COURSE TITLE : BUILDING MATERIAL

COURSE TITLE : BUILDING MATERIAL

COURSE CODE : ARC106
WEEK NO : NA
UNIT NO : 02
LECTURE : MODULAR UNITS
COURSE INSTRUCTOR : Ar. SIDDHARTHA
UID : 23312
INTRODUCTION:-

A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in
masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed
of clay, but it is now used to denote any rectangular modern units laid in mortar.

1) Common Burnt Clay/Mud Bricks :-

5/- Rupees per piece

2) Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks) :-

4.5/- Rupees per piece

3) Engineering Bricks :-
10/- Rupees per piece

4) Concrete Bricks :-
30/- Rupees per piece
INTRODUCTION:-

5) Fly ash Bricks :-

5/- Rupees per piece

6) Fire Bricks :-
20/- to 150/- Rupees per piece

7) Autoclaved aerated Concrete blocks (AAC Block) :-

70/- Rupees per piece

8) Hollow Bricks (Clay/Concrete) :-

9) CLC blocks (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) :-

INTRODUCTION:-

1) COMMON BURNT CLAY/MUD BRICKS :-

• Common burnt clay bricks are formed by pressing in molds.
• Then these bricks are dried and fired in a kiln.
• Common burnt clay bricks are used in general work with no special
attractive appearances.
• When these bricks are used in walls, they require plastering or rendering.
INTRODUCTION:-

2) SAND LIME BRICKS (CALCIUM SILICATE BRICKS) :-

• Calcium silicate bricks are made of sand and lime and popularly known as
sand lime bricks.
• These bricks are used for several purposes in construction industries such
as ornamental works in buildings, masonry works etc.
• In India, these bricks are widely used in Kerala state and its usage is
regularly growing.
Raw Materials :- Silica sand, quick lime and water.
INTRODUCTION:-

SAND :-
• Calcium silicate bricks contains high amount of sand is about 88 – 92%.
• These bricks characteristic depends upon the quality of sand in used.

LIME :-
• Lime content in calcium silicate bricks varies from 8 to 12%.
• The lime used shall be of good quality and high calcium lime.

WATER :-
• Clean water should be used for preparing calcium silicate bricks.
• Sea water or water containing soluble salts or organic matter more than
0.25% are not suitable

PIGMENT :-
• Pigments are generally used to give color to the bricks. They are added to
the sand and lime while mixing.
• Total weight of brick contains 0.2 to 3 % of pigment quantity.
INTRODUCTION:-

3) ENGINEERING BRICKS :-
• Engineering bricks are specified for their physical characteristics and not
their appearance.
• They have high compressive strength and low water absorption and are
classified only by these properties
• Engineering bricks are specifically made to improve the technical and
structural performance of a wall or building.
• They are more useful from a practical point of view rather than to improve
facade of a building.

CLASSES OF ENGINEERING BRICKS :-

• Class A - Engineering bricks have a compressive strength greater than
125N/mm² and water absorption less than 4.5%.
• Class B - Engineering bricks have a compressive strength greater than
75N/mm² and water absorption less than 7%.
INTRODUCTION:-

ENGINEERING BRICKS
INTRODUCTION:-

4) CONCRETE BRICKS:-
• High compressive strength,
• resistance to weathering,
• impact and abrasion
• Capability of being molded into components of any shape and size
• Good fire resistance up to about 400°C
• Rapid construction
• Very good stability

Raw Materials :-
• Mixture of powdered Portland cement, water, sand, and gravel.

Full Length: 400mm

Half blocks: 200mm
Height: 20mm
Width: 80/100/150/200mm
INTRODUCTION:-

CONCRETE BRICK WALL

INTRODUCTION:-

5) FLY ASH BRICKS :-

• Fly ash brick is a product of basic cement clinker materials Fly Ash, stone
dust/sand, lime, gypsum and bonding agent.
• The mix is so ideally worked out to produce bricks of higher strength with
consistency as well as uniformity.
• In modern content, fly ash bricks are very well accepted by the organized
sectors in heavy industries, high rise buildings, large townships, colonies, etc.
• The utilization of fly ash bricks results in conservation of natural resources as
well as protection of environment.

a) ADVANTAGES :
• Higher Compressive strength as compared to any conventional bricks
• Lower water absorption as compared to conventional bricks.
• Higher resistance to Salinity & water seepage.
• No salt-pitting tendencies / No efflorescence.
INTRODUCTION:-

b) AESTHETIC APPEAL :-
• Smooth surfaces and uniform sizes
• Thinner masonry joints with higher uniformity.
• Higher acceptability for exposed brick masonry work

c) ECONOMY EFFECT:-
• Lesser nos. of bricks consumption because of regular full sizes.
• Wastage component lower at site.
• Lesser cement mortar consumption because of thinner joints.
• Saving on plastering due to lesser plaster thickness
• Almost 30% lower cost per unit of construction

d) COMPOSITION OF FLY ASH BRICKS :-

• Fly ash
• Cement
• Sand
• Water
 INTRODUCTION:-

Size:[6"] :- 230 x 150 x 80 mm, 230 x 150 x ( Up to 100 mm )

Size:[4"] :- 230 x 110 x 75 mm, 230 x 110 x 100 mm Can be
FLY ASH BRICKS
INTRODUCTION:-

5) FIRE BRICKS :-
• A fire brick or refractory brick is a block of refractory ceramic material used in
lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces.
• A refractory brick is built primarily to withstand high temperature, but will
also usually have a low thermal conductivity for greater energy efficiency.

High Alumina Fire Brick

Size - 9”x4”x3”/ 9”x3”x2”/ 12”x4”x2”
Price – 70 to 85 rupees per block
FIRE BRICKS
INTRODUCTION:-

7) AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS (AAC BLOCK)

• Autoclaved Aerated Concrete is a Lightweight, Load-bearing, High-insulating,
Durable building product, which is produced in a wide range of sizes and
strengths.
• AAC Blocks is lightweight and compare to the red bricks AAC blocks are three
times lighter.

Size – 600x200x75/100/150/300 mm
INTRODUCTION:-
AAC BLOCK ADVANTAGES :-
• These are the light-weight AAC block .
• High load bearing capacity .
• Size of AAC block (600 mm x 200 mm x 150 mm) equal to the eight Red Brick
of size (190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm) .
• Weight is equal to the around 14 kg and the Red clay brick is about 36 kg for
the same volume .
• Faster construction than the red clay brick .Less moisture absorption than the
clay brick .
• Sound proof .
• High Compressive Strength than the Red Clay Brick .
• Water Resistance .
• Easy to cut and other operation Bond thickness between two block are less as
compares to the clay brick work.
INTRODUCTION:-

8) HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS :-

• Is a large rectangular brick used in construction.
• Hollow concrete blocks contains void area greater than 25% of gross area.
Solid area of hollow bricks should be more than 50%.
• They are manufactured from lightweight aggregates. They are light weight
blocks and easy to install.

TYPES OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS :-

• Stretcher block
• Corner block
• Pillar block
• Jamb block
• Partition block
• Lintel block
• Frogged brick block
• Bull nose block
INTRODUCTION:-

1) CONCRETE STRETCHER BLOCKS :-

• Concrete stretcher blocks are used to join the
corner in the masonry.
• Stretcher blocks are widely used concrete hollow
blocks in construction.
• They are laid with their length parallel to the face
of the wall.

2) CONCRETE CORNER BLOCKS :-

• Corner blocks are used at the ends or corners of

masonry.
• The ends may be window or door openings etc.
• They are arranged in a manner that their plane end
visible to the outside and other end is locked with
the stretcher block.
INTRODUCTION:-

3) CONCRETE PILLAR BLOCKS :-

• Pillar block is also called as double corner block.

• These are used when two ends of the corner are
visible. In case of piers or pillars these blocks are
widely used.

4) PARTITION CONCRETE BLOCKS :-

• Partition concrete blocks are generally

used to build partition walls.
• Partition blocks have larger height than
its breadth.
INTRODUCTION:-

9) HOLLOW CLAY BLOCKS :-

• These Clay Bricks are used for Non-Load Bearing partition walls or infill
masonry.
• Unique features - 60% less weight than a solid concrete block.
• These blocks have large size & low weight.
• These blocks have excellent thermal insulation.
• Water absorption ~15%. Which results in reduction of dead loads, Saving on
structural costs and Faster construction.

Weight of hollow bricks

16 x 4 x 8 (Inches) ~ 06.4 Kg
16 x 6 x 8 (Inches) ~ 08.9 Kg
16 x 8 x 8 (Inches) ~ 11.2 Kg

CLAY HOLLOW BLOCK /PERFORATED CLAY BLOCKS