stations:
 Overnight (12:00 a.m. – 6:00 a.m)
 375 AM Stations
o Music Show
 596 FM Stations
ELEMENTS OF RADIO BROADCASTING

 Presenters/ Reporters

 Script

 Producer

 Audio Technician

ELEMENTS OF SOUND

 Music Bed
 Sound Byte
 Breaker

 Advertisers
TYPES OF RADIO PROGRAMS
 Call Letters
• Spoken Word

• Music
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
CLASSIFICATION TIME
Prominent Industries: International
 Morning Drive (6 a.m.–10 a.m.)
1. Walt Disney (DIS)
o Breakfast/ Morning Show
• Media Networks
o News & Weather
• Parks & Resorts
o Sportscast
• Studio Entertainment
 Day time (10 a.m.–3 p.m.)
• Consumer Products
o Call-in or Requests Shows
• Interactive Media
o Talk Show
2. Twenty – First Century Fox Inc. (FOX)
o Radio Drama / Soap Opera
• Cable Network Programming
 Afternoon Drive (3 p.m. – 7 p.m.)
• Filmed Entertainment
o Factual
 • Television FICTIONAL PROGRAMS

• Direct Broadcast Satellite  Based on any story, play or novel or

fictional work comes under this
3. Time Warner Inc. (TWX) category
• Networks TYPES OF FICTIONAL PROGRAMS
• Filmes Entertainment  Soap Opera
• Publishing  Epic Serial
4. Viacom Inc.  Sitcoms
• Nickelodeon  Series
• Paramount Pictures  Countdown Shows
• Spike TV  Telefilm
Prominent Industries: Local
 Cartoon Show
1. ABS – CBN (Channel 2)  Advertisement
• Owned by the Lopez Family

2. GMA (Channel 7) ELEMENTS OF TV BROADCASTING

• Owned by the Gozon-Duavit-Jimenez
 The Production Team
Family
 Pre-productions
3. PTV (People’s Television)
 Photography

 Post Production
TELEVISION PROGRAMS

NON-FICTIONAL PROGRAMS
EFFECTS OF RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING
a. Based on reality
WAR OF THE WORLDS
b. There is no fiction or epic
 Panic / Hysteria

 Mass Stampedes
TYPES OF NON-FICTIONAL PROGRAMS
 Suicide
 News/ News Program
 Shock / Heart Attacks (rumor)
 Documentary
 Asked where they can donate blood
 Reality Show
 Angry listeners
 Variety Shows
 Amazement
 Live Shows
DEVELOPMENT OF POP MUSIC

 Live Music Performances

REGIONAL SOUNDS TAKE HOLD

 Boost of Regional Music

 Microphones

 Exposure of Singers and Artists

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

 Acculturation / Polarization

 Awareness

 Entertainment

 Advertisement