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VOLUME 4
3.4.12.5
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
SECTION 3.4.12.5
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
2
- conductor size mm 2500 2500
2.6 Rated short duration power frequency withstand voltage kV 460 460
3.0 Ratings
3.1 Maximum continuous direct-buried current rating, assuming,
o
- Ground temperature at burial depth of 40 C 40
- Soil thermal resistivity TR = 2.0K.m/W (see spec.) 2.0(backfill 1.2)
- Flat spaced configuration, phase spacing of 400mm (min) 400
- Special bonding of metal sheaths Cross-bonding
For,
Guaranteed Current Rating (Single Circuit in Trench) A 1352 1378.5
Guaranteed Current Rating (Double Circuit in one Trench, A 1352 1179.6(85% of 1cct
distance between middle phases, s = 1500 mm) operation)
Calculation Method IEC 60287 IEC 60287
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
220kV XLPE INSULATED CABLE SYSTEM (515 MVA) DATA
UNIT
(with special bonding) Required Offered
3.2 Maximum continuous in-air current rating, assuming,
o
- Air temperature (in shade) of 50 C Yes
- Special bonding of metal sheaths Single-point
- Flat spaced configuration, phase spacing of 250mm Yes
- Thermally independent of other cable circuits Yes
For,
Guaranteed Current Rating (single circuit) A 1352 1695.3
Calculation Method IEC 60287 IEC 60287
o
3.3 Maximum permissible core temperature for continuous C 90 90
operation
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
220kV XLPE INSULATED CABLE SYSTEM (515 MVA) DATA
UNIT
(with special bonding) Required Offered
- Nominal thickness mm 1.5
- Minimum thickness mm 1.0
- Nominal overall diameter mm Approx.67.4
- Compound Identification Reference Yes LS-9405S
4.3 Insulation
- Material XLPE XLPE
- Nominal thickness mm 22 22.0
- Minimum thickness mm 19.8
- Nominal overall diameter mm Approx.112.4
o
- Maximum continuous operating temperature C 90 90
- Compound Identification Reference Yes LE-4201S
Maximum stress at nominal voltage
- At conductor screen kV/mm 7.5
- At insulation screen kV/mm 4.5
Maximum stress at impulse voltage
- At conductor screen kV/mm 60.9
- At insulation screen kV/mm 36.5
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
220kV XLPE INSULATED CABLE SYSTEM (515 MVA) DATA
UNIT
(with special bonding) Required Offered
- Type and material Semi-cond
swellable tape(s)
- Nominal thickness mm 0.45
- Minimum thickness mm 0.1
- Nominal overall diameter over bedding mm Approx.122.0
5.0 Losses
5.1 Maximum dielectric loss per metre / phase when operating at W/m 0.70
nominal voltage and frequency and at maximum conductor
temperature
5.2 Maximum sheath loss per metre / phase when operating at W/m 1.42
nominal voltage and frequency and at current rating stipulated
in Item 1.11. with sheath bonded and earthed as
recommended (sectionalizing cross bonding)
5.3 Maximum conductor loss per metre / phase when operating at W/m 20.41
nominal voltage and frequency and at current rating stipulated
in Item 1.11.
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
220kV XLPE INSULATED CABLE SYSTEM (515 MVA) DATA
UNIT
(with special bonding) Required Offered
5.4 Total loss of cable per metre / phase of three phase circuit W/m 22.53
6.6 Charging capacity of three phase system (at Uo) VAr/m 4541.4kVAR
7.3 Maximum sheath potential of completed cable with conductor V/m 6.4747
at maximum earth fault current of 40 kA with sheath bonded
and earthed as recommended
8.0 Testing
8.1 Routine Tests
- As per IEC 62067 Yes Yes
- Additional tests specified in KAHRAMAA spec. Yes Yes
8.2 Sample Tests
- 5Uo for 1 hour (as per KAHRAMAA spec.) Yes Yes
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TECHNICAL SCHEDULES FOR 220 KV XLPE INSULATED CABLE
SYSTEM
220kV XLPE INSULATED CABLE SYSTEM (515 MVA) DATA
UNIT
(with special bonding) Required Offered
- Test Regime IEC 62067 IEC 62067
- Location of Test Gumi, Korea
- Date of Test Feb. 27, 2012
- Name of independent witness KEMA
8.4 Prequalification Test
- Test Regime IEC 62067
- Date completed Sep. 22, 2006
- Location of Test Milan, Italy
- Name of independent witness CESI
8.5 Commissioning Tests
- AC voltage withstand test 1.7Uo for 1 hour 1.7Uo for 1 hour
- Partial discharge monitoring <10pC <10pC
- Oversheath DC voltage test kV 12kV for 1 minutes 12kV for 1 minutes
9.3 Maximal side wall bearing pressure to the cable at bending kN/m 4.9
points
9.5 Maximal weight of full drum with maximum delivery length of kg Approx.37600
cable (normal drum)
Page 9 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Continuous current carrying capacity for 220kV XLPE 1Cx2500sqmm Cable is calculated under conditions shown below. The cable
metallic sheaths are cross bonded.
400
1500
Min. 12m
Where,
s : Distance between conductor axes 400.0 [mm]
L0 : Load factor 1
μ : Load loss factor (0.3L0+0.7L02) 1
θa : Ambient temperature 40 [℃]
Δθ : Conductor temperature rise above ambient temperature 50 [℃]
2. Formula
Calculation is made in accordance with IEC 60287 (International Electrotechnical Commission) and IEC TR 62095.
2.1 Permissible Current Ratings of Cables - IEC 60287-1-1 Clause 1.4.1.1. (excluding armor)
Wd 0.5 T1 nTS T3 T4
1/2
I
RT1 R 1 1CW TS nR 1 1 T3 T4
Where,
I Current flowing in one conductor [A]
R A.C. resistance per unit length of the conductor at maximum operating temperature [Ω/m]
Wd Dielectric loss per unit length for insulation surrounding conductor [W/m]
T1 Thermal resistance per unit length between one conductor and sheath [K.m/W]
TS Thermal Resistance of Swellable Tape between Copper Wires and Lead Sheath [K.m/W]
T3 Thermal resistance per unit length of the external serving of cable [K.m/W]
T4 Thermal resistance per unit length between cable surface and surrounding medium [K.m/W]
n Number of load-carrying conductors in cable
λ1 Ratio of the losses in metallic sheath to total losses of all conductor
λ1CW Ratio of the losses in copper wires shield to total losses of all conductor
Page 10 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Where,
R' D.C. resistance of conductor at maximum operating temperature 9.181E-06 [Ω/m]
ys Skin effect factor 0.161
yp Proximity effect factor 0.009
Where,
R0 D.C. resistance of conductor at 20℃ 7.200E-06 [Ω/m]
α20 Constant mass temperature coefficient at 20℃ per Kelvin 0.00393
θ Maximum operating temperature 90 [℃]
4 2 2
Xp dc dc 1.18
yp 4 s 0.312 s 4
0.00907
192 0.8 X p Xp
4
0 .27
192 0.8 X p
Where,
2 8πf
Xp 10 7 k p 5.064
R'
2
Wd ωCU0 tan δ 0.70 [W/m]
Where,
C Capacitance per unit length
ε
C 10 9 2.765E-10 [F/m]
D
18 ln i
dc
ε Relative permittivity of insulation 2.5
Di External diameter of insulation 111.4 [mm]
dc Diameter of conductor including screen 67.4 [mm]
U0 Voltage to earth 127,000 [V]
tanδ Loss factor of the insulation at the operating frequency and temperature 0.0005
Page 11 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
2.4 Loss Factor for Sheath and Screen - IEC 60287-1-1 Clause 2.3.2 & 2.3.6
2.4.1 Circulating Current Loss Factor for Sheath and Screen - IEC 60287-1-1 Clause 2.3.2
1 ' Circulating Current Loss Factor (In case of Section Lengths are unknown) 0.017
** There is no unbalanced minor section up to now. Then circulating current loss factor is 0.
However during the project, section length could be changed. Therefore in this calculation is done according to IEC 60287-1-1
which is 20% section length difference between shortest and longest minor section.
Rs 1
λ1 ' cF 0.017
R R
2
1 s
X
s
X 4f 107 ln23 2 1.457E-04
d
p2 q2 1 p pq q
cF 3.906E-03
p q 12
Where,
s Distance between cable axes Flat Formation → s 3 s 12 s 23 s 31 504 [mm]
s12 Distance between cable phase 1 and 2 400 [mm]
s23 Distance between cable phase 2 and 3 400 [mm]
s31 Distance between cable phase 3 and 1 800 [mm]
p = ℓ2 / ℓ1 1.000
q = ℓ3 / ℓ1 1.200
ℓ1 The shortest minor section length 550 [m]
ℓ2 The second longest minor section length 550 [m]
ℓ3 The longest minor section length 660 [m]
Rs Parallel Resistance of Copper Wire and Lead Sheath 5.270E-05 [Ω/m]
R copperwires R Lead
R s R copperwires // R Lesd
R copperwires R Lead
RCopperWire Resistance of Copper Wires at Operating Temperature 6.656E-05 [Ω/m]
RLead Resistance of Lead Sheath at Operating Temperature 2.531E-04 [Ω/m]
IC RCoppoer wires
I (Circulation)
IL RLead
Page 12 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
2.4.2 Eddy Current Loss Factor for Sheath and Screen - IEC 60287-1-1 Clause 2.3.6
Rs ( t )4
1L " gs 0 (1 1 2 ) 1 s 12 0.053
R 12 10
1.74
t
gs 1 s (β1Ds 10 3 1.6) 1.004
Ds
0.5
4πω
β1 7 38.398
10 ρ
s
ω
m 10 7 0.124
Rs
m2 d 2
λ0 6 2.225E-03
1 m2 2s
1.4m 0.7
d
Δ1 0.86m3.08 2.758E-04
2s
Δ2 0 0
Where,
Rs Resistance of Lead Sheath at Operating Temperature 2.527E-04 [Ω/m]
s
Rs 10 6
d ts
Page 13 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
2
θs θmax Wc 1 Wd T1 83 [℃]
Where,
θmax Maximum Operating Conductor Temperature 90 [℃]
Wc Conductor Losses when Two Circuit Cables Operating 19.63 [W/m]
Wd Dielectric Losses 0.70 [W/m]
2.5.1 Thermal Resistance between One Conductor and Sheath, T1 - IEC 60287-2-1 Clause 2.1.1.1
(1) Thermal Resistance between Conductor and Conductor Screen, T1' - IEC 60287-2-1 Clause 2.1.1.1
ρ T_BT 2t ρ T_CS 2t
T1 ' ln1 BT
ln1 CS 0.040 [K.m/W]
2π dc 2π dBT
Where,
ρT_BT Thermal Resistivity of Conuctor Binding Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
tBT Thickness of Conductor Binding Tape(s) 0.7 [mm]
dc Diameter over Conductor excluding Conductor Screen 63.0 [mm]
ρT_CS Thermal Resistivity of Conductor Screen 2.5 [K.m/W]
tCS Thickness of Conductor Screen 1.5 [mm]
dBT Diameter over Binding Tape(s) 64.4 [mm]
(2) Thermal Resistance of Cable Insulation, T1'' - IEC 60287-2-1 Clause 2.1.1.1
ρT 2t
T1 ' ' ln1 1 0.280 [K.m/W]
2π dCS
Where,
ρT Thermal Resistivity of Insulation 3.5 [K.m/W]
t1 Thickness of Insulation 22.0 [mm]
dCS Diameter over Conductor Screen 67.4 [mm]
(3) Thermal Resistance between Cable Insulation and Metallic Layer, T1''' - IEC 60287-2-1 Clause 2.1.1.1
ρ T_IS 2t ρ 2t
T1 ' ' ' ln1 IS T_ST ln1 ST
0.013 [K.m/W]
2π dI 2π dIS
Where,
ρT_IS Thermal Resistivity of Insulation screen 2.5 [K.m/W]
tIS Thickness of Insulation Screen 1.2 [mm]
dI Diameter over Insulation 112.4 [mm]
ρT_ST Thermal Resistivity of Water Swellable Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
tST Thickness of Insulation Screen including Water Swellable Tape(s) 0.3 [mm]
dIS Diameter over Insulation Screen 114.8 [mm]
Page 14 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
2.5.2 Thermal Resistance of Swellable Tape between Copper Wires and Lead Sheath, T s - IEC 60287-2-1 Clause 2.1.1.1
T _ ST 2t
Ts ln1 1 _ ST 0.014 [K.m/W]
2 DCW
Where,
ρT_ST Thermal Resistivity of Swellable Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
t1_ST Thickness of Swellable Tape(s) 0.9 [mm]
dCW Diameter over Copper Wires 120.2 [mm]
Where,
ρT_AC Thermal Resistivity of Anti-Corrosion Layer 6.0 [K.m/W]
tAC Thickness of Anti-Corrosion Layer 0.2 [mm]
Da' External Diameter of Shielding or Armor 127.8 [mm]
ρT_OC Thermal Resistivity of Outer Covering 3.5 [K.m/W]
tOC Thickness of Outer Covering 4.5 [mm]
dAC External Diameter of Anti-Corrosion Layer 128.2 [mm]
D q
ρ 1 d' pk
T4 T
2π
ln x μ ln u u 2 1 μ
De Wp
k 1
Wk ln
d pk
When One Circuit Operating
When Two Circuits Operating
1.352 [K.m/W]
1.721 [K.m/W]
k p
Where,
ρT Equivalent TR Value 1.2000 [K.m/W]
u 2L / Dx (If load loss factor is 1, Dx=De) 16.92
L Distance from the surface of ground to cable group 1,169.1 [mm]
Dx Fictitious diameter, 6.12x104*sqrt(δ*hcycle) (If load loss factor is 1, Dx=De) 138.2 [mm]
δ Thermal diffusitivity 4.0E-07 [m2/s]
hcycle Length of cycle 24 [hr]
De Outer diameter of cable 138.2 [mm]
μ Load loss factor 1.000
d'pk Distance from the center of pth cable to the center of reflection of kth cable [mm]
dpk Distance from the center of pth cable to the center of kth cable [mm]
Wp Loss Dissipated by Cable p (The Hottest Cable) [W/m]
Wk Loss Dissipated by Cable k (Other Cables except the Hottest Cable) [W/m]
▼
220kV 220kV
Cable No.
R Y B R Y B
Conductor Size [sqmm] 2500 2500
Total Loss [W/m] 21.85 21.85 21.85 21.85 21.85 21.85
Ratio of Loss 1 1 1 1 1 1
d'pk 2372 2338 2372 2584 2778 3013
dpk 400 0 400 1100 1500 1900
Location - Hor. [mm] 400 0 400 1100 1500 1900
Location - Ver. [mm] 1169 1169 1169 1169 1169 1169
0.340 0.672 0.340 0.163 0.118 0.088
Page 15 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
CORR N
T4 (e c ) ln(u u2 1) 0.505 [K.m/W]
2
Where,
N Number of cables installed within special backfill 3
ρe Thermal resistivity of the surrounding soil 2 [K.m/W]
ρc Thermal resistivity of the special backfill 1.2 [K.m/W]
uu = LG / rb 2.01
LG LG Depth of laying to center of special backfill 975 [mm]
rb rb Equivalent radius of special backfill section 485
x x Shorter side of the special backfill section 750 [mm]
y y Longer side of the special backfill section 1200 [mm]
CORR N
T4 (e c ) ln(u u2 1) 0.915 [K.m/W]
2
Where,
N Number of cables installed within special backfill 6
ρe Thermal resistivity of the surrounding soil 2 [K.m/W]
ρc Thermal resistivity of the special backfill 1.2 [K.m/W]
uu = LG / rb 1.81
LG LG Depth of laying to center of special backfill 975 [mm]
rb rb Equivalent radius of special backfill section 539
x x Shorter side of the special backfill section 750 [mm]
y y Longer side of the special backfill section 2400 [mm]
Wd 0.5 T1 nTS T3 T4
1/2
When One Circuit Operating 1,378.5 [A]
I
RT
1 R 1 1CW TS nR 1
1 3 T T
4 When Two Circuits Operating 1,179.6 [A]
Note) 1. Ampacity Requirement: 1352A (515MVA, 100% Load) for All Circuit Operation
1150A (85% Load) for More Than Two Circuits Operation
Page 16 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Continuous current carrying capacity for 220kV XLPE 1Cx2500sqmm Cable is calculated under conditions shown below.
The cable metallic sheaths are cross bonded.
2100
250
850 750
Fig. 1 Typical Installation Drawing of Cable (Subject to Change during Engineering Stage)
Where,
s : Distance between conductor axes 250.0 [mm]
L0 : Load Factor 1
Lf : Loss Factor (0.3L0+0.7L02) 1.000
θa : Ambient temperature 50 [℃]
Δθ : Conductor temperature rise above ambient temperature 40 [℃]
2. Formula
Where,
I Current flowing in one conductor [A]
R A.C. resistance per unit length of the conductor at maximum operating temperature [Ω/m]
Wd Dielectric loss per unit length for insulation surrounding conductor [W/m]
T1 Thermal resistance per unit length between one conductor and sheath [K.m/W]
TS Thermal Resistance of Swellable Tape between Copper Wires and Lead Sheath [K.m/W]
T3 Thermal resistance per unit length of the external serving of cable [K.m/W]
T4 Thermal resistance per unit length between cable surface and surrounding medium [K.m/W]
n Number of load-carrying conductors in cable
λ1 Ratio of the losses in metallic sheath to total losses of all conductor
λ1CW Ratio of the losses in copper wires shield to total losses of all conductor
Page 17 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Where,
R' D.C. resistance of conductor at maximum operating temperature 9.181E-06 [Ω/m]
ys Skin effect factor 0.161
yp Proximity effect factor 0.023
Where,
R0 D.C. resistance of conductor at 20℃ 7.200E-06 [Ω/m]
α20 Constant mass temperature coefficient at 20℃ per Kelvin 0.00393
θ Maximum operating temperature 90 [℃]
4 2 2
Xp dc dc 1.18
yp s 0 .312 s 0.02330
4 4
192 0.8 X p Xp
4
0.27
192 0.8 X p
Where,
2 8πf
Xp 10 7 k p 5.064
R'
2
Wd ωCU0 tan δ 0.73 [W/m]
Where,
C Capacitance per unit length
ε
C 10 9 2.765E-10 [F/m]
D
18 ln i
dc
ε Relative permittivity of insulation 2.5
Di External diameter of insulation 111.4 [mm]
dc Diameter of conductor including screen 67.4 [mm]
U0 Voltage to earth 130,000 [V]
tanδ Loss factor of the insulation at the operating frequency and temperature 0.0005
Page 18 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
1 ' Circulating Current Loss Factor (In case of Section Lengths are unknown) 0.000
Rs ( t )4
1L " gs 0 (1 1 2 ) 1 s 12 0.134
R 12 10
1.74
t
gs 1 s (β1Ds 10 3 1.6) 1.004
Ds
0.5
4πω
β1 7 38.602
10 ρ
s
ω
m 10 7 0.125
Rs
m2 d 2
λ0 6 5.799E-03
1 m2 2s
1.4m 0.7
d
Δ1 0.86m3.08 4.267E-04
2s
Δ2 0 0
Where,
Rs Resistance of Lead Sheath at Operating Temperature 2.505E-04 [Ω/m]
d Mean Diameter of Metallic Sheath 124.9 [mm]
ρs Electrical Resistivity of Sheath Material at Operating Temperature 2.649E-07 [Ω.m]
Ds Mean External Diameter of Metallic Sheath 127.6 [mm]
ts Thickness of Metallic Sheath 2.7 [mm]
θs θmax Wc 1 Wd T1
2
84 [℃]
Where,
θmax Maximum Operating Conductor Temperature 90 [℃]
Wc Conductor Losses when Two Circuit Cables Operating 16.78 [W/m]
Wd Dielectric Losses 0.73 [W/m]
Page 19 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Where,
ρT_BT Thermal Resistivity of Conuctor Binding Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
tBT Thickness of Conductor Binding Tape(s) 0.7 [mm]
dc Diameter over Conductor excluding Conductor Screen 63.0 [mm]
ρT_CS Thermal Resistivity of Conductor Screen 2.5 [K.m/W]
tCS Thickness of Conductor Screen 1.5 [mm]
dBT Diameter over Conductor Binding Tape(s) 64.4 [mm]
Where,
ρT Thermal Resistivity of Insulation 3.5 [K.m/W]
t1 Thickness of Insulation 22.0 [mm]
dCS Diameter over Conductor Screen 67.4 [mm]
(3) Thermal Resistance between Cable Insulation and Metallic Layer, T1'''
ρ T_IS 2t ρ 2t
T1 ' ' ' ln1 IS T_ST ln1 ST
0.013 [K.m/W]
2π dI 2π dIS
Where,
ρT_IS Thermal Resistivity of Insulation screen 2.5 [K.m/W]
tIS Thickness of Insulation Screen 1.2 [mm]
dI Diameter over Insulation 112.4 [mm]
ρT_ST Thermal Resistivity of Swellable Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
tST Thickness of Water Swellable Tape(s) 0.3 [mm]
dIS Diameter over Insulation Screen 114.8 [mm]
2.5.2 Thermal Resistance of Swellable Tape between Copper Wires and Lead Sheath, T s
T _ ST 2t
Ts ln1 1 _ ST
0.014 [K.m/W]
2 DCW
Where,
ρT_ST Thermal Resistivity of Swellable Tape(s) 6 [K.m/W]
t1_ST Thickness of Swellable Tape(s) 0.9 [mm]
dCW Diameter over Copper Wires 120.2 [mm]
Page 20 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
Where,
De External diameter of the cable 0.1382 [m]
Z
h *
E Heat dissipation coefficient 4.629 [W/m2.K5/4]
(De )g
Z Constant for black surfaces of cables in free air 0.21
E Constant for black surfaces of cables in free air 3.94
g Constant for black surfaces of cables in free air 0.60
Δθs Cable surface temperature rise obtained from iteration until Δθ 1 / 4 Δθ 1 / 4 0.001 [K]
s n 1 s n
(Initial value 2)
1/4
Δθ Δθ ' σHK A
πh
1/4 d
Δθs n1 2.2021 [K]
1/4
1 K Δ θ
A s n
* *
πDe hT πDe h T1
KA T2 (1 λ1 ) T3 (1 λ1 λ 2 ) 0.683
1 λ1 λ 2 1 λ1 λ 2 n
n Number of cable core 1
T2 Thermal resistance of armor 0 [K.m/W]
λ2 Ratio of the total losses in armor to the total conductor losses 0
σ Absorption Coefficient of Solar Radiation for Cable Surfaces 0.4
H Intensity of Solar Radiation 1,000 [W/m2]
1/4
Δθ Δθ '
Δθs n1
1/4
d 2.2021 [K]
1 K A Δθs 1 / 4
n
Page 21 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
3. Result of Calculation
Wd 0.5 T1 nTS T3 T4
1/2
I : Free Air with solar radiation 1,951.9 [A]
RT1 R 1 1CW TS nR 1 1 T3 T4
Δθ F
Wd 0.5 T1 n TS T3 T4 σDeHT4
1/2
I tunnel
RT1 nR 1 λ1CW TS nR 1 λ1 T3 T4F
: Unfilled Trough 1,695.3 [A]
F
T4 External Thermal Resistance Considering Δθ tr 0.238 [K.m/W]
Note) 1. Ampacity Requirement: 1352A (515MVA, 100% Load) for All Circuit Operation
1150A (85% Load) for More Than Two Circuits Operation
Page 22 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-1
Rev. No. : 0
4. Emergency Conditions
4.1. Temperature Ambient (θamb) 40 [℃]
End 100 [℃]
Before 88.0 [℃]
4.2. Conductor Resistance(A.C) at 88.0℃ 1.069E-05 [ohm/m]
at 100℃ 1.099E-05 [ohm/m]
4.3. Current prior to Emergency at 88.0℃ 1,352.0 [A]
4.4. Duration 10 Hour(s) 36,000 [sec]
5. Result of Calculation
1/2
h 2 R (R / R max )(r h12 R 1 / R R )
I 2 IR 1 1 R 1,981.3 [A]
R max θ R ( t ) / θ R ()
Where,
h1 I1 / I R 0.981
I1 Constant Current Prior to Emergency Load 1,352.0 [A]
IR Sustained (100% Load Factor) Rated Current 1,378.5 [A]
R1 A.C Resistance before Emergency Current 1.069E-05 [ohm/m]
Rmax A.C Resistance at the End of Emergency Loading 1.099E-05 [ohm/m]
RR A.C Resistance Sustained Application IR 1.074E-05 [ohm/m]
r θmax / θR(∞) 1.206
θmax Maximum Temperature Rise above Ambient at the End of Emergency Loading 58.6 [℃]
θR(∞) Steady-state Conductor Temperature Rise above Ambient 48.6 [℃]
θR(∞) = θc - θamb - Δθd [℃]
θc Maximum Steady-state Conductor Temperature 90.0 [℃]
Δθd Temperature Rise Caused by Dielectric Loss 1.4 [℃]
θR(t) Temperature Rise above Ambient after Application of IR Neglecting the Variation of 10.4 [℃]
Conductor Resistance with Temperature from t=0
Page 23 of 34
ANNEXURE‐2
Page 24 of 34
ANNEXURE-2
Section 3.3.5 220 XLPE INSULATED CABLE AND ACCESSORIES / 515, 427MVA 220kV Cable
Page 25 of 34
ANNEXURE‐3
Page 26 of 34
Doc. : ANNEXURE-3
Rev. No. : 0
Sheath induced voltage under the steady state for any formations, when the outer side of cables is phase a and c, is obtained
by the following formula including voltage rise from other cables.
1 2S
2
2S 2
Ec jωIb 2.10-7 - loge bc j
dSca 2
3
loge ca
d
- Cigre T.B. 283 (B9) 0.1961 [V/m]
Where,
Ea : Voltage Gradient Induced in Cable Metallic Sheath or Shield [V/m]
Va : Voltage Induced in Cable Metallic Sheath or Shield [V]
Ib : Current in Phase b 1,352.0 [A]
d : Geometric Mean Diameter of Sheath or Shield 121.7 [mm]
Sab : Axial Spacing of Phase a and b 400 [mm]
Sca : Axial Spacing of Phase c and a 800 [mm]
f : Frequency 50 [Hz]
200.0
Voltage [V]
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Route Length [m]
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In the general case of any cable formation, assuming a fault between phase a and c with no ground current flowing, when Iac is the
fault current and outer side of cables is phase a and c in flat formation, the greatest sheath voltage of the other types of fault is given
by phase-to-phase fault and can be calculated by following formula.
2S
Ea jwIac (2 10 7 ) loge ca - Cigre T.B. 283 (B13, B16) 6.4747 [V/m]
d
S
Eb jwIac (2 10 7 ) loge ab - Cigre T.B. 283 (B15) 0.0000 [V/m]
Sbc
2S
Ec jwIac (2 10 7 ) loge ca - Cigre T.B. 283 (B14, B16) 6.4747 [V/m]
d
Where,
Iac : Fault Current 40,000 [A]
Sab : Axial Spacing of Phase a and c 400 [mm]
Sbc : Axial Spacing of Phase b and c 400 [mm]
Sca : Axial Spacing of Phase c and a 800 [mm]
d : Geometric Mean Diameter of Sheath or Shield 121.7 [mm]
f : Frequency 50 [Hz]
1
S
E jI 2 10 7 loge j
3 4S
log e - Cigre T.B. 283 (B10) 5.8032 [V/m]
2 d 2 d
Where,
I : Fault Current 40,000 [A]
S : Axial Spacing between Adjacent Phases 400 [mm]
d : Geometric Mean Diameter of Sheath or Shield 121.7 [mm]
f : Frequency 50 [Hz]
Maximum voltages between sheaths at the cross bonding points are given by the following equations, using the longest minor
section length in the case of sectionalizing cross bonding.
d
2(2) 1 3 S
E ab jI 2 10 7 log e
- Cigre T.B. 283 (B1) 5.3133 [V/m]
E bc jI 2 10 7 log e 2 3
2
- Cigre T.B. 283 (B2) 1.1614 [V/m]
4S
E ca jI 2 10 7 log e
d
- Cigre T.B. 283 (B3) 6.4747 [V/m]
Where,
S : Axial spacing between adjacent cables 400 [mm]
I : Single-phase ground fault current 40,000 [A]
d : Geometric Mean Diameter of Sheath or Shield 121.7 [mm]
f : Frequency 50 [Hz]
9,000
8,000
7,000
Induced Voltage[V]
2,000
1,000
0
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
-표준
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Doc. : ANNEXURE-3
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2.3 Faulty Conditions in Single Point Bonding System [Not Considered for This Project]
In the general case of any cable formation, assuming a fault in phase a, when Iag is the fault current and the biggest spacing is
between phase a and ECC, the greatest sheath voltage of the other types of fault is given by single phase-to-ground fault
and can be calculated by following formula.
12.9227 [V/m]
Where,
Iag : Fault Current 40,000 [A]
S : Axial Spacing between Power Cable and ECC 400.0 [mm]
d : Geometric Mean Diameter of Sheath or Shield 121.7 [mm]
f : Frequency [Hz] 50 [Hz]
rg : Geometric Mean Radius of Earth Continuity Conductor, 0.75 x 1/2 d g 7.7 [mm]
dg : Outer Diameter of Earth Continuity Conductor (300sqmm) 20.5 [mm]
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
-표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준 -표준
Route Length [m]
1) SVL shall not only be suitable for continuous operation with an applied voltage equal to the sheath induced voltage at full load
or at the overload rating for the circuit, but also withstand the power frequency over voltage applied to resistor as a result of all kinds
of external system faults. The results are shown in following table.
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Note)
Therefore, MCOV 5kV SVL can be applied, taking into account of Power Frequency Voltage versus Time Curve as shown below.
(Note that time duration is 2 seconds.)
2) SVL shall have the sufficient energy absorption capability, which can be calculated as follows.
Where,
PSVL : Energy Absorption Capability of SVL [kJ]
VRES : Residual Voltage of SVL at a Switching Impulse 500A, 30/60μsec Wave 12,000 [V]
[Refer to Enclosed Catalogue of SVL]
ISVL : Discharge Current of SVL 12,910 [A]
2E e
I SVL 12.9 [kA]
ZS
E : Maximum Surge Voltage 131 [kV]
2 1.15
E U 0.7 131 [kV]
3 1.1
U : Rated Voltage 220 [kV]
e : Discharge Inception Voltage of SVL of Uc=5kV (Approximately) 6.3 [kV]
ZS : Surge Impedance of Cable between Conductor and Sheath 19.9 [ohm]
60 D
ZS ln 19.9 [ohm]
εr d
εr : Relative Permittivity of Cable Insulation 2.5
D : Outer Diameter of Cable Insulation 113.8 [mm]
d : Outer Diameter of Cable Conductor Shield 67.4 [mm]
TTAIL : Estimated Duration of Surge 60E-06 [sec]
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From the enclosed catalogue, SVL of Uc=5kV is enough to absorb the energy occurred by invaded surge.
3) The insulation level for the system shall be higher than the expected residual voltage of SVL at a current of 10kA 8/20 μ sec wave.
Expected withstand voltage of cable oversheath throughout the cable life time is estimated to be approx. 50% of initial withstand
stress 30kV/mm against impulse voltage. Therefore, considering thickness of cable oversheath as 5mm, expected withstand
voltage results in 75kV, which is higher than residual voltage 12.0kV as shown in enclosed catalogue.
5. Conclusion
As reviewed above, SVL of Uc=5kV can be applied, and characteristics applied SVL is given below.
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2. Results of Calculation
Where,
Rc : AC Resistance of Conductor at Operating Frequency 0.01074 [Ω/km]
Xm : Mutual Reactance between Conductors and Sheath
4 S1
Xm 4πf ln 10 4 0.11832 [Ω/km]
Ds1 Ds2
S1 : Spacing between Conductor Centers 400.0 [mm]
Ds1 : Inner Diameter of Metallic Sheath 115.6 [mm]
Ds2 : Outer Diameter of Metallic Sheath 127.8 [mm]
Rs : Resistance of Metallic Sheath 0.05270 [Ω/km]
GMD3C Xm3
X 4πf ln 10 4 (When Considering Sheath Circulating Current) 0.09117 [Ω/km]
Rs Xm2
2
GMR1C
Where,
GMD3C : Geometric Mean Distance among Three Conductors, 3 Dab Dbc Dca 504.0 [mm]
Dab : Distance between Phase A and B 400.0 [mm]
Dbc : Distance between Phase B and C 400.0 [mm]
Dca : Distance between Phase C and A 800.0 [mm]
GMR1C : Geometric Mean Radius of One Conductor, 0.779 d 2 24.54 [mm]
d : Diameter of conductor 63 [mm]
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3. Results of Calculation.
3.2.1 When both Ground and Sheath Paths Exist ▷ Z0 = 0.06322 + j 0.05882 [Ω/km]
3.2.2 When Current Returns in Sheath Only Z0 = 0.06344 + j 0.05706 [Ω/km]
3.2.3 When Current Returns in Ground Only Z0 = 0.15894 + j 1.60757 [Ω/km]
Note) 1. Above calculations are based on sustained 100% loaded current carrying capacity.
2. Measured sequence impedance can be approximated when neglecting sheath circulating current. (See 3.1.1 & 3.2.1 above)
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2. Formulae
2
WC = I x R 20.41 [W/m]
Where,
I : Current Carrying Capacity(Maximum Conductor Temperature) 1,378.5 [A]
R : AC Resistance of Conductor at Operating Temperature 1.074E-05 [ohm/m]
Where,
ω : Angular Frequency (2πf) 314 [1/s]
f : Frequency 50 [Hz]
C : Capacitance per Unit Length 2.765E-10 [F/m]
U0 : Voltage to Earth 127,000 [V]
tanδ : Loss Factor of Insulation at Operating Frequency & Temperature 0.0005
W S = W C x λ1 1.42 [W/m]
Where,
λ1 : Loss Factor for Sheath 0.070
WC : Loss of Conductor 20.41 [W/m]
Wt = WC + W d + WS 22.53 [W/m]
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