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A.NOMENCLATURE OF PARAMETERS
1. Soil resistivity
14.Maximum grid current that flows between ground grid and surrounding
17.Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors
18.Spacing factor for mesh voltage
33.Decrement Factor
B. INPUT PARAMETERS
8. Number of electrodes Nr = 0
6. K0 = ( 1 / ar ) - Tr K0 = 605
(as per Table-1)
7. Resistivity of conductor at reference temperature rr = 15.9
(as per Table-1)
8. Specific heat of material SH = 0.114
(To be used when table does not have TCAP value)
9. Density of material SW = 7.86
(To be used when table does not have TCAP value)
10.Thermal capacity per unit volume TCAP = 3.28
(Table 1-Material Constant for Steel-1020) (page 42)
11.Current for sizing of earth mat conductor (for tc=1 Sec) l = 31.5
1
= 31.5 x 3.28 x 10 -4 605
( ) ln (
1 x 0.0016 x 15.9 605
= 256.23 mm2
As per CBIP "manual on Substation" publication number 223 and revisions thereof, corrosion
allowance is recommended as per following rule
· In case of conductor to be laid in soil having soil resistivity greater than 100
· In case of conductor to be laid in soil having soil resistivity from 25 to 100
= 294.66 mm²
Cs 1 - r / rs
= 1 - a [ ]
2 x hs + a
1 - 50 / 3000
= 1 - 0.09 x [ ]
2 x 0.1 + 0.09
= 0.695
Following equation can be used to compute the tolerable touch and step voltages respectively
= 478.79 V
= 1567.2 V
E. MAIN MAT CONFIGURATION
i) Area of 66 KV switchyard = 0 sq m 1
L1 = 0 m 2
W1 = 0 m 3
.
ii) Area of 66 KV switchyard = 0 sq m .
L2 = 0 m .
W2 = 0 m .
LC = ( L x NL + W x NW
= ( 0.0 x 0 + 0.0 x 0 )
= 0 m
LR = ( Nr x Lr )
= ( 0 x 3 )
= 0 m
LT = ( LC ) + ( LR )
= ( 0 ) + ( 0 )
= 0 m
1 1 1
Rg = r x [ + x (1 + ) ]
LT Ö 20 x A 1 + h x Ö 20 / A
1 1
= 50 x [ + x ( 1+
0 Ö 20 x 0 1 + 0.6
= #DIV/0! W### 1 W
= 18900 Amp
= ### x 18900
= #DIV/0! V
I. CALCULATION OF ATTAINABLE STEP AND TOUCH VOLTAGE
Kh = Ö 1 + h / h0
Where,
h0 = 1 m
Kh = Ö 1 + ( 0.6 / 1 )
= 1.265
Geometric factor
= 2 x 0
0
= #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0!
n = #DIV/0! x #DIV/0! x 1 x 1
= #DIV/0!
Now,
= r x l G x Km x Ki (Formula-80 page 91)
Em
LM
and
Kii = 1.0000 ( Corrective Weighting Factor; Clause No. 16.5.1 if IEEE-80 200
(Formula-82 page 93 for grids with ground rods along the perime
ground rods in the grid corners, as well as both )
= 1 x ln D² + ( D + 2 x h )² - h + Kii ln
Km [ [ ]
2x p 16 x h x d 8x D x d 4x d Kh
= 1 x ln 0 2 + ( 5.5 + 2 x 0.6 ) 2
[ [
2x p 16 x 0.6 x 0.04 8 x 5.5 x 0.04
= #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0!
Lr (Formula-91 pa
LM = LC + [ 1.55 + 1.22 x ( ) ] x LR
Ö Lx² + Ly²
3
= 0 + [ 1.55 + 1.22 x (
Ö 0 2+ 0 2
= #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! V
1 1 1 1
n -
2 (Formula-94 pa
KS = x [ + + x ( 1 - 0.5 ) ]
p 2 xh D + h D
1 1 1 1
= x [ + + x ( 1 - 0.5
p 2 x 0.6 0 + 0.6 0
= #DIV/0!
= 0.75 x 0 + 0.85 x 0
= 0
= #DIV/0! V
J. SAFETY CHECK
For the safe earthing design, attainable step & touch voltaes should be less than the tolerable
respectively,
Attainable Tolerable
The attainable touch as well as step voltages is well below the tolerable limit.
Also the value of Grid Resistance is less than 1Ω .
Hence the design is safe for Mtr. Spacing of main conductor.
NG
RS
r W-m
rs W-m
lf A
A m²
Cs
d m
D m
Em V
Es V
Estep50 V
Etouch50 V
h m
hs m
IG A
Kh
Ki
Kii
Km
Ks
Lc m
LM m
LP m
LR m
Lr m
LS m
LT m
L = Lx m
W = Ly m
Nr
Rg W
ts s
Df
Sf
ARTHING
31500 A
31500 A
1 s
1 s
3000 W-m
0.1 m
50 W-m
0.6 m
3 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0 m
0.04 m
0.0 m
OR
Mild steel
20 °C
0.00160 per °C
1510 °C
50 °C
605 °C
15.9 mW-cm
0.114 Cal/gm/°C
7.86 gm/cc
3.28 J/cm³/°C
31.5 kA
50 W-m
+ 1510
)
+ 50
reof, corrosion
W-m - 30 % allowance
es respectively
L
ANCE
1
) ]
0.6 x Ö 20 / 0
RRENT(Ig)
SE (GPR)
UCH VOLTAGE
- 0.6
]+
0.04 4 x 0.04
) ]x 0
### -
2
0.5 ) ]
mula-93 page 94)