Documenti di Didattica
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ISSN 2278- 4136
ZDB-Number: 2668735-5
IC Journal No: 8192
Volume 1 Issue 3
Online Available at www.phytojournal.com
Tannins are obtained upon the decomposition of vegetation. They will generally be found in surface water supplies
or shallow wells. Although these compounds are not a health risk, they are aesthetically displeasing. Tannins are
difficult to remove from water. Tannins can cause a yellow to brown cast in water and may also affect a taste and
odour.
Keyword: Tannins, Astringent, Phenol, Tea, Wine
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Praveen Kumar Ashok
used as refining materials to precipitate proteins In order to counter these problems, it is advised
in wines and beer. As tannins often lower the that one should take tea or coffee between meals
absorption of some materials into the body, and not consecutively. In addition, adding milk or
tannins are also often known as anti-nutrients. For lemon juice to the tea helps in reducing or
example, tannins are found in tea and coffee and neutralizing tannins’ adverse actions on iron
consuming too much of these beverages without intake. Similarly, consuming food that is rich in
milk may lead to calcium and iron deficiency in vitamin C also helps in neutralizing tannin’s
the body and often lead to osteoporosis effects on iron absorption[5].
and anemia[4].
Table1: Tannins can be classified into three broad groups – hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and Pseudotannins.
Base Unit:
Flavone Phloroglucinol
Gallic Acid
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Praveen Kumar Ashok
of these tissues. They are also found in the • Root tissues - most common in the
heartwood of conifers and may play a role in hypodermis (just below the epidermis).
inhibiting microbial activity, thus resulting in the They probably act as a chemical barrier to
natural durability of the wood[11]. Tannins can penetration and colonization of roots by
cause a yellow to brown cast in water and may plant pathogens.
also impart a taste and odor. They will generally • Seed tissues - located mainly in a layer
be found in surface water supplies or shallow between the outer integument and the
wells. Although these compounds are not a health aleuronic layer. They have been associated
risk, they are aesthetically displeasing. It present, with the maintenance of plant dormancy,
tannins are difficult to remove from water. and have allopathic and bactericidal
Tannins can be removed by various methods. One properties.
treatment method may be effective in one area, • Stem tissues - often found in the active
but may be very ineffective 10 miles down the growth areas of the trees, such as the
road. It is all dependent on the vegetation in a secondary phloem and xylem and the layer
given area. Styrene based macroporous anion between epidermis and cortex. Tannins
resin has long been used to remove tannins from may have a role in the growth regulation
water. This type of resin has worked well in some of these tissues. They are also found in the
areas but poorly in others. More recently, acrylic heartwood of conifers and may be
based resins have emerged on the market and are contribute to the natural durability of wood
producing better results when removing tannins by inhibiting microbial activity[13].
from water. The acrylics can also be
manufactured with a macroporous structure. The 1.3 Hydrolyzable Tannins:
additional porosity enables the tannins to be At the center of a hydrolyzable tannin molecule,
regenerated from the resin more effectively[12]. there is a carbohydrate (usually D-glucose). The
hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate are partially
Location of the tannins in various plant tissues: or totally esterified with phenolic groups such as
• Bud tissues - most common in the outer gallic acid (in gallotannins) or ellagic acid (in
part of the bud, probably as protection ellagitannins). Hydrolyzable tannins are
against freezing hydrolyzed by weak acids or weak bases to
• Leaf tissues - most common in the upper produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids.
epidermis. However, in evergreen plants, Examples of gallotannins are the gallic acid esters
tannins are evenly distributed in all leaf of glucose in tannic acid (C76H52O46), found in
tissues. They serve to reduce palatability the leaves and bark of many plant species.
and, thus, protect against predators.
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Praveen Kumar Ashok
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Praveen Kumar Ashok
along with other factors. The more bitter, the poliovirus, herpes simplex virus, and various
more tannins, less bitter, the less tannins. enteric viruses are inactivated[24].
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Praveen Kumar Ashok
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