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P 2 HI 1,852 atm 2
H 2 + I 2 → 2 HI Kp = = = 59,4
PH 2 × PI 2 0,15atm × 0,384atm
PHI
1 / 2 H 2 + 1 / 2 I 2 → HI Kp = =
× PI12/ 2
1/ 2
P H2
1,85atm
= 7,71
(0,15) atm1 / 2 (0,384)1 / 2 atm1 / 2
1/ 2
PH 2 × PI 2 0,15atm × 0,384atm
2 HI → H 2 + I 2 Kp = = = 0,01683
PH 2 I (1,85) 2 atm 2
1,959 × 1
* nHI ( condfinales ) = = 0,03549
0,082 × 673
1−α 2α 1+ α PM = (1 + α ) δ RT
1atm × 92 gr / mo
1+ α =
1−α 2α atm × lto
1 2,4076 gr / lto × 0,08 × 323° K
1+ α 1+ α ° K × mol
α = 0,4427l
4α 2 4(0,4427) 2
Kp = = = Kp = 0,977
1 − α 2 1 − (0,4427) 2
N 2O 4 →→→ 2NO 2 nT
C O
1 − α 2α 1 + α
1 − α 2α
Pt Pt
1 + α 1 + α
4α 2 Pt2
(1 + α)2 4α 2Pt
Kp = 0,32 = =
1 − α 1 − α2
1 + αPt
0,32 × (1 − α 2)
Pt = Siα = 0,25 Pt = 1,2atm
4α 2
⋅
1mol
25, 23 gr . I 2 × =0 , 06 molesI 2
253,82 gr . I 2
743 mm×1lto
PV = nRT nHI = =0 , 04 molesHI
mm×lto
62 , 4 ×298° K
° K ×mol
H 2 + I 2 →→→→2 HI
0 0 , 06 0 , 04
X 0 , 06 + x 0 , 04− 2 x
[HI ] =(0,04−2x) v
2
2 2
comoV =1lto Kc=
[H2 ][I2 ] x 0,06+ x
×
v V
→
(0,04) 2 − 0,16 X + 4 X 2
Kc = 50,9 =
0,06 X + X 2
ordenando = 46,9 X 2 + 3,124 X − 0,0016 = 0
− 3,124 ± 3,26
X = X 1 = 0,0005
2 × 46,9
nH 2 = 0,0005moles
nI 2 = 0,0605moles
nHI = 0,0390moles
V = 1,876ltos
1mol
20gr.I 2 × = 0,0787I 2
253,82gr.I 2
PV = nH 2RT
PV 767mmHg × 1,876ltos
nH 2 = = = 0,0787molesH 2
RT mmHg × lto
62,4 × 293°K
°K × mol
(0,0787 − x)2
Kc = 0,0182 = ; sacando..raíces...y.
(2x)2
despejandoX = 0,0625 nHI = 0,125moles.
HI →→ 1/2 H 2 + 1/2 I 2
C 0 0
0,1918
Kc = = 011865
2(1 − 0,1918)
4c 2α 2 4cα 2
N 2O4 →→ 2NO 2 Kc = =
C(1 − α) 1 − α
C 0
C(1 − α) 2Cα
cálculoα =
PV = (1 + α)nRT
PV 0,2118atm × 1lto
1 + α = =
nRT atm × lto
6,28 × 10− 3 moles × 0,082 × 298°K
°K × mol
4cα 2 46,28 × 10− 3 moles / lto × 0,382
luego : Kc = =
1 − α 1 − 0,38
Kc = 0,00585moles / lto
Kp = Kc( RT ) ∆n = 0,00585(0,0082 × 298) =,143atm
1 − α 2α
Pp Pt Pt
1 + α 1 + α
4α 2 × 4
(1 + α)2 8α 2
Kp = =
2(1 − α) 1 − α2
1 + α
despejando :
8α 2 = 0,672 − 0,672α 2
0,672
α2 = ; α = 0,278
8,672
# molesN 2O 4 = 1,086 × 10− 2(1 − 0,278) = 7,84 × 10− 3
1 − 0,278
PpN 2O 4 = × 2 = 1,129atm
1,278
atm × lto
7,84 × 10− 3 moles × 0,082 × 318°K
V =
nRT
= °K × mol
P 1125atm
V = 0,181ltos.
Kc =
[PCl3 ][Cl2 ] =
[PCl5 ]
[2,88gr. / 137,5 [ ]
× 10] 5,46gr 71gr / mol × 1ltos
Kc =
[4,29gr 208,5gr / mol × 10ltos]
2,09 × 10− 2 × 7,69 × 10− 2
Kc = = 0,0072moles / lto
2,03 × 10− 2 × 10
Kp = Kc(RT) = 0,0072(0,082 × 473) = 3,072atm
PCl 5 → PCl 3 + Cl 2
atm × lto
0,12moles × 0,082 × 473°K
b) P =
nRT
= °K × mol
V 1,891ltos
P = 2,461atm
V = 1,891 / 2 = 0,9455ltos
c) (0,03 − x)(0,03 − x)
Kc =
(0,06 + x)0,5455
despejando y ordenando :
x 2
− 0,0675x + 0,00045 = 0
0,0675 − 0,05223
X = = 0,00748
2
nPCl5 = 0,06 + 0,00748 = 0,06748moles
nPCl3 = 0,05 − 0,00748 = 0,02252molesnT = 0,1852moles
nCl2 = 0,03 − 0,00748 = 0,2252moles
1−α α α
Pp Pt Pt Pt
1+α 1+α 1+α
α2 × (1,261)2
(1 + α)2 α 2 × 1,261
Kp = =
1 − α 1 − α2
(1 + α) × 1,261
de la ecuación : PM = (1+α)δRT
α = 0,7658 ; α = 76,58 %
ϕ PCl 5 = 5 ϕ aire
PM = ϕRT
1atm × 28,96gr / mol
ϕaire =
atm × lto
0,082 × 473°K
°K × mol
ϕaire = 0,7466gr / lto
Cálculo de α : PM = (1+α) ϕ RT
c 2α 2
Kc =
c(1 − α)
cα 2
Kc = Kp = Kc(RT)∆n óKc = kp(RT)− ∆n
1 −α
0,01α 2
Kc = 1,79(0,082 × 523)− 1 = = 0,04173
1 −α
despejando :
0,01α 2 + 4,173 × 10− 2α − 0,04173 = 0
1−α α α
Pp Pt Pt Pt
1+α 1+α 1+α
Cuando α = 29,2 %
α 2Pt
Kp = = (0,252)2 × 1 = 0,0932
1 − α2
Kc = Kp(RT)− 1 = 0,0932 × (0,082 × 455)− 1
Kc ==,00249
SbCl 5 → SbCl 3 + Cl 2
1 0 0
1-α α α
1−α α α
X
1+α 1+α 1+α
1−α α α
Pp 2 2 2
1+α 1+α 1+α
α 2Pt
Kp = calculamos α por PV=(1+α)nRT
1 − α2
(0,588) 2 × 2
Kp = = 1,060
1 − (0,588) 2
0,2122
PPN 2 = × 50atm = 10,61atm
1
0,6366
PPH 2 = × 50atm = 31,83atm
1
0,1511
PPNH 3 = × 50atm = 7,555atm
1
2
PPNH (7,555)2
Kp = 3
= = 0,000166atm − 2
PPN 2 × PPH 2 10,61 × (31,83)3
2
PNH
Kp=0,0000159atm-2 = 3
PN 2 × PH3 2
PNH 3 = x × 100,0
1 − x
PN 2 = × 100
4
3(1 − x)
PH 2 = × 100
4
x 2(100)2 42 x 2
Kp = 0,0000519 = =
1 − x (1 − x)41002 × 9
× 100(3 / 4)3(1 − x)3(100)3
4
16x
= 3,7434 3,7434x 2 − 23,4868x + 3,7434 = 0
(1 − x)2
cálculo de C:
6gr × alcohol 1mol
× × 1lto = 0,02moles
5ltos 60gr.alcohol
Macetona = 58gr/mol
masa = 1,4186 × 10-2 × 58 = 4,14gr.de acetona
4HCl + O2 →→ 2H 2 O + 2Cl 2
0,08-0,0664 0,1-0,0166 0,032 0,032
0,0136 0,0834 0,032 0,032
Presiones Parciales:
0,0136
PPHCk = × 1 = 0,088323
0,1634
0,0834
PPO 2 = × 1 = 0,5104
0,1634
0,0332
PPH 2O = = PPCl2 = × 1 = 0,20318
0,1634
(0,20318)4
Kp = = 69,58atm − 1
(0,08323) × =,5104
4
x/v × x/v x2
Ke = = 4 =
5 − x/v × 2 − x/v (5 − x)(2 − x)
x2
4 =
10 − 7x + x 2
donde :
4x 2 − 28x + 40 = x 2
3x 2 − 28x + 40 = 0
+ 28 ±7,84 × 102 − 4,8 × 102
x =
6
28 ± 17,43 x1 = 1,76moles.acetato(correcto)
x =
6 x2 = 22,71
x2 x2
Ke = = = 4
(0,416 − x)(1,63 − x) 0,678 − 2,046 + x 2
x 2 = 2,712 − 8,184x + 4x 2
3x 2 − 8,184x + 2,712 = 0
8,184 ± 5,868 x1 = 0,386 → Re spuesta
x =
6 x2 = 2,342
0,4545 × 0,4545
Kx = Kn = 0,25(descmposición) =
m
(1,136 − 0,4545)( H 2O − 0,4545)
18
0,2066
0,25 =
m
0,6815( H 2O − 0,4545)
18
m H 2O
− 0,4545 = 1,2125
18
m H 2O = 1,667 × 18 = 30,008grH 2O
1−α 2α
X 1
1+α 1+α
1−α 2α
Pp 1atm 1atm
1+α 1+α
4α 2
(1 + α)2 4α 2
Kp = 1,65atm = = dondeα = 0,54
1 − α 1 + α2
1 + α
1 − 0,54
XCO 2 = = 0,2987 ;29,87%
1 + 0,54
1 × 0,54
XCO = = 0,7012 ;70,12%
1 + 0,54
0,21-α 2α 1+α
0,21 − α 2α
X 1
1+α 1+α
0,21 − α 2α
Pp 1 1
1+α 1+α
4α 2
(1 + α)2 X CO 2 = 0,21 − 0,157 = 0,0545
Kp = 1,65 = dondeα = 0,157
0,21 − α X CO = 27,2%
1 + α
x
Kc = Kp = 0,403 =
0,2 − x
x = 0,0806 − 0,403x
0,0806
x = = 0,057448
1,403
EQUILIBRIO IONICO
d) Ca(OH) 2 = 0,01 M
Ca(OH) 2 → Ca+2 + 2OH- pOH=log1/2x10-2=1,7
10-2 0 0
0 0 2x10-2 pH=14-1,7=12,3
CH 3 COOH + H 2 O →→ CH 3 COO- + H 3 O+
Ka =
[CH COO ]× [H O ]
3
−
3
+
[CH3COOH]
CH 3 COOH + H 2 O →→ CH 3 COO- + H 3 O+
0,01 0 0
0,01(1-0,0411) 0,01x0,0411 0,01x0,0411
c(1-α) cα cα
a ) [CH 2COOH ] = 1M
CH 3COOH + H 2O →→→ H 3O + + CH 3COO −
C O O
C (1 − α ) Cα Cα
C 2α 2
Ka = 1,77 × 10− 5 = α 2 = 1,77 × 10− 5 − 1,77 × 10− 5α
C (1 − α )
b) [CH3COOH] = 1 × 10−4 M
(1 × 10−4)2 × α 2
−5
1,77× 10 =
1 × 10−4(1 −α )
1 × 10−8 α 2 + 1,77× 10−5α − 1,77× 10−5 = 0
− 1,77× 10−5 ± 3,13× 10−10 + 7,08× 10−9
=
2 × 10−4
= 3,41 × 10−1 34% =
pH = log 1/c = log 1/1 × 10−4 × 3,41 × 10−1 = 4,46
H 3 PO 4 → H+ + H 2 PO 4 -
H 2 PO 4 - → H+ + HPO 4 -2
HPO 4 = → H+ + PO 4 -3
H3PO4 →→ H+ + H2PO4−
K1 = 7,52 × 10−3 =
[H ][H PO ]
+
2 4
1 0 0
H3PO4
1−x x x
x2
7,32× 10−3 = ; x2 + 7,52× 10−3 − 7,52× 10−3 = 0
1−x
K3 = 4,8 × 10 −13
=
[H ][PO ]
+ ≡
4
HPO4=
4,8 × 10−13 =
8,29 × 10−2 × PO4≡ [ ]
6,22 × 10−8
4,3 × 10− 7 =
[H O ][HCO ]
3
+ −
3
[H 2CO3 ]
[H 2CO3 ]× 4,3 × 10− 7 = [H 3O + ]2 = 4,3 × 10− 7 [CO2 ]
nCO 2 = ?
PV = nRT
PV 1atm × llto
n= = = 0.042
RT 0,082 atm lto / K mol 288 K
[H O ] = 4,3 × 10
3
+ 2 −7
× 4,2 × 10− 2 = 1,759 × 10−8
[H O ] = 1,3 × 10
3
+ −4
pH = log1 / 1,3 × 10− 4 = 3,87
Kh =
[C6H 5COOH ][OH − ] =
[C6H 5COOH ][OH − ][H 3O + ]
[C H COO ]
6 5
−
[C H COO ][H O ]
6 5
−
3
+
Kw 10− 14
Kh = = −5
= 1,587 × 10− 10
Ka 6,3 × 10
c2α 2 0,0347α 2
Kh = = = 1,587 × 10− 10
c(1 − α) 1 − α
0,0347α + 1,587 × 10− 10 − 1,587 × 10− 10 = 0
2
+
a ) CH 3COONH 4 →→)CH 3COO − + NH 4
+ H 2O
−
−
CH 3COOH + OH
Kh =
[CH 3COOH ] [OH − ][H + ] = Kw = cx 2
[CH COO ][H ]
3
− +
Ka 1− x
desprec..
Kw Kw Kw
x2 = = ;x =
KaC Ka × Kb Ka × Kb
1 × 10− 4
x= −5 −5
= 5,68 × 10− 3 ; 0,568%
1,77 × 10 × 1,75 × 10
[H O ] =
3
+ Kw × Ka
Kb
=
10−14 × 1,78 × 10− 4
1,75 × 10− 5
= 1 × 10− 7 pH = 7
1 × 10−14
b) x= −14 −5
= 1,79 × 10− 3 ; 0,179%
1,78 × 10 1,75 × 10
Kw × Ka 10−141,78 × 10−4
[H O ] +
= =
1,75 × 10− 5
3
Kb
[H O ] 3
+
= 3,18 × 10− 7 pH = 6,5
0,1 molesAc
× 50 cc = 5 × 10− 3 moles CH 3COOH
1000 cc
0,1 molesNa
× 20 cc = 2 × 10− 3 molesNaOH
1000 cc
[H O ] = 1,77 × 10
3
+ −5 3 × 10− 3
2 × 10− 3
= 2,65 × 10− 5
b) 3 × 10−3 molesNaOH
5 × 10−3 molesCH3COOH
2 × 10− 3
[H O ] +
= 1,77 × 10 −5
−3
= 1,18 × 10− 5
3 × 10
3
1
pH = log = 4,93
1,18 × 10− 5
11. A 25°C 600cc de agua pura disuelven 0,01gr. de
fluoruro cálcico. Hallar a esta temperatura el producto
de solubilidad del fluoruro cálcico.
0,9gr →→ 200cc
x 1000cc
1mol
4,5gr.PbCl2 × = 1,61 × 10− 2 M
278grPbCl2
Kps = [Pb + 2 ][Cl− ] = 1,62 × 10− 2(3,23 × 10− 2)2 =
2
= 1,7 × 10− 5
0,443mgr.= 0,443x10-3gr
1mol
0,433 × 10− 3gr × = 4,92 × 10− 6 moles
90gr.
Kps = [Fe + + + ][OH − ]
−2
0,0123grCaCO3 1molCaCO3
a) × = 1,23 × 10− 4 M
lto 100gr.CaCO3
CaCO3 →→ Ca + CO3=
++
b) + H 2O
HCO3− + OH −
Kw
Kn =
K2
10− 14
Kn = − 11
= 1,785 × 10− 4
5,6 × 10
c2α 2
Kn =
c(1 − α)
1,23 × 10− 4α 2 + 1,785 × 10− 4α − 1,785 × 10− 4 = 0
α = 0,68
α = 68%
KClO4 →→ K + + ClO4−
Kps = 1,07 × 10− 2 = [K + ][ClO4− ]
S = 1,034 × 10− 1 moles / lto
1lto 1mol
−1
× × 1gr. = 6,98 × 10− 2ltos
1,034 × 10 moles 138,5gr
10 .