CONSTRUCTING SEISMIC RESISTANT

MASONRY HOUSES
2M 2M

1M

TEDDY BOEN & ASSOCIATES

Senior Advisor World Seismic Safety Initiative (WSSI)
Published by:
United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD)
Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office

2009
 All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form, or by any means, graphic, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except with
the written permission of the writer / publisher.

If copying part of this book for non-commercial purposes, the

source must be mentioned.

Third Edition
2009
First Published 2005

WORLD SEISMIC SAFETY INITIATIVE

TEDDY BOEN

Published by:
United Nations Center for Regional
Development (UNCRD)
Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office
 © 2009 United Nations

Mission Statement of UN/DESA

The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic,
social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department
works in three main interlinked areas: (a) it compiles, generates and
analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and
information on which State Members of the United Nations draw to
review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (b) it
facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental
bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global
challenges; and (c) it advises interested Governments on the ways and
means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations
conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and,
through technical assistance, helps built national capacities.

Designations employed and presentation of material in this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat or the United
Nations Centre for Regional Development, concerning the legal status of any country or
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
page
I. TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................... I
II. PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. II
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND LAYOUT OF HOUSES ................................................. 1
2. CLEAN WATER AND SEWERAGE ...................................................................................... 2
3. PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RESISTANT HOUSE CONSTRUCTION .................................. 3
4. BUILDING MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 4
5. ERECTION OF BATTER BOARDS ...................................................................................... 5
6. RUBBLE (RIVER / QUARRY) STONE FOUNDATION ......................................................... 6
7. REINFORCING BARS BENDING TOOL .............................................................................. 7
8. LENGTH AND BENDING OF REINFORCING BARS .......................................................... 8-11
8.A. BEAM REINFORCING BARS ....................................................................................... 8-9
8.B. COLUMN REINFORCING BARS .................................................................................. 10
8.C. STIRRUPS .................................................................................................................... 11
9. SEISMIC RESISTANT DETAILING OF JOINTS ................................................................... 12
10. FOUNDATION BEAM REINFORCING DETAILING ............................................................. 13
11. PREPARING CONCRETE MIX ............................................................................................ 14-15
12. PLACING CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION BEAM ................................................................. 16
13. PLUMBNESS OF BRICK LAYING AND COLUMNS ............................................................. 17
14. BRICK WALL ......................................................................................................................... 18
15. REINFORCING BAR DETAILING AND PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMNS ................... 19-23
16. JOINT DETAILS AND PLACING CONCRETE IN BEAMS .................................................... 24
17. TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES ................................................................................................... 25
18. GABLE WALL ........................................................................................................................ 26
19. ROOF COVERING ................................................................................................................ 27
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 28-29

I
 PREFACE
Throughout the centuries, earthquakes have taken a high toll of human lives and caused
property losses. Earthquakes do not kill people but the collapse of man made buildings does.
Until today, human beings cannot prevent earthquakes, however, human beings can try to
reduce the impact by designing and constructing earthquake resistant buildings. Almost all of
Indonesia is earthquake pone.
Currently people all over Indonesia build half brick masonry or concrete block houses. Masonry
houses have become a new culture. Many of those masonry houses are built without
confinement in the form of reinforced concrete beams and columns and in almost all past
earthquakes, masonry houses without confinement generally were heavily damaged or
collapsed. Half brick thick masonry wall houses without confinement is not recommended for
earthquake prone areas.
Houses recommended to be built are half brick thick masonry wall with confinement in the form
of foundation beam, practical columns and ring beam. Past earthquakes showed that such type
of houses are earthquake resistant provided that they are built properly.
This guideline tries to explain in a simple way the principles of constructing half brick thick
confined masonry houses.
This guideline contains the basic and elementary principles concerning how to lay bricks, how to
prepare concrete mix, how to bend reinforcing bars, detailing of joints and other basic things
already forgotten by local artisans, construction workers and by most engineers all over
Indonesia.
The methods and details recommended in this guideline are basic and are minimum
requirements for constructing earthquake resistant masonry houses.
Materials for this guideline are taken from ref 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30 and 35.
It is hoped that this guideline is useful for the common people in earthquake prone areas and for
stakeholders involved in reducing the impact of future earthquakes.

Jakarta, April 2005

Teddy Boen & Associates

II
 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND LAYOUT OF HOUSES

Items to be observed:
1. Distance of house from the
property line
Ratio of houses / property
area
Height of house shall be
proportional
Form should be suitable for x property
line
local climate
2. Building line
3. Layout: x x building
- House layout

900
- Septic tank
- Leaching
- Drainage
building

- Water pipe
line

- Well
4. Ground level shall be the
100 year flood level
x : Distance from land border
fence
Road

1
 2. CLEAN WATER AND SEWERAGE

leaching, length 3m, septic tank, length 2,7m, height 1,5m, width 1m
height 1,2m, width 1m
1M >15 M

leaching sewage pipe 6”

from well
sewage
clean water
pipe 1 1/4”
collection
pit for rain water
sewage drain 30x30cm

900

manhole
45x45x45cm

city drainage

road

garbage collection pit 150x90x75cm

covered with galvanized iron sheet or timber
partition for organic & anorganic

2
 3. PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RESISTANT HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION
1. Good quality materials.
2. Good workmanship.
3. All building components (foundation, columns, beams,
walls, roof trusses, roofing) MUST be TIED to each other,
so that when SHAKEN BY EARTHQUAKES, the building
will act as ONE INTEGRAL UNIT.

timber roof trusses

r.c beams

half-brick gable wall

r.c. beam r.c. beam

half-brick
masonry wall

anchor min. f 10mm r.c. foundation beam

length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
rubble stone foundation
r.c. column

3
 4. BUILDING MATERIALS
SAND: CONCRETE BLOCK:
- from rivers / quarries - best from concrete mix
- clean from mud - corners not damaged
- clean from organic materials - no cracks
SAND

20cm
20cm
GRAVEL:

40
40

cm
- from rivers / quarries

mc
10cm
- clean from mud 10cm

- clean from organic materials

-f 1-2cm TIMBER:
- dry
- straight
GRAVEL
- no cracks
- no notch
CEMENT: - treated against termite
- Portland Cement
- not hardened
- dry
- in 40/50 kg bags
- not mixed with other materials
3-4 m
length
NETTO 50 KG - uniform color

WATER : RUBBLE STONE:

- clean - size as uniform as possible
- clear and does not smell - rough surface, not smooth
- no oil, acid, alkali, salt, organic materials
that can affect the r.c. bars
- potable

BRICKS:
- completely burnt
- flat, not warping
- does not break easily R.C. BARS:
- uniform size - uniform size
- corners not damaged - conform with standard bars
- minimum size 20x10x5cm - not rusted
- straight
5cm

- diameter in accordance with

drawings
20
cm

10cm

4
 5. ERECTION OF BATTER BOARDS ERECTION OF BATTER
BOARD:
1. Batter board is used as
batter board 2x20cm benchmark for the levels of
upper level flat & smooth the house.
2m 2m 2. Batter boards shall be
wall axis
erected prior to
construction.
3. Batter boards 2x20cm are
must be supported by timber stakes
perpendicular 5/7cm and placed 2m
apart.
4. Upper part of batter board
A
is flat and smooth.
5. Upper part of batter board
must be horizontal and this
leveling is done using
must be flexible water tube.
perpendicular 6. Corners must be
perpendicular.

900
timber stakes
5/7cm

try square batter board

batter board
brace 4x6cm, to support batter board every 2m nail 7cm
cord
brace 4x6cm attached to nail
batter board to support
2x20cm batter board
upper level flat & smooth 1m every 2m
1m

wall axis building axis / cord

1m
min 80cm

2m

foundation excavation
leveled with water tube
Detail A to determine the level

5
 6. RUBBLE (RIVER / QUARRY) STONE FOUNDATION

foundation excavation

level must
be taken
for 100
year flood
level

minimum 80 cm

minimum 80 cm

r.c. bar min. f

10 mm
anchor min. f 10mm
> 40 cm length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
column 12x12cm stirrup f
8mm
distance <15cm
foundation beam
15x20cm r.c. bar min. f
10mm
40d 90

anchor min. f
10mm rubble stone foundation
every 1m loose rubble stone
concrete mix lean concrete

Note:
Loose rubble stone and sand is needed if the bottom is muddy.

6
 7. REINFORCING BARS BENDING TOOL

clamp rods
embedded in
base timber beam

bar bender

bar bender

clamp rods embedded

in base timber beam

timber base
clamping rods 8/15

minimum 60cm

f
8 mm

f
10 mm
the groove must be in accordance with the bar diameter to be bent

Notes:
?Prior to cutting reinforcing bars, the lengths of columns, beams reinforcing bars &
stirrups and length of hooks must be determined from construction drawings.
?After the reinforcing bars are cut based on the necessary length, the reinforcing bars
are bent with appropriate bar bending tool and shaped into columns, beams, stirrups.
?Bending bars after the reinforcing bars are assembled is not correct.

7
 8. LENGTH AND BENDING OF REINFORCING BARS
8. A. BEAM REINFORCING BARS Prior to cutting, reinforcing bar length to be measured from
construction drawings, including the bends & hooks.
1. OUTER BEAM REINFORCING BAR Example: beam with 6m length from axis to axis, using bar
f 10mm:
1 Formula: A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F
A = 6000mm
B=40D
B = 40D = 400mm
F C = 6D = 60mm
½G

E=2,5 D E = 2,5D = 25mm

C=6D D = bar diameter = 10mm
F = concrete cover
= 2,5cm from the main reinforcing bar axis
G = column width = 120mm
Length of outer beam reinforcing bar:
= A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F
= 6000 + 120 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25) - 2 (25)
= 7040mm = 7,04 m

D
4
C=6D

B=40D
A

E=2,5D
C=6D

length of bar is bent

40D = 400mm
at one end
A + G + B - 2F = 6470 mm

C=6D
5
C =6D
B=40D
½G

E=2,5 D

B=40D
3 C=6D

column
12x12cm 2
A + G + 2B - 2F = 6870 mm

A + G - 2F = 6070 mm
A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F = 7040 mm

finally, the other end

of reinforcing bar
is bent 40D = 400mm

C=6D
length of bend is 6D
= 60mm at both ends
distance of bend is B=40D
2,5 D = 25mm
C=6D

8
 2. INNER BEAM REINFORCING BAR
1
½G
B=40D Inner beam reinforcing bar calculation:
F E=2,5 D Formula: A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F)
A = 6000mm
C=6D
B = 40D = 400mm
C = 6D = 60mm
E = 2,5D = 25mm
D = bar diameter = 10mm
F = concrete cover
= 2,5cm from the main reinforcing bar
axis
A

G = column width = 120mm

Length of inner beam reinforcing bar:
= A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F)
= 6000 - 120 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25 + 25)
= 6900mm = 6,90 m
C=6D
E=2,5 D
B=40D
½G

B=40D
column 12x12cm
4
D
C=6D

C=6D

2 E=2,5D
length of bar is bent
40D = 400mm
at one end
A - G +B+2F = 6330 mm

3 C=6D 5 B=40D
A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F) = 6900 mm

A - G + 2 (B + F) = 6730 mm

A - G + 2F = 5930 mm

finally, the other end

of reinforcing bar
is bent 40D = 400mm
length of bend is 6D =
60mm at both ends
distance of bend is
2,5 D = 25mm

C=6D
B=40D

9
 8. B. COLUMN REINFORCING BARS
B=40D
1
E=2,5 D

C=6D

Prior to cutting, reinforcing bar length to be measured from construction

drawings, including the bends & hooks.
Example: column with 3m height from axis to axis, using bar f 10mm:
Formula: A + 2 (B + C + E)
A = 3000mm
B = 40D = 400mm
C = 6D = 60mm
E = 2,5D = 25mm
A

D = bar diameter = 10mm

Length of column reinforcing bar:
= A + 2 (B + C + E)
= 3000 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25)
= 3970mm = 3,97m
Therefore, for 12m reinforcing bar, it can be obtained 3 column reinforcing
bars for 3m height from axis to axis.
C=6D

E=2,5 D

B=40D

B=40D
4
2
C=6D

D
C=6D

E=2,5D
length of bar is bent
40D = 400mm
A + B = 3400 mm

at the upper
A + 2 (B + C + E) = 3970 mm

C=6D
3 5 B=40D

C=6D
A + 2B = 3800 mm

finally, the lower

A

of reinforcing bar
is bent 40D = 400mm
length of bend is 6D =
60mm at both ends
C=6D

distance of bend is
2,5 D = 25mm C=6D

C=6D
B=40D

10
 8.C. STIRRUPS
1 4
length of reinforcing bar bend
C 90 mm from (B - 2F)

B - 2F = 90 mm
B
2,5D C

2,5D
C

A
=

2A + B - 6F = 270 mm
6D

C
2 5

A + B - 4F = 180 mm
2 (A + B) + 2(C + E) - 8F = 496 mm

F = 1,5 cm B - 2F = 90 mm
concrete cover
thickness 1,5cm
from stirrup axis
stirrups are bent
90mm from (B - 2F)
C
6 A - 2F = 90 mm
B - 2F = 90 mm

finally, the stirrups are

bent 90mm from (A - 2F )

A - 2F = 90 mm

Prior to cutting, stirrup reinforcing bar length to be measured from

construction drawings, including the bends & hooks. The length is
determined based on the stirrup axis with formula:
2 (A + B) - 8F = 360 mm

perimeter of column / beam + 2 x hook length - 8 x concrete

cover from stirrup axis
D 5
4 Example: stirrup of column 12x12 cm using bar f 8mm:
E= A = column width at one side = 120mm
2,5D B = column width at the other side = 120mm
C = 6D = 48mm
= 6D E = 2,5D = 20mm
C
D = bar diameter = 8mm
F = concrete cover from stirrup axis = 15mm
Formula: 2 (A + B) + 2 (C + E) - 8F
D
both ends of the Length of stirrup bar:
= 6 stirrups are bent = 2 (A + B) + 2 (C + E) - 8F
C = 2 (120 + 120) + 2 (48 + 20) - 8 x 15
6D = 60mm at an
angle of 45
o = 496mm = 49,6cm

11
 9. SEISMIC RESISTANT DETAILING OF JOINTS

! BENDING METHOD

6D
IMPORTANT:
- reinforcing bar diameter 45
- bending method
- joint detailing

Corner Joint 40D

15cm 15cm
40D

reinforcing bar beam beam

min. f 10 mm
15cm
stirrup min. f
8 mm
length < 15cm
Top View Top View

beam
40D 40D
Middle Joint

column
15cm 15cm
beam

15cm

Side View Side View

column
Example:
D = 10mm Joint
40D = 400mm
40D = 40cm 40D

12
 10. FOUNDATION BEAM REINFORCING DETAILING
10.A. MIDDLE JOINT column reinforcing bar
min. f 10mm
>40 anchor min. f 10mm,
cm length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
stirrups min. f
8mm
distance < 15cm

beam reinforcing bars

min. f10mm

column reinforcing bar min. f

10mm
10.B. CORNER JOINT
anchor min. f 10mm, length > 40cm
>40 every 6 layers of brick
cm
stirrups min. f
8mm distance < 15cm
beam reinforcing bars min. f
10mm

reinforcing bars
min. f 10mm

beam reinforcing bars

min. f 10mm

beam reinforcing bars

stirrups min. f8mm
min. f 10mm
distance < 15cm

Top View Top View

40D

40D 40D 40D

13
 11. PREPARING CONCRETE MIX
1 First step, pour 3 pails of gravel & mix properly
with a hoe.
mix properly
with a hoe

2 Add 2 pails of sand & mix properly with a hoe.

gravel & sand is mixed

evenly with a hoe

3 Subsequently ,add one 4 After the three

pail of cement & mix gravel, sand & ingredients are
properly with a hoe. cement is properly mixed.
mixed properly
with a hoe
gravel, sand &
cement that are
already mixed
properly

14
 11. PREPARING CONCRETE MIX

6 Add ½ pail of water & mix properly.

Form a depression
5 in the center.
mix properly
with a hoe

Finally test the concrete mix consistency by

7 placing in your hand.
Example: too much water good

Concrete mix that meets standard requirement:

Materials needed for 1 m3 of concrete:
0,125 m3 water
3
0,250 m cement
3
0,500 m sand
0,750 m3 gravel

The ratio of water : cement : sand : gravel

1 : 2 : 4 : 6
or
½ : 1 : 2 : 3

15
 12. PLACING CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION BEAM
15 cm
concrete mix: Mix properly with appropriate
1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel
amount of water
stirrup min. f8mm Concrete Mix:
distance < 15 cm
20 cm

reinforcing bar 1 pc (cement) 2 sand 3 gravel

f 10mm Expected min. compressive strength:
= 150 kg/cm2
surface must be horizontal
concrete cover 2,5cm
from axis of main reinforcing bar

stirrup min. f8mm

distance < 15 cm spreader 5/7 cm
stud 5/7 cm
reinforcing brace 5/7 cm
bar f 10mm nailed to stake
& stud
stake 5/7 cm
form work
sheathing
20mm
rubble stone
foundation

CURING:
?
Before & after the form work is
removed, it must be sprayed routinely.
?
This applies to all reinforced concrete
components.

foundation
beam

16
13. PLUMBNESS OF BRICK LAYING AND COLUMNS

Walls and columns must be

plumb and can be done using
plumb lines and pins (cord &
plumb bob).
vertical Corners of walls must be
plumb line timber pole
4/6 cm perpendicular.

brick
work Note:
Columns form work must be supported
on 4 sides to warrant plumbness.

plumb bob

foundation
beam

vertical
plumb line
timber pole 4/6 cm timber pole
as form work bracing column 4/6 cm
reinforcing

form work
A: distance of plumb
line to the column
A

plumb
bob

foundation beam

17
 reinforcing bar min. f 10mm
14. BRICK WALL stirrup min. f8mm distance < 15 cm
anchor min. f 10mm, length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
surface must be
horizontal half brick masonry wall
column 12x12cm
mortar thickness 1,5 cm
mortar mix 1 pc : 4 sand
foundation beam 15x20 cm

Mortar Mix:

1 pc (cement) 4 sand
mixed properly & add water
appropriately
column
Top View

cord brick wall

timber pole 5/7 cm along wall height erected to act

as pilot for brick laying in the vertical direction

bricks must be
Curing:brick wall
soaked minimum must be sprayed
periodically

mortar thickness 1,5 cm

quality mortar mix 1 pc : 4 sand
6,5cm 6,5cm 6,5cm

+ 1,5 cm

bricks cord
5 cm

DO NOT
+ 1,5cm

break

+ 1,5cm

Pull a cord to lay each layer of brick

plus 1,5cm. The cord serve as
1/4 1/2 1/4 horizontal guidance.

poor
quality
bricks
break
half brick masonry wall
Timber pole to fix the cord is marked for every level of brick plus
1,5cm. The string is removed if the brick layer is completed.

18
 15. REINFORCING BAR DETAILING AND PLACING CONCRETE
IN COLUMNS
12cm concrete cover 2,5cm brick wall
from axis of main reinforcing bar
stirrup min. f8mm
distance < 15 cm
12 cm

reinforcing bar
min. f 10mm

concrete mix:
1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel
Concrete Mix:

1 pc (cement) 2 sand 3 gravel

Mix properly; add water appropriately.
Expected min. compressive strength
of concrete = 150 kg/cm2

Top View
all form work must be tailored made &
shall not use arbitrary planks stake 4/6 cm
r.c. column
Reinforcing Detailing
form work 40D 40D
2/20 cm

r.c. beam
beam reinforcing bar column reinforcing bar
4f 10-12mm 4f10-12mm
mortar beam stirrup min. f8mm
distance < 15 cm column stirrup min. f
8mm
thickness distance < 15 cm
1,5 cm
foundation beam reinforcing bar
mortar mix foundation beam stirrup
4f 10-12mm
1 pc : 4 sand min. f 8mm distance < 15 cm
foundation beam
brick wall
10 cm
12 cm 40D 40D

19
 15.A. PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH
BRICK LAYING
I. COLUMN REINFORCING BARS SUPPORTED BY TIMBER BRACING TO
PREVENT BENDING/LEANING

2 1 1/2
1

reinforcing
bars

rough surface brick at

junction with column

timber brace
4/6 cm anchor min. f 10mm,
length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
COLUMN IS STRAIGHT
half brick wall is
provided with
toothed edges to
be filled with
concrete
half wall height

column
reinforcing bar

COLUMN WITH
TOOTHED
EDGES BRICK
WALL
3

1/4 1/4
half wall height

brace 4/6 cm nailed

to form work

form work
half wall height
rough surface brick at junction
2
timber bracing with column
stake 4/6 cm Curing:
brick wall & concrete must
be sprayed periodically

20
 II. PHASE I PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN AFTER THE HALF
HEIGHT BRICK WALL IS ERECTED

to compact the
4 5 concrete, a steel rod
f12mm is used to
placing tramp & a club
concrete hammer to tap the
after half sides
half wall height

height brick

half wall height

wall is
erected

club hammer

Curing:
brick wall &
concrete must
be sprayed
III. PHASE II PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN periodically

form work is erected

second half
wall height

1 for the second half 2

second half
wall height
wall height

placing concrete
after the brick wall is
Note: completed
placing concrete is
done in one run &
NOT IN STAGES

3 4

the form work can

second half
wall height

be removed
minimum 3 days
to compact the afer placing
concrete, a steel concrete
rod f 12mm is
used to tramp &
a club hammer to
tap the sides

COLUMN IS STRAIGHT COLUMN WITH TOOTHED

EDGES BRICK WALL

21
 15.B. PLACING CONCRETE IN I. PLACING CONCRETE LOWER
COLUMNS IN STAGES PRIOR HALF OF THE COLUMN
TO THE BRICK LAYING

anchor min. f 10mm,

length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick

column reinforcing bar

min. f 10mm
form work erected full
height on 3 sides

form work is erected to compact the

half column height concrete, a steel
half column height

brace 4/6 cm nailed rod f 12mm is

to form work stud used to tramp &
stud a club hammer to
timber bracing 4/6 cm tap the sides
4/6 cm
to support
form work

II. PLACING CONCRETE UPPER

the form work can
HALF OF THE COLUMN
be removed
minimum 3 days
afer placing
concrete
column height

Curing:
concrete must be sprayed periodically

Note:
? columns are supported on 4 sides
to warrant plumbness during
placing of concrete.
club hammer
?
placing concrete is done in one run
and NOT IN STAGES

22
 15.C. PLACING CONCRETE IN FULL HEIGHT COLUMNS PRIOR TO
BRICK LAYING

anchor min. f 10mm, length > 40cm

every 6 layers of brick

brace 4/6 cm to tie form work

(when needed, number of bracing can be added)

form work is erected full column

height & ready for placing concrete
column height

timber bracing 4/6 cm to support form work

to compact the concrete, a steel

rod f 12mm is used to tramp & a
club hammer to tap the sides

column height

the form work can be

removed minimum 3 days
afer placing concrete
club hammer

Curing:
concrete must be sprayed periodically

Note:
? columns are supported on 4 sides
to warrant plumbness during
placing of concrete.
?
placing concrete is done in one run
and NOT IN STAGES

23
 16. JOINT DETAILS AND PLACING CONCRETE IN BEAMS
concrete mix: Concrete Mix:
1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel

stirrup min. f8mm

distance < 15 cm 1 pc (cement) 2 sand 3 gravel
20cm

reinforcing bar Mix properly; add water appropriately.

min. f 10mm Expected min. compressive strength
of concrete = 150 kg/cm2
concrete cover 2,5cm
from axis of main reinforcing bar reinforcing bar
12cm min. f 10mm
concrete surface must be leveled stirrup min. f8mm
distance < 15 cm
sheathing 2cm
cleat 5/7 cm every 50cm
(if deemed necessary)
tie wire
nail 7cm
brace 5/7 cm
spreader 2/3 cm every 1m
stud 5/7 cm every 1m

brace 5/7 cm
brick work
reinforced concrete column
stud 5/7 cm every 1m
spreader 2/3 cm every 1m reinforcing bar min. f
10mm
cleat 5/7 cm every 40 D
50cm (if deemed 40 D
necessary)
tie wire
r.c.beam
brace 5/7 cm
nail 7cm
brace 5/7 cm
sheathing 2cm brick work
stirrup min. f8mm
Curing: reinforcing bar distance < 15 cm
brick wall & concrete must be sprayed periodically min. f 10mm

24
 17. TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES tool to twist anchor bars made
of galvanized iron pipe > f3“
with 2 holes

anchor min. f10mm,

timber bracing to tie trusses 6/12 cm bolt min. length >40cm
f
10 mm
purlin 6/12 cm wooden pin
min. f
10mm steel clams
4.40 mm
purlin 6/12 cm

8/1
2c
bolt min.

m
f10 mm
8/1
2c
m
r.c. beam12/20 cm
8/12 cm

m
2c
8/1 column
iron sheet 12/12 cm
4.40 mm /
plank 20.100 mm

cm
8/12 cm

m 2
2c 8/1
8/1
purlin
6/12 cm
6/12 cm
cm
cleat 8/12

cm
8/12
8/12 cm bolt min. f 10 mm
iron sheet 4.40 mm /
bolt min. f
10 mm plank 20.100 mm

25
 18. GABLE WALL
I
III
II
reinforcing bar min. f
10mm

40d 40d

stirrup min. f8mm

40d distance < 15 cm
40d stirrup min. f8mm
distance < 15 cm

II

reinforcing bar min. f

10mm

40d 40d
III
40d 40d
40d

stirrup min. f8mm

distance < 15 cm
reinforcing bar min. f
10mm

26
 screw
19. ROOF COVERING galvanized iron
sheet roof

fascia purlin 6/12 cm

2/25 cm cleat

ridge fascia beam roof truss 8/12 cm

ridge
cover ridge 6/12 cm 6/12 cm
cover
galvanized iron screw
sheet roof
purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
roof truss
8/12 cm

cm galvanized iron
20
sheet roof

screw cm
20
purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
roof truss
8/12 cm

galvanized iron
sheet roof
+ screw roof truss
8/12 cm
lead washer purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
fascia beam
2/25 cm
fascia 2/25 cm
ready to fix
roof cover
Advantage of galvanized iron sheet roofing:
- Light in weight
- Easy to install

27
 REFERENCES
[1] Boen, T., “Reconstruction of Houses in Aceh, Seven Months after the Earthquake dan
Tsunami, Dec 26, 2004.” ICUS Conference, Singapore, 2005.
[2] Boen, T., “Nias / Simeulue Earthquake March 28, 2005.” EERI Journal, Vol.39, 2005.
[3] Boen, T. and Jigyasu, R., “Cultural Considerations for Post Disaster Reconstruction Post-
Tsunami Challenges.” UNDP Conference, 2005.
[4] Boen, T., “Membangun Rumah Tembokan Tahan Gempa”, 2005.
[5] Boen, T., “Sumatra Earthquake, 26 December 2004.” Special Report ICUS, 2005.
[6] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non-Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.”
EASEC Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 2003.
[7] American Concrete Institute, ACI 318-02, 2002.
[8] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.”
EQTAP Conference, Kamakura, 2001.
[9] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.”
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[10] Boen, T., et. al., “Post Earthquake Disaster Relocation: Indonesia's Experience.” APEC
Conference, Taiwan, 2001.
[11] Boen, T., “Impact of Earthquake on School Buildings in Indonesia.” EQTAP Conference,
Kobe, Jepang, 2001.
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[13] Boen, T., Gempa Bumi Bengkulu: Fenomena, dan Perbaikan / Perkuatan Bangunan
(Berdasarkan Hasil Pengamatan terhadap Bangunan-Bangunan yang Rusak akibat
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[15] Tomazevic, Miha, Earthquake Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, Imperial College
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[16] Pande, et. al., Computer Methods in Structural Masonry, Proceeding 4th International
Symposium on Computer Methods in Structural Masonry, 1998.
[17] Boen, T., Bencana Gempa Bumi: Fenomena, Akibat, dan Perbaikan / Perkuatan
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yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi Biak, 17 Februari 1996), 1996.
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Experience, 1994.
[22] Boen, T., Manual Perbaikan Bangunan yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi (Hasil Survey
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[25] Pauley & Priestley, Seismic Design of Reinforce and Masonry, John Wiley & Sons,
Canada, Ltd, 1992.
[26] Brett, Peter, Formwork and Concrete Practice, Heineman Professional Publishing, 1988.

28
 REFERENCES
[27] Curtin, Shaw, Beck, Structural Masonry Designers Manual, BSP Professional Books,
1987.
[28] IAEE Committee on Non-Engineered Construction, Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant
Non-Engineered Construction, The International Association for Earthquake
Engineering, 1986.
[29] CIB/W-73, “Small Buildings and Community Development.” Proceedings,
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[30] Boen, T., Manual Bangunan Tahan Gempa (Rumah Tinggal), 1978.
[31] National Science Foundation, Earthquake Resistant Masonry Construction: National
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[32] Sharma, S.K. dan Kaul, B.K., A Text Book of Building Construction, S. Chand dan Co.
(Pvt) Ltd., 1976.
[33] Fintel, Mark, Handbook of Concrete Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974.
[34] Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, Pitman Publishing, 1973.
[35] Sahlin, Sven, Structural Masonry, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971.
[36] Unesco, Reinforced Concrete, an International Manual, Butterworths, 1971.
[37] Boen, T., Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Bangunan Tahan Gempa, 1969.
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[39] Rooseno, Beton Tulang, Pembangunan Djakarta, 1954.

WORLD SEISMIC SAFETY INITIATIVE

TEDDY BOEN

29