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B+C>1/2 Perimeter
1 EVACUATION
2 PASSIVE CONTAINMENT
3 ACTIVE INTERVENTION
40000m2 / flr
UBBL 138(d)
Compartment floor
Shop compartment limit 4,000m2 14,000m3
Compartment B
No limits if
Compartment A At least 60% area are shops Compartment C
Less than 280m2 each
Basement compartment volume limit 42,000m2
Compartment D Compartment A
Compartment B
Compartment C
Exits Considerations
UBBL
• 165 – measurements of travel distance
• 166 – minimum 2 separate exits
• 167 – storey exits
• 171 – horizontal exit
• 174 – storey exit to lead to final exit
• 7th Schedule
• 7th Schedule
Maximum Travel Distance Occupant load capacity of exits
Dead End / w Sprinklers ( e.g Stair )
Travel distance
Final exit
horizontal exit
Final exit
Exit capacity calculation : Hotel
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
• Occupant load : 2 pax X 40 rooms = 80 pax / floor (By law
175)
• Capacity of Exits : 45 per unit (By law 176 ,7th schedule),
• Exit width required : 80/45 =1.77, say 1.8 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
• Total exit width required : 1.8 X 550mm = 990mm (By law 176, 7th schedule)
round up to 2 full units (By law 177,181)
therefore, 2 X 550mm = 1100mm
• ‘redundancy’ calculation : Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
2-1 = 1, therefore min exit width = 1100mm
Exit capacity calculation : Office
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
• Occupant load : Gross floor area = 1800m2, 10 m2/pax,
therefore 1800/10 = 180 pax/floor
• Capacity of Exits : 60 per unit (By law 176, 7th schedule),
• Exit width required : 180/60 = 3 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
• Total exit width required : 3 X 550mm = 1650mm (By law 176,7th Sch
• ‘redundancy’ calculation : Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
2-1 = 1, therefore the min exit width = 1650mm
Exit capacity calculation : Shopping Podium
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
Gross floor area = 40 000 – 4000 (Atrium) = 36
• Occupant load : 000m2, 6m2 / pax, therefore = 36 000 / 6 = 6000
pax / floor
• Capacity of Exits : 60 per unit (By law 176, 7th schedule),
• Exit width required : 6000 / 60 = 100 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
• Total exit width required : 100 X 550mm = 55 000mm (By law 176,7th schedule)
• ‘redundancy’ calculation :
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
14-1 = 13,
therefore the min exit width = 55 000mm/13 =
4200mm
Exit capacity calculation : Basement carpark
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
Gross floor area = 40 000, assume 2 pax/car and
• Occupant load :
40m2/car, therefore 40 000/40 = 1000 car or 2000
pax/floor
• Capacity of Exits : Compare 2000 to 6000 (shopping),
• Exit width required : factor reduction = 1/3
• Total exit width required : 55 000 / 3 = 18300 mm (By law 176, 7th schedule)
• ‘redundancy’ calculation :
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
14-1 = 13,
therefore the min exit width = 18 300mm / 13 =
1400mm
storey exit
400 pax
400 pax
400 pax
horizontal exit
300 pax 400 pax
200 pax
Final exit
400 pax
Exit route to discharge Exit route to discharge
direct to final exit direct to final exit
Basement
Travel distance
• UBBL 165
• 7th Schedule
• Dead end
• initial travel distance before a point where an alternative path
becomes available
• Direct distance
• Stipulates that travel distance must be measured along the actual
path of travel
• Open plan
• Where an actual path of travel cannot be determined, the direct
distance can be measured as a straight line direct to the exit.
Permitted travel distance is then reduced to 2/3.
Protection of stairs and lobbies
UBBL
• 196, 197 - smoke lobbies, protected
lobbies
• 198, 199, 200, 201 – ventilation of stairs
• 229 – fire fighting lobbies
Protection of stairs and lobbies
> 45o
UBBL 229
60m
UBBL Clause 140
Volume of building > 112,000m3 hence, island site