PRT193 Petroleum Refining Equipment

4th Quarter SY 2016-2017

HEAT EXCHANGERS

Cadiz, Pria Mae, Santos, Jasper

Heat exchanger – a device whose primary Temperature Profile:

purpose is the transfer of energy between
two fluids.

 Countercurrent Flow (Counter Flow)

Heat is transferred from a hot phase to a cold
phase within the two phases being separated -The hot fluid and cold fluid flows in
by a solid boundary. opposite direction.
-more efficient than parallel flow.

Types of Heat Exchanger: Temperature Profile:

1. Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger

- the simplest heat exchanger
- one fluid flows inside one pipe and
the other in the annular space
between the two pipes
- used for small flow rates.
*2 Types of DPHE:
 Concurrent Flow (Parallel Flow) 2. Plate Heat Exchangers

-two fluids flowing in the same - consist of thin plates joined

direction. together, with a small amount of
space between each plate.
 - the corners of each rectangular *Types of STHE Used in Refinery:
plate feature an opening through 1. U-TUBE Heat Exchanger
which fluid can flow between plates.
A U-TUBE heat exchanger generally is
- The fluid channels themselves taken less under consideration for heat
alternate hot and cold fluids. exchanging because in case of any leakage or
3. Cross-flow Heat Exchangers testing the tubes are difficult to clean. Here
the tube expansion is independent of other
-are usually made of aluminum alloys,
tubes. This is used in oil refinery in crude
which provide high heat transfer
distillation unit for heat exchange between
efficiency which enables the system
crude and medium pressure steam.
to operate at a lower temperature
difference and reduce the weight of
the equipment.
- are mostly used for low temperature
services such as natural gas, helium
and oxygen liquefaction plants.

2. Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchanger

- A fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is

the most cheapest and economical
4. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger type of heat exchanger used in any oil
refinery for heat exchanging
- most commonly used heat
because the mechanism of its
exchanger.
operation is simple and also the
- consist of series of tubes. testing and repair of the same is
- One set of these tubes contains the easy to perform.
fluid that must be either heated or
cooled. The second fluid runs over the
tubes that are being heated or cooled
so that it can either provide the heat
or absorb the heat required.

Shell - more viscous fluid.

Tubes - more dirty and corrosive fluid.
 3. Floating Head Heat Exchanger
-A floating head type of heat exchanger
is the most efficient type of heat exchanger
used in an oil refinery. It has a floating head
attached to one of its end which helps in the
proper heat transfer between fluids.
-This is used in oil refinery in crude
distillation unit for heat exchange between
crude and naphtha.
‘ models where a floating tube bundle (where
4. Kettle Type Heat Exchanger
-A kettle type heat exchanger is a
special type of heat exchanger which is
used when the fluid s used consist of high
pressure gases and this heat exchanger
has a specially designed shell that gives
expansion space to the heat exchanger.
- This is used in oil refinery in crude
distillation unit for heat exchange between
naphtha and diesel or between kerosene.
Application in Petroleum Refinery
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
One of the most common applications
is the cooling of hydraulic fluid and oil in
engines, transmissions and hydraulic power
packs. With the right choice of materials they
can also be used to cool or heat other
mediums, such as swimming pool water or
charge air.
One of the big advantages of using a
shell and tube heat exchanger is that they are
often easy to service, particularly with
the tube plates are not welded to the outer
shell) is available.
Plate Heat Exchanger
In the petrochemical industry the
installation of tubular heat exchangers has
been predominant for many decades.
However, for some years now, sealed and
fully-welded plate heat exchangers are
finding more and more of a share in this
market segment.
These heat exchangers are
exceptionally suitable for heat recovery tasks
or the condensation of solvents. Plate heat
exchangers with high pressures,
temperatures, special materials and, in
particular, special sealing qualities, are
finding applications in petrochemical
production processes.
Typical tasks for SIGMA plate heat exchanger
in the petrochemical industries are:
 Condensation of solvents and
multiple-material mixtures
  Cooling / Heating of reactors and
production containers
 Cooling and heating of intermediate
products
 Cooling of hydrocarbons
 Cooling of water circuits
 Benzene / Benzene heat recovery
 Heat recovery within petrochemical
processes

References:
https://www.apischmidt-
bretten.de/us/app_chemie_petro.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tub
e_heat_exchanger#Theory_and_Application
http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/process
-equipment/heat-exchanger-types
Kushwaha D.K. (2015), A Critical Review on
Heat Exchangers used in Oil Refinery