Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) - Draft Final PDF

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SERVICES
CHEMICAL
HEALTH HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AT WORKPLACE
Phase 1 – Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA)
An Industrial Hygiene Report

Report no. R-QHSE-2014.001
PREPARED FOR:
PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI WEST MADURA OFFSHORE
(PHE WMO)
LOCATIONS SERVICED:
PHE TOWER
Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang Kav. 99 (Kebagusan I), Pasar Minggu
Jakarta 12520 - Indonesia
PHEWMO
KS JAVASTAR; TC-6, KE-5, PPP, FSO Abherka
ORF Gresik & PHE-WMO Lamongan Onshore
CONTRACT/PROPOSAL /SERVICE ORDER NUMBER:

SO No. 9420005421
PREPARED BY:
Irwan Risnandar,ST, HIMU – Industrial Hygienist
REVIEWED and APPROVED BY:

dr. Pricella M, Maulana, MS – Project Manager
Prof. dr. Tan Malaka, MOH, DrPH, SpOk – OHIH experts
DATE OF SERVICE:
Oct 01st – Nov 30th, 2014
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 4
2. STANDARD & REFERENCE ........................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Government of Republic Indonesia (GOI) – Regulation ........................................................... 4
2.2. Industrial Standards & Best Practices ...................................................................................... 5
3. PURPOSE, OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY............................................................................... 6
3.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2. Methodology of C-HRA Phase-1 .............................................................................................. 6
3.3. Scope of Services ..................................................................................................................... 8
3.4. Location of Assessment ........................................................................................................... 8
4. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (CHRA) CONCEPTS ......................................................... 9
4.1. Hazard, Exposure and Risk ....................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Chemical Health Risk Assessment (C-HRA) Methodology ..................................................... 11
5. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT – PHASE 1 ........................................................................ 12
5.1. Chemical used or released in the workplace, include work area and process involving a
chemical. ....................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2. Exposed Worker ..................................................................................................................... 12
5.3. Existing chemical control & handling; incident record related to chemical .......................... 13
5.4. Gathering the necessary information .................................................................................... 13
5.3. Determining the degree of hazard ......................................................................................... 16
6. Determination Degree of Chemical Hazard Flow chart ................................................................ 23
7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................... 24
DEFINITION ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Appendix A. CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST.......................................................................................... 28
Appendix B. DEGREE OF CHEMICAL HAZARD ................................................................................... 29
Appendix C. R-phrases List ................................................................................................................ 30
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

MUK loss control services are not intended as a substitute for advice from legal counsel, nor are they intended to supplant any duty to provide a safe
workplace, operation, product or premises. Any duty to implement MUK recommendations rests with the client not with MUK.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PT. Mitra Usaha Katiga (MUK3) has been appointed to carry out an Chemical Health Risk Assessment
- Phase 1 for PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI WEST MADURA OFFSHORE (PHEWMO) premises where
employees and contractor have activities on the location where chemical being use and stored, as
service order no. 9420005421.
Many substances that are used regularly at work will contain chemicals, which if not handled
correctly can cause harm. These substances can be solids or liquids and include paints, varnishes,
glues, printing inks, cleaning fluids, fuels, feed additives and pesticides.
Protecting employees from the adverse effects of chemical is one of the Occupational Health, Safety
and Environmental Management System (HSE-MS) primary goals. To perform this, an assessment of
all chemicals used in the workplace must be carried out in order to identify, evaluate and control any
health risk associated with work activities involving the use of chemicals.
This study as part of the Chemical Health Risk Analysis / Assessment (C-HRA), therefore this
assessment was conducted as phase-1 of the C-HRA to aim identify the hazard poses by each
chemical substances used, stored, handled or transported within the place of work, and to evaluate
the degree of exposure and chemical hazard to the employee and also recommend further
appropriate control measures to prevent or reduce risks.
Jakarta, 25 Nov 2014
PT. MITRA USAHA KATIGA
Dr. Pricella M, Maulana, MS

Director

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1. INTRODUCTION
Chemicals are used extensively in industry. Many useful products are derived from
chemical, for examples are paints, solvent, and pesticides.
However, it is important to exercise caution in the usage of chemicals. Some chemicals

are inherently so dangerous that they have to be stored in special containers to avoid
contact with air. Others may appear harmless, but can cause injury almost immediately
upon contact. For many toxic chemicals, the health effects may take a long period of
time to develop.
Basically, chemicals may pose one or more of the following hazards: toxic, flammable,
explosive, reactive and radioactive.
Protecting employees from the adverse effects of chemical is one of the Occupational
Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (HSE-MS) primary goals. To
perform this, an assessment of all chemicals used in the workplace must be carried out
in order to identify, evaluate and control any health risk associated with work activities
involving the use of chemicals.
2. STANDARD & REFERENCE
2.1. Government of Republic Indonesia (GOI) – Regulation
• Law of Republic Indonesian No. 1 Year of 1970, concerning to Occupational

Safety (Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No.1 Tahun 1970, tentang
Keselamatan Kerja).
• Law No. 23 Year of 1992, concerning to Health (Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun
1992, tentang Kesehatan).
• Indonesian Republic Government Regulation No. 50 Year of 2012, concerning to
The Implementation of Occupational Safety & Health Management System
(Peraturan Pemerintah RI No. 50 tahun 2012, tentang Penerapan Sistem
Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja)

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• Decree Letter Indonesian Republic Minister of Labor & Transmigration no.

13/MEN/X/2011 year of 2011, regard to Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for
chemical substance and physical agents at workplace.
• Decree Letter Indonesian Republic Minister of Labor & Transmigration no.
187/MEN/1999 year of 1999, regard to Hazardous Chemical Control at
Workplace. (Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja RI no. 187/MEN/1999 tahun 1999,
tentang Pengendalian Bahan Kimia Berbahaya di Tempat Kerja).
2.2. Industrial Standards & Best Practices
• Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances (Einfaches

Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe/EMKG), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
• EU – Risk Phrases
• EU – H Statement
• NIOSH – 2005, Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazard.
• ACGIH 2014, TLV’s & BEI’s for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. ACGIH,
ISBN: 978-1-607260-72-1.
• Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work Chemical

Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH essentials.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/toolkit/icct
/index.htm.

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3. PURPOSE, OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY
3.1. Purpose
A C-HRA is conducted with the purpose of enabling decisions to be made on

appropriate control measures, induction and training of employees, monitoring and
health surveillance activities as may be required to protect the health of employees
who may be exposed to chemicals hazardous to health at work.
A C-HRA has the following objectives:

• To identify the hazards posed by each chemical substances used, stored,
handled or transported within the place of work;
• To evaluate the degree of exposure of employees to the chemicals hazardous to
health, either through inhalation, skin absorption of ingestion;
• To evaluate the adequacy of existing control measures;
• To recommend further appropriate control measures to prevent or reduce risks
3.2. Methodology of C-HRA Phase-1
Assessment is made of a representative workplace or job, and this assessment is

used for the similar work activities that involve comparable risks, where a chemical
hazardous to health or a group of chemicals hazardous to health are used in the
same way in several workplaces provided that the control measures in place are
similar.
Step-1. Identify all chemical stored and used, the work and work practices
• Gather information and established list of chemicals used or released in the
workplace (chemical register/invetory).
• In the evaluation the exposure to a particular chemical, the worker or person
exposed to the risk had been identified. Workers should be assigned work
units for evaluation based on similar risks.

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• Work unit identification; identify and observe the tasks carried out by
workers in a certain work area, where workers are exposed to chemical
hazardous to health and should be assigned work units for evaluation based
on similar risks.
Obtain and review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Hazard information can be obtained from various sources. A complete MSDS
provides useful information such as the hazard description, the toxicity data,
and the acute and chronic health effects.
• Based on the toxicity data, the health effects and the risk phrases assigned
to each hazardous, the hazard of each chemical can be evaluated and
assigned a hazard rating.
Step-2. Determine Degree of Hazard

• Identify all the chemicals hazardous to health to which the work unit is
exposed to, either from the chemicals used or handled by the work unit or
chemicals released from the work activities.
• The hazard rating is used to prioritize hazard based on the potential health
effect of the chemical.
Set up a hazardous substances/dangerous goods (or chemicals) register.

• It is important to know exactly what chemicals are being used and/or stored
at workplace, so that we can work out which chemicals are hazardous or
dangerous goods.
• This chemicals register can also used to determine an exposure assessment
plan & program, including monitoring.

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3.3. Scope of Services
3.3.1. Identify all chemical stored and used on PHE-WMO premises by reviewing
primary & secondary data, and also field survey, that include:
a. Chemical inventory, identify work/task related to chemical handling

b. Identify work area where chemical being use
c. Work process where chemical being involved
d. Worker exposed to chemical risk
e. Existing chemical control & handling
f. Incident record related to chemical
g. Monitoring program for chemical usage
3.3.2. Determine degree of chemical hazard, which include;

a. Degree of chemical hazard based on their effect to human health
b. Degree of chemical hazard based on their level of hazard & risk
3.4. Location of Assessment
The site-visit (walkthrough) was conducted to the location on PHE-WMO premises as

follows:
• ORF – Gresik
• Lamongan warehouse
• KS – Javastar (Rig)
• Teras Conquest – 6 (TC-6)
• PHE-5
• PPP (Poleng Production Platform)
• FSO - Abherka

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4. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (CHRA) CONCEPTS
4.1. Hazard, Exposure and Risk
4.1.1. Hazard
Chemical health hazard is the potential of a chemical to cause harm or adversely
affect health of people in the workplace. Adverse heath effect ranges from fatality,
permanent and serious health impairment to mild skin irritation at the other end.
4.1.2. Exposure
A worker is exposed to a chemical if there is a possibility of the chemical being
breathed in; getting it on the eye or skin or absorbed through the skin; or being
swallowed. A chemical may exert its effect either at the site of contact; or at a site
away from the initial point of contact and takes place after it has entered the bosy
through the various routes of entry. Exposure through inhalation is most common,
especially for airborne chemicals such as gases, vapours and particulate. Skin
absorption is common for lipid soluble chemical especially in the form of liquid or
mist. Ingestion is not common as inhalation or skin absorption, but nevertheless
through poor personal hygiene and work practices it could be an important route of
exposure. Injection through the skin can also occur, for example when syringes are
used.
4.1.3. Risk
Risk is the likelihood that a substance will cause adverse health effects or illness in
the conditions of its use. The risk to health usually increases with the severity of the
hazard, the amount used, and the duration and frequency of exposure.
Risk has also been defined as the probability of over exposure and the consequences
of that exposure. This is so because a potentially toxic chemical may cause death or
serious health effects if the exposure is substantial. Therefore the risk equation can
also be defined as :
Risk = Hazard x Exposure

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The hazard component will take into consideration the nature of hazard and the
potential adverse health effects from the possible routes of entry or contact.
The exposure component looks at the chance of overexposure occuring by taking

into account the frequency of exposure, the duration of exposure, and the intensity
or magnitude of exposure.
Before any risk conclusion is made one has to take into account the work practices
and personal factors including individual susceptibility.
4.1.4. Similar Risk Grouping or Work Units for Assessment

In the evaluation of exposure to a particular chemical, the worker or person exposed
to the risk should be identified. Ideally the risk of each worker exposed to the
chemical hazardous to health should be assessed. However, this practice of assessing
each individual worker would be too time consuming and a burden not only to the
assessor but also to the employer. In order to avoid these problem, workers are to
be assessed in groups whom employer believes to be exposed to similar health risk
arising from the use of a particular chemical hazardous to health.
This report describes such grouping of workers as a work unit.

A work unit must fulfil two basic requirements:
i). Work similarity
• Workers in the work unit must perform similar tasks
ii). Similarity with respect to the hazardous agent
• Workers using or are exposed to the same chemicals hazardous to health
Similar task means that the workers are having similar potential for exposure.
Exposed to the same chemical hazardous to health means that the workers are
potentially exposed to the same hazard. Even though the workers are exposed to the
same chemical hazardous to health the risk may not be the same as other factors
may affect the severity of the health effects, such as susceptibility. Therefore the risk
to health could only be said to be similar.

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4.2. Chemical Health Risk Assessment (C-HRA) Methodology

A C-HRA is conducted with the purpose of enabling decisions to be made on
appropriate control measures, induction and training of employees, monitoring and
health surveillance activities as may be required to protect the health of employees
who may be exposed to chemicals hazardous to health at work.
Therefore to fulfill the purpose and objective, a C-HRA is divided into 2 (two) phase
of work, where :
PHASE 1 – Chemical Hazard Identification
Step 1. Identify all chemical stored and used
Step 2. Obtain and review Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Step 3. Determine Degree of (chemical) Hazard
To determine degree of (chemical) hazard on this phase is using an EMKG

(Easy to Use Workplace Control Scheme)*) as tools to identify a chemical
hazard scheme that is based on COSHH Essentials.
The easy-to-use control scheme support hazard assessment by providing a

manageable number of hazard factors and straighforward categories, where
will assess the chemical hazards based on their hazard substance
classification, information on the release potential (boiling point, tendency to
form dust or vapor) and the quantities used, as well as on the type and extent
of possible contact with skin.
PHASE 2 – Chemical Health Risk Assessment & Control Plan
Step 1. Evaluate Exposure
Step 2. Assess adequace of control measures
Step 3. Concluding the assessment
Step 4. Identify actions to be taken

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5. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT – PHASE 1
5.1. Chemical used or released in the workplace, include work area and process
involving a chemical.
Based on primary & secondary data review process include site visit to a few location, where
chemical is stored and use, can be divided based on their usage purpose and/or process, as
follows table:
No Usage purpose / process User Location

1 Production chemical / Production AW, BW, CW, DW, PPP, PHE-5; PHE-
chemical injection 30; PHE-32; PHE-23; PHE-40, PHE-38A;
PHE-38B; PHE-54; PHE-39
2 Maintenance / engineering Maintenance/Engine PPP; PHE-5; FSO Abherka
ering
3 Facility Maintenance (FM) FM ORF, KS/Rig-Javastar; PHE-5; PPP; FSO
Abherka; Jakarta Office
4 Well Service Well service TC-6
operator
5 Drilling KS-Javastar operator KS/Rig-Javastar
Table 1. Chemical user profile, work area & process
Detail of chemical inventory and/or register for each usage/purpose as attached in Appendix
A.
5.2. Exposed Worker

In the evaluation of exposure to a particular chemical, the worker or person exposed to the
risk should be identified. Workers also should be assigned work units for evaluation based
on similar risks. A work unit is essentially a group of workers doing similar tasks (i.e. having
similar potential for exposure) whether in one work area covering several work areas and
exposed to the same chemicals hazardous to health.

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No Work Unit Work area Work Performed Type of chemical

1 Production Dept Process Platform Chemical injection Production chemical
(Clariant Rep)
2 Maintenance Machinery
& Machinery & support Oil, lubricant, paint.
equipment
equipment
maintenance
3 General household & Living quarter Household activity Cleaning agent (soap,
Facility Maintenance detergent); pesticide
& insectiside.
4 Well services Well services Well services Well stimulation
(offshore)
5 Drilling Production wells Drilling Drilling chemicals
Table 2. Exposed worker
5.3. Existing chemical control & handling; incident record related to chemical
a). Existing chemical control
Based on site visit review by desktop studies and walkthrough to the location of
assessment, an existing control to chemical usage & handling has been applied, such as :
• Availibility of MSDS for chemical being use

• A personal protection equipment (PPE) during handling chemical; such as
hand-gloves, eye protection, and respiratory mask.
However need further assessment to have more detail on process involving chemical to
determine and ensure that adequate appropriate control and handling is applied.
b). Incident record related to chemical
No report of the chemical incident record found during the assessment.
5.4. Gathering the necessary information

The chemical substance information needed to determining the degree of hazard can be
found in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MDSD), and the work-related information obtained
by visiting the workplace.
The following information derived from MSDS and the work-related information:

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1. The hazard symbols and R-phrases of the chemical substance (MSDS label).
2. The boiling point or boiling range of the chemical substance.
3. The dustiness of the chemical substance
(in the case of solids, an approximate assessment should be made by visiting the
workplace).
• If the chemical substance is in the for of pellets, a wax or granules or if the
activity produces only very little dust, dustiness is low.
• If the chemical substance is in the form of a coarse powder or if the activity
produces dust which settles again quickly and dust is present on the
surrounding surface, dustiness is medium, examples include washing powder
or sugar.
• If the chemical substance is in the form of a fine powder or if the activity
produces clouds of dust which remain in the air for up to several minutes,
dustiness is high; examples include flour, toner, cement.
4. The quantity of hazardous substance used in the course of the activity.

Establish in what quantities the chemical substance is usually used in the course of
the activity in question and use the table below to determine the appropriate
quantity group:
Quantity group Solids Liquids

in the order of: in the order of:
Low .gr .ml
Medium .kg L
High .t .m3
Table 3. Chemical quantity group
Note:
• The total quantity of hazardous substance present does not always
determine the quantity group.
• If liquid chemical substances are used on large surface areas (for example
when painting or cleaning) no more than 1 litre of the substance per full
working day should be used in order to qualify for the quantity group ‘Low’.
5. Duration of the activity

Establish whether the chemical substance is not used for more than 15 minutes a
day. If this is the case, then consider as ‘short’ in the table.
6. In the case of liquids, the temperature at which they used.

If the chemical substance is not used at room temperature (ca. 20 0C), the
application temperature should be noted.

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7. Contact with skin – active quantity and duration of effective contact.

If it is possible that the skin might come into contact with the chemical substances
during an activity, the active quantity and the duration of effective contact must be
determined, except when the possibility of contact with skin can be excluded, as in
that case there is no need for additional measures to protect againts contact with
skin.
As regards the active quantity, a distinction is drawn between small-scale and large-
sclae contact with skin. The possibility of indirect contact owing to contaminated
work clothes and equipment must be also considered.
Active quantity
Small Small-scale contact (splashes)
Large Large-scale contact (hands and lower arms)
Table 4. Chemical active quantity scale
The duration of effective contact begins with the contamination and ends only when
it has been removed effectively. If there is repeated contact with skin, the periods of
contact with each chemical substance throughout the day must be added.
Duration of effective contact

Short Fewer than 15 minutes / day
Long More than 15 minutes / day
Table 5. Chemical duration of effective contact
When determinining the active quantity and duration, protective gloves or other
personal protective equipment already being used is not taking into the
consideration.

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5.3. Determining the degree of hazard
5.3.1. Hazard groups

The hazardous properties of the chemical substances are assigned to five hazard
groups ( 1 – 5) on the basis of the R-phrases. The hazard groups roughly correspond
to the degree of harmfulness of a chemical substance, which increase from 1 – 5.
OEL R-phrases,
HG
Solid (mg/m3) Liquids (ppm) in case there is no OEL
No R-phrase, R36, R37, R65, R67 and all
1 < OEL ≤ 10 50 < OEL ≤ 500 dusts and vapours not allocated to 1
another band
R20, R20/21, R22, R20/22, R41, R68/20,
0.1 < OEL ≤ 1 5 < OEL ≤ 50
R68/22
2
R23, R23/24, R25, R29, R31, R34, R35,
0.01 < OEL ≤ 0.1 0.5 < OEL ≤ 5 R39/23, R39/25, R40, R42, R48/20, 3
R48/22, R62, R63, R68
R26, R28, R32, R39/26, R39/28, R48/23,
0.001 < OEL ≤ 0.01 0.05 < OEL ≤ 0.5
R48/25, R61
4
OEL ≤ 0.001 OEL ≤ 0.05 R45, R46, R49, R60 5
Table 6. Chemical Hazard Group (HG) Inhalation
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations,
see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The
ILO Safe work Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are
based both on COSHH essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/c
trl_banding/toolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous
substances (Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept
Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-
Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
Using the table, note the hazard group(s) corresponding to each R phrase and / or to
the level of OEL (Occupational Exposure Limits), for every chemical substance, note
the highest hazard group and if relevant R-phrases exist, the highest skin hazard
group.

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Need to point out, that the incorrect classification of a chemical substance hazard or
the failure to classify a hazardou substance may lead to inadequate or excessive
protection measures. In case of doubt, contact the manufacturer or distributor of
the chemical substance. If the data available are insufficient, than we should err on
the safe side and choose at least the hazard groups (3) – Medium.
5.3.2. Release categories

In the case of solid substances (for example powders) to determine their dustiness
while gathering the necessary information (from MSDS) or site visit, and using the
table below to directly assign it to release category.
In the case of liquid substance used at room temperature the release category
depends on the boiling point of the chemical substance. If a boiling range is
specified, choose the lowest value.
LOW MEDIUM HIGH

Coarse powder
Solids Granules, pellets, Fine powder (e.g.
(e.g. washing
(dustiness) wax Flour, toner)
powder, sugar)
More than 150 0C 50 to 150 0C Less than 50 0C

Liquids
(boiling point* or vapor
pressure)
Less than 0.5 kPa 0.5 to 25 kPa More than 25 kPa
* applies to work done at
room temperature (T~20 0C)
Table 7. Release categories
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see
details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO
Safe work Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both
on COSHH essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_
banding/toolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
substances (Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe),
see details at:

P a g e | 18
5.3.3. Quantity groups

As had been described at 5.3. gathering necessary information point (4), establish in
what quantities the chemical substance is usually used in the course of the activity in
question and use the table below to determine the appropriate quantity group:
Quantity Solids Liquids Remark(s)

group in the order of: in the order of:
Low .gr .ml Low or little release into the air.
No contamination of air, clothing and work
surfaces with chemicals capable of skin
absorption or causing irritation or corrosion.
Medium .kg .l Moderate release such as:

a). Solvents with medium drying time* in
uncovered containers or exposed to work
environment;
b). Detectable odour** of chemicals with
odour thresholds exceeding the PEL's
Evidence of contamination of air, clothing
and work surfaces with chemicals capable
of skin absorption or causing irritation or
corrosion.
High .t .m3 Substantial release such as:
a). Solvents with fast drying time* in
uncovered containers;
b). Sprays or dust clouds in poorly
ventilated areas;
c). Chemicals with high rates of evaporation
exposed to work environment;
d) Strong odour of chemicals with odour
thresholds exceeding the OEL's.
Gross contamination of air, clothing and
work surfaces with chemicals capable of
skin absorption or causing irritation or
corrosion
Table 8. Chemical quantity group
1.
details at:
2.
3.
see details at:

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5.3.4. Control strategy inhalation

By combining the three parameters above (5.3.1; 5.3.2; 5.3.3), hazard, release and
quantity groups, the we can derive a control strategy for typical working activities.
As control hierarchy then a control strategy level for inhalation is, as follows:
Level 1 : General ventilation
Level 2 : Engineering control (needed)
Level 3 : Containment
Level 4 : Require special expert advise to determine the control strategy.
Table 9. Chemical control strategy - Inhalation

1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work
Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH
essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/t
oolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances
(Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:

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5.3.5. Hazard group (HG) Skin contact

Determine the hazard group for skin contact by classification (R-phrase).
If an employee works more than 2 hours in a moist environment or wear liquid-proof

protective gloves or often cleans the hands intensively or disinfects them, consider
this is as ‘wet work’.
R-phrases HG
R66 1
R38 2
R21, R43, R48/21, R68/R21 3
R24, R34, R40, R39/24, R48/24, R62, R63, R68 4
R24 and R34, R27, R35, R39/27, R45, R46, R60,
R61
5
Table 10. Chemical Hazard Group (HG) skin contact

1.
details at:
2.
3.
see details at:
5.3.6. Contaminated area of skin contact

Estimate effective area that will be usually contaminated by the performed task.
When determining the effective area of skin contact, do not take protective gloves
or other personal protective equipment into account.
If it is possible that the skin might come into contact with the chemical substances
during an activity, the active quantity and the duration of effective contact must be
determined, except when the possibility of contact with skin can be excluded, as in
that case there is no need for additional measures to protect againts contact with
skin.

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As regards the active quantity, a distinction is drawn between small-scale and large-
sclae contact with skin. The possibility of indirect contact owing to contaminated
work clothes and equipment must be also considered.
Active quantity
Small Small-scale contact (spot, splashes)
Large Large-scale contact (hands and lower arms)
The duration of effective contact begins with the contamination and ends only when
it has been removed effectively. If there is repeated contact with skin, the periods of
contact with each chemical substance throughout the day must be added.
Duration of effective contact

Short-term Fewer than 15 minutes / day
Long-term More than 15 minutes / day
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work
Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH
essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/t
oolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances
(Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
5.3.7. Control strategy skin contact
The measures againts skin contact as additional measures are described as low,
extended or high.

P a g e | 22
Table 11. Chemical control strategy – skin contact

1.
details at:
2.
3.
see details at:
For further detail on process flow to determine the degree of hazard, can be seen on
next section, section 6. CHRA process overview.

P a g e | 23
6. Determination Degree of Chemical Hazard Flow chart

MUK loss control services are not intended as a substitute for advice from legal counsel, nor are they intended to supplant any duty to provide a safe workplace, operation, product or premises. Any duty to implement MUK recommendations rests with
the client not with MUK.
P a g e | 24
7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

7.1. CONCLUSION
7.1.1. Similar Risk Grouping based on Work Units for Assessment
Based on assessment result and site visit review, the similar risk gouping as work
units is as follows:
No. SEGs (Similar Exposure Departement Location

Groups) as Work Unit
1 Chemical Injection Production Offshore
platform;
PPP, PHE-5
2 Cementing Drilling Offshore;
KS-Javastar
3 Well Stimulation Well Services (TC-6) Offshore
4 Storing chemical Warehouse Lamongan
Warehouse
5 Laboratory Practice - ORF Gresik; PHE-5
Chemical Injection
Laboratory
6 Cleaning accomodation & Facility & Maintenance All location
facilities
7 Pest Control Facility & Maintenance All location
7.1.2. Chemical Hazard in general

a) Chemical Injection
• Product include wax, scale and corrosion inhibitors, biocides, de-
oiling and anti-foaming agents, and oxygen and hydrogen sulphide
scavengers. These include substances such as alcohols, alkyl/butyl
benzenes, (poly) amines, aldehydes and anhydrides.
• Health effect include burns, dermatitis, eye and respiratory
irritation and astma.
b) Cementing and Well Stimulation

• Cement and additive dusts are irritating to the respiratory system.
Dry cement must contain less than 2 ppm soluble chromate.
• Wet cement can cause severe skin burns and cause dermatitis.
Lubricants and residual calcium chloride brine are also harmful to
skin.
• The workplace exposure limits for Portland cement dust are total
inhalable dust at 10 mg/m3 and respirable dust at 3 mg/m3 (8-
hour time-weighted average (TWA)).

P a g e | 25
• Class G cements contain silica. The workplace exposure limit for

respirable crystalline silica is 0.1 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA).
c) Cleaning accomodation & facilities

• Cleaning products are a wide range of chemicals and include
surfactants, oxidizing agents, amines, bleaches, fragrances and
colourants.
• Dust generated during cleaning may contain allergic materials, e.g
dust mite residues.
• Chlorine-releasing chemicals (eg. Sodium hypochlorite bleach) will
produce toxic gases if mixed with, for example acidic toilet
cleaners or ammonia containing products.
• Health effects include irritation, burns and dermatitis from skin
contact; eye damage from direct contact; and breathing problems
from inhalation of vapours.
• Frequent hand contact with water can also cause dermatitis.
7.1.3. Chemical Health Hazard Rating – Result

Please refer to Appendix C. for detail result, and based on this chemical health
hazard rating, some of the chemical of concern are:
Production – Chemical Injection
a. Fuel & gasoline, that may contain BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene)
b. Ethanediol
c. Cyclohexamine
d. Xylene
e. Thiodiglycolic acid
f. Formaldehyde
Drilling
a. Silica, cystalline
b. Asphalt
c. Dust (inhalable & respirable dust)
Well service
a. Ethylene glycol
b. Formamide
c. Propanol
Facility & Maintenance (F & M)

a. Cypermethrin

P a g e | 26
7.2. RECOMMENDATION
7.2.1. Chemical – Health Risk Assessment (C-HRA) phase #2

To continuing Chemical Health Hazard Identification (Phase 1 – Chemical Health
Risk Assessment) to the next step, which is Chemical Health Risk Assessment to
determine rating of the exposure quantitatively and/or evaluate the exposure,
assess adequace of control measures, concluding the assessment and identify
actions to be taken.
7.2.2. Workers Health Surveillance (WHS)

To conduct workers health surveillance, since there are some chemical
substances is toxic and carcinogenic, such as are : BTX, Formaldehyde, Pesticide,
Silica crystalline, etc.
7.2.3. Respiratory Protection Program (RPP)

To establish a Respiratory Protection Program (RPP) since there are some toxic
and carcinogenic chemical substances, such as BTX, Formaldehyde, Formamide,
Pesticide, Silica crystalline, etc.
7.2.4. Health Promotion in the workplace

To establish a health promotion program at the workplace since there are some
toxic and carcinogenic chemical substances being use, that require a specific
knowledge and skill to conduct preventive and protective action for the
occupational health, i.e., by conducting health education and training.

P a g e | 27
DEFINITION
Description and/or definition that being use in this report:
Hazard and Risk A Hazard is defined as the potential for chemical, physical,
biological, ergonomic or psychosocial agents to cause
adverse effects.
A Risk is defined as the likelihood that these adverse effects

will occur under the prevailing conditions.
Therefore Risk = Hazard x Likelihood of Exposure
Chemical Health Risk a careful examination of what could cause adverse health
Assessment (CHRA) effects to people in the workplace from a chemical agent,
including a judgment whether enough precautions have been
taken or whether more needs to be done to prevent harm.
R-phrases A risk phrases is a standard phrase, which gives simple

information about the hazards of a chemical in normal use.
Each risk phrase has a unique risk code. There may be more
than one phrase or a combination of phrases to describe the
risks associated with the chemical product.
REFERENCE
• ACGIH 2014, TLV’s & BEI’s for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. ACGIH, ISBN:
978-1-607260-72-1.
• Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work Chemical
Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH essentials.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/toolkit/icct/index.
htm.
• Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances (Einfaches Massnahmen
Konzept Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html

P a g e | 28
Appendix A. CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST

P a g e | 29
Appendix B. DEGREE OF CHEMICAL HAZARD

P a g e | 30
Appendix C. R-phrases List
EU Risk Phrases
Risk-phrases (also known as R-phrases) are defined in Annex II of EU Directive 67/548/EEC as
amended by EU Directive 2001/59/EC which is concerned with identifying special risks attributed to
dangerous substances and preparations. Whilst these phrases were developed for Europe they are
used and recognised in many countries throughout the world.

P a g e | 31
R-phrases (continuation)


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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SERVICES

An Industrial Hygiene Report

CONTRACT/PROPOSAL /SERVICE ORDER NUMBER:

REVIEWED and APPROVED BY:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

Jakarta, 25 Nov 2014

PT. MITRA USAHA KATIGA

Dr. Pricella M, Maulana, MS

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

However, it is important to exercise caution in the usage of chemicals. Some chemicals

2. STANDARD & REFERENCE

2.1. Government of Republic Indonesia (GOI) – Regulation

• Law of Republic Indonesian No. 1 Year of 1970, concerning to Occupational

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

• Decree Letter Indonesian Republic Minister of Labor & Transmigration no.

2.2. Industrial Standards & Best Practices

• Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances (Einfaches

• NIOSH – 2005, Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazard.

• Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:

http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work Chemical

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

3. PURPOSE, OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

A C-HRA is conducted with the purpose of enabling decisions to be made on

A C-HRA has the following objectives:

3.2. Methodology of C-HRA Phase-1

Assessment is made of a representative workplace or job, and this assessment is

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

Obtain and review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Step-2. Determine Degree of Hazard

Set up a hazardous substances/dangerous goods (or chemicals) register.

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

3.3. Scope of Services

a. Chemical inventory, identify work/task related to chemical handling

3.3.2. Determine degree of chemical hazard, which include;

3.4. Location of Assessment

The site-visit (walkthrough) was conducted to the location on PHE-WMO premises as

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

4. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (CHRA) CONCEPTS

4.1. Hazard, Exposure and Risk

Risk = Hazard x Exposure

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

The exposure component looks at the chance of overexposure occuring by taking

4.1.4. Similar Risk Grouping or Work Units for Assessment

This report describes such grouping of workers as a work unit.

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

4.2. Chemical Health Risk Assessment (C-HRA) Methodology

PHASE 1 – Chemical Hazard Identification

Step 1. Identify all chemical stored and used

Step 2. Obtain and review Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Step 3. Determine Degree of (chemical) Hazard

To determine degree of (chemical) hazard on this phase is using an EMKG

The easy-to-use control scheme support hazard assessment by providing a

PHASE 2 – Chemical Health Risk Assessment & Control Plan

Step 1. Evaluate Exposure

Step 2. Assess adequace of control measures

Step 3. Concluding the assessment

Step 4. Identify actions to be taken

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

5. CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT – PHASE 1

No Usage purpose / process User Location

Table 1. Chemical user profile, work area & process

5.2. Exposed Worker