TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT#: 2

ID FULL NAME

MBA1YO2173043 MUHAMMAD TAIMOUR AFZAL

SUBMITTED TO: ANUM RIAZ

DATE OF SUBMISSION:1/12/18

SESSION OF SUBMISSION:MBA(1.5)

FOR GRADING:
COMMENTS: MARKS SECURED:
Q: How do you define efficiency and effectiveness in the perspective of project?
Efficiency: is doing thing right
Effectiveness: is doing the right thing
Efficiency:
Getting the maximum output with minimum input
Take into consideration the present state
Doing things consistency
Focus on the process
Effectiveness:
Measure if actual output meets desired outputs
Takes into consideration the long term strategy
Having desire or innovative ways of working
Focus on the results
Efficiency measures how well and productively a manger uses his resources to achieve goals. Project
management places heavy focus on how to acquire the right project team to perform project tasks and
to close project successfully within the agreed constraints.

On the other hand, Effectiveness measures the appropriateness of the goals that an organization is
pursuing and the degree of achieving these goals. Again, this is a core measure in Project Management
since it is all about applying knowledge and tools and techniques to achieve project goals. Building and
measuring effectiveness in a project starts when the scope is defined during planning phase (Scope
Management Plan, Scope Statement.

Example
Efficiency=output/input
Effectiveness= Target

Shop 1
Shop=2
Target=parts 100
Target=parts 100
Actual:100
Actual:100
Manpower:50
Manpower:60
Power:100 units
Power:200 units
Duration: 6hour
Duration: 8hour
Suppose if you have two shops : shop 1 and shop 2. A supervisor target the shop incharge of both shops .
to manufacture hundred parts and both they make a plan to achieve the target .both they achieve 100
number target.
Both are effective. shop one incharge to manufacture 100 parts use of manpower of 50 consume power
100 units and 6 hours to manufacture the part. shop 2 incharge use manpower 60and consumer 200 units
that mean 100 units extra consume and 2 hours extra use .so both are effective to achieving their target
but shop 1 incharge is more effective because he utilize less amount of resources to give the same amount
of results. shop 2 incharge is less efficient .

Q: Consider wastages and defects? Give example relating to manufacturing and resource
management?
Waste management is all the activates and actions required to manage waste from its inspection
to its final disposal. This include amongst other things collection transportation treatments and
disposal waste together with manufacturing with monitoring and regulation. all kind of waste
weather generated during the extraction of raw material the processing of raw material into
intermediate and final product.

SIX PRINCIPLES
ELEMINATE WASSTE
EMPOWERMENT, RESPECT AND INTEGRITY
DESIDE LATER DELIVER FAST
AMPLIFY LEARNING
SEE THE WHOLE
RISK MANAGEMENT
We discuss about eliminate waste
Its takes careful planning is required to eliminate waste effectively
First thing too it the project as a process which is

Processing
Inputs
Production line, Out put
Material, components, labor assembling line,
End product
Research and development Management and
skill
It’s a mindset you your team and your company have adopt to make it work
Focus on work process and package them on the value stream you should put a good break down structure
each measure value stream
You will able to identify any weak link In the process from there you will able to eliminate { identify and
eliminate weak points}
Project management requires a conscious efforts so it always work in progress that’s why its measure
every thing if you don’t measure your results you don’t know making right moves. { don’t forget to
measure your results}

The lean manufacturing idea, the origin of lean design, was created by the engineer Taiichi Ohno, when
the reconstruction of Japan after World War II required efficiency and the optimum use of resources.

Ohno culminated his teachings in these 7 items that you must observe for lean project management to
succeed

There are seven wastages

1. Over production: to produce sooner, faster or in greater quantities than customer demand
2. Inventory: raw material work in progress or finished goods which is not having added to it.
3. Waiting: people or parts that wait for a work cycle to be completed.
4. Motion: unnecessary movement of people, parts or macgines within a process.
5. Rework: non right first time, reptition or correction of a process.
6. Transportation: unnecessary movement of people or parts between processes.
7. Overproceesing: processiong beyond the standard required by the customer.

Defects
In project management terminology when the term defect is used it is traditionally going to
be use in reference more to the letter definition. Specially in term of project management a
defect refer to a type of deficiency , error gap or imperfection some kind that may exist in a
specific component within a project that existence is said deficiency having the resulting the
impact on the component cause that component to not meet the predefined specifications or
requirements for the component. As a result it is often the respocibility of the project leader
project management team or the individual project team member assigned to the work on the
particular component to take the action either repairing if that is impossible replacing the
component. Defects are in products not in process.
Q: How going ahead or better than what you have plan benefical and deterimental in project?
Advantages of Project Management?
Both concepts are to be used concurrently and interrelatedly
Very useful for monitoring and evaluating employees output
Help to have a clear mind for creativity and innovates ideas
Both are perform indicators
Ability to get things done on time to avoid mistakes
One has the motivation and the determination to work harder
Disadvantages
Internal validity limited
Cannot to be used examine effective dose range
Cannot make as meaningful clinical comparisons between agents

Stringent inclusion criteria limit external validity

Outcome measures may not reflect crucial advantages and limitations of Interventions being
studied
Outcome measures may not address issues most important to patients and families