Testing 110S Temperature Sensor Instructions

RENEWABLE NRG SYSTEMS
Characterization and Classification of the NRG Class 1
Anemometer for IEC 61400‐12‐1 Compliance

Renewable NRG Systems | 110 Riggs Road | Hinesburg, VT 05461 | www.renewableNRGsystems.com
5/10/2012

Characterization and Classification of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer for IEC 61400‐12‐1 Compliance
I. Abstract

Under the guidance of Troels Pedersen of DTU Wind Energy Department (formerly RISO National
Laboratory), Renewable NRG Systems has characterized and classified the NRG Class 1 Anemometer, a
ball bearing version of the NRG #40C Anemometer, according to the guidelines documented in the DTU
Wind Energy Department’s Accuwind reports and the IEC 61400‐12‐1 Standard for Power performance
measurements of electricity producing wind turbines. Following the Accuwind method and the IEC
61400‐12‐1 Standard, the Classification Indices of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer are 1.01A and 8.44B, as
summarized in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Summary of Classification Indices for NRG Class 1 Anemometers
NRG Class 1 Anemometer S/N Class A Index Class B Index

S/N 047 1.07 8.07
S/N 066 0.948 8.80
Average Value 1.01 8.44

This white paper documents the results and supporting work to characterize and classify the NRG Class 1
Anemometer according to the guidelines documented in the DTU Wind Energy Department’s Accuwind
reports and the IEC 61400‐12‐1 Standard.

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Table of Contents
I. Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 2
II. Overview of the Anemometer Classification .................................................................................... 4
III. Measured NRG Class 1 Anemometer Input Data .......................................................................... 5
Wind Tunnel Calibration ....................................................................................................................... 5
Angular or Off‐Axis Response ............................................................................................................... 5
Friction .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Torque ................................................................................................................................................... 9
IV. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 9
V. References ...................................................................................................................................... 12
VI. Attachments ................................................................................................................................ 13
Letter certifying classification of NRG Class 1 Anemometer .............................................................. 13
NRGBBO‐047.cup Input File ................................................................................................................ 14
NRGBBO‐066.cup Input File ................................................................................................................ 17

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II. Overview of the Anemometer Classification

Anemometer classification is comprised of three (3) main steps:
1. Quantifying the anemometer error subject to influence parameters including dynamic effects
(due to wind turbulence), off‐axis (non‐horizontal) wind, and bearing friction effects. The
method for quantifying anemometer error is based on the Tilt‐Response & Torque‐Coefficient
(TRTC) model described in the DTU Wind Energy Department’s Accuwind report (J.‐Å. Dahlberg,
May 2006). The influence parameters and ranges are summarized in Table 2 below.
2. Classifying the anemometer by assigning an index (k) that bounds the maximum anemometer
error. The index is quantified using the following equation:
ε
k 100 ⋅ max
U
5 m/s
2
where k is the Classification Index, is the anemometer error in wind speed bin i, is the
wind speed in bin i. The denominator in the above equation is the deviation envelope. So a
Classification Index is assigned to an anemometer that bounds its maximum wind speed
deviation subject to the stated influence parameters.
3. Classifying at least two (2) anemometers to determine the overall Classification Index of the
anemometer per IEC 61400‐12‐1 (IEC 61400‐12‐1 Power performance measurements of
electricity producing wind turbines). IEC 61400‐12‐1 Annex I states “At least two examples of a
type of anemometer shall be assessed” for the classification of anemometry. Averaging the
results of the two (2) classifications is an acceptable method for determining the overall
anemometer Classification Indices.

Anemometer dynamics, off‐axis response, and bearing friction are measured under laboratory‐
controlled conditions (see Section entitled Measured NRG Class 1 Anemometer Input Data for details).
These measurements are physical inputs into the TRTC anemometer model which quantifies and bounds
the error of the anemometer, subject to the influence parameters. The operational range of the
influence parameters are summarized in Table 2. “Class A” corresponds to flat terrain sites; “Class B”
corresponds to complex terrain sites.

To meet the requirements of IEC 61400‐12‐1, two (2) NRG Class 1 Anemometers (S/N 047 and S/N 066)
were characterized to determine the overall anemometer classification through averaging.

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Table 2 Class A and B Operational Ranges
Class A Class B
Classification
Ideal flat terrain sites Non‐ideal complex terrain sites
Category
Min Max Min Max
Wind speed range 4 16 4 16
(m/s)
Turbulence Intensity 0.03 0.12 + 0.48/V 0.03 0.12 + 0.96/V
Turbulence Structure 1/0.8/0.5 1/1/1
/ / Non‐isotropic turbulence Isotropic turbulence
Kaimal wind spectrum with a Von Karman wind spectrum with a
longitudinal turbulence scale of longitudinal turbulence length scale of
350m 170m
Air Temperature (°C) 0 40 ‐10 40
Air Density (kg/m3) 0.9 1.35 0.9 1.35
Average flow
‐3 3 ‐15 15
inclination (°)

III. Measured NRG Class 1 Anemometer Input Data

Numerical values of all input data obtained from laboratory tests are included in the NRGBBO‐047.cup
and NRGBBO‐066.cup input files (see attachments). The first five lines of the input file contain
anemometer property data (cup radius, area, and moment of inertia) as well as calibration slope and
offset. After line five, the input file includes three distinct blocks of measured data: torque, friction, and
off‐axis response. Data measured on two (2) NRG Class 1 Anemometers (S/N 047 and S/N 066) was
used to classify the anemometer. Each of the measured input data is described below.
Wind Tunnel Calibration

The two (2) NRG Class 1 Anemometers were calibrated in Svend Ole Hansen’s (SOH) Measnet‐
certified wind tunnel. Calibrations followed the protocol outlined in IEC 61400‐12‐1, Annex F. The
calibration values for the two (2) anemometers are reported in Table 3 below.

Table 3 Summary of Calibration Values
NRG Class 1 Anemometer Slope Offset

S/N 047 0.76572 0.19924
S/N 066 0.76645 0.20439

Angular or Off‐Axis Response

Off‐axis response of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers was measured in the Svend Ole Hansen (SOH)
Measnet‐certified wind tunnel. Off‐axis response measurements were taken statically, and not with
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a constant sweep rate, which results in more accurate measurements. Throughout the off‐axis
response test, a minimum clearance distance of 0.55m is maintained between the anemometer
head and any tunnel walls, ensuring reduced uncertainty in the measurements.

Off‐axis response of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers was measured at 7, 10, and 13 m/s, subjected to
tilt angles ranging from ‐30 to +30 degrees. A negative tilt angle indicates wind from above; a
positive tilt angle indicates wind from below. The off‐axis responses for the anemometers (S/N 047
and S/N 066) are plotted in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Figure 1 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (SN‐047) Tilt Response
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Figure 2 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (SN‐066) Tilt Response
Friction

The friction of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers was measured using an NRG‐built flywheel
decelerator, in accordance with Section 3.6 of the RISO‐R‐1556 report. The polynomial curve fits of
the measured friction data of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers over a temperature range of ‐30°F to
+40°F are plotted in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

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Figure 3 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 047) Friction Data

Figure 4 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 066) Friction Data

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Torque

Measured torque data includes frictional torque plus aerodynamic torque, the latter being the
dominant source of torque. Torque data measured on the Rulon bearing NRG #40C anemometer
was utilized for the NRG Class 1 Anemometer due to constraints in adjusting the torque data set.
Specifically, it was not possible to subtract out the frictional torque from the original DTU Wind
Energy Department’s torque data of the NRG #40C Anemometer and subsequently add‐in the
frictional torque of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer.

The NRG Class 1 Anemometer employs the identical head as the NRG #40C Anemometer. As such, it
is anticipated that the total torque of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer will be close to that of the NRG
#40C Anemometer, since the aerodynamic torque dominates the total torque and aerodynamic
torque is governed by the anemometer head. The approach of using the NRG #40C torque data for
the NRG Class 1 Anemometer is conservative because the NRG Class 1 Anemometer possesses less
frictional torque than the NRG #40C. Accounting for the difference in frictional torque would result
in a small but improved classification index.

IV. Results

Using the measured anemometer data as inputs, AnemCq6.exe, an executable Fortran code supplied by
Troels Pedersen of DTU Wind Energy Department, was used to quantify the bounded errors and
associated Classification Indices of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer. This is the same program that was
used in the Accuwind study.

The bounded errors and associated Classification Indices of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers (S/N 047 and
S/N 066) are shown in Figure 5 through Figure 8. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the bounded errors and
Classification Indices of the NRG Class 1 Anemometers subject to the Class A operational range of
influence parameters. Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the bounded errors and Classification Indices of the
NRG Class 1 Anemometers subject to the Class B operational range of influence parameters.

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Figure 5 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 047) Maximum Deviations Class A

Figure 6 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 066) Maximum Deviations Class A
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Figure 7 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 047) Maximum Deviations Class B

Figure 8 NRG Class 1 Anemometer (S/N 066) Maximum Deviations Class B
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Per IEC 61400‐12‐1, Annex I of the Standard states, “At least two examples of a type of anemometer
shall be assessed” for the classification of anemometry. In compliance with this requirement, two (2)
NRG Class 1 Anemometers (S/N 047 and S/N 066) were characterized to determine the anemometer
classification. The Classification Indices of two (2) NRG Class 1 Anemometers (S/N 047 and S/N 066) are
reported in Table 4. The average Classification Indices of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer are 1.01A and
8.44B.

Table 4 Summary of Classification Indices for NRG Class 1 Anemometers
NRG Class 1 Anemometer S/N Class A Index Class B Index

S/N 047 1.07 8.07
S/N 066 0.948 8.80
Average Value 1.01 8.44

Troels Pedersen’s letter certifying the classification of the NRG Class 1 Anemometer is included in the
attachments.
V. References

IEC 61400‐12‐1 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines. Geneva:
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
J.‐Å. Dahlberg, T. P. (May 2006). ACCUWIND ‐Methods for Classification of Cup Anemometers (Risø‐R‐
1555(EN)). Denmark: DTU Wind Energy Dept (formerly RISO National Laboratory).
Pedersen, T. (2012, May). AnemCq6.exe: Fortran code used to calculate the Classification Index.
Denmark.
T.F. Pedersen, J.‐Å. D. (May 2006). ACCUWIND ‐Classification of Five Cup Anemometers According to
IEC61400‐12‐1 (Risø‐R‐1556(EN)). Denmark: DTU Wind Energy Dept (formerly RISO National Laboratory).

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VI. Attachments

Letter certifying classification of NRG Class 1 Anemometer

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NRGBBO‐047.cup Input File

NRG BBO 40 Cup anemometer name ACCUWIND
0.070 0.00200 0.000101 2 R Area I N(pulses/rev)
0.76572 0.19924 31.5 1.16 Acal Bcal (U=Acal*f+Bcal) Tcal Denscal
0.1375 Ut
2 Cup model (1 CqPol(Npol+alamQA0+pol‐coeff) 2 CqTable(Ndata+lambda ver. Cq‐coeff)
19 ‐0.0014 Ncq LamCorr (model 2) (added lambda0 value at zero torque)

0.2195846 0.4131825
0.2258573 0.383902
0.2336324 0.3334675
0.2431028 0.2781659
0.2545438 0.2032274
0.2662563 0.1249963
0.2788921 0.0342945
0.284611 0.0000000
0.2851037 ‐0.0029559
0.2919326 ‐0.0369015
0.3060246 ‐0.1173289
0.3229471 ‐0.2371572
0.343841 ‐0.3867344
0.3677941 ‐0.5398267
0.3986888 ‐0.7445405
0.4362507 ‐1.0651025
0.4839353 ‐1.3742118
0.5400939 ‐1.7541968
0.5898678 ‐2.1130812
8 Ntemp No of temperatures
‐30 0.3440E‐04 0.0191E‐04 ‐0.0001E‐04
‐20 0.2670E‐04 0.0133E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
‐10 0.2219E‐04 0.0080E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
0 0.1985E‐04 0.0055E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
10 0.1896E‐04 0.0034E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
20 0.1824E‐04 0.0024E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
30 0.1698E‐04 0.0018E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
40 0.1622E‐04 0.0014E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
27 7 SOH tilt data, Nalfa Valfa
‐30.138 1.069
‐26.153 1.045
‐22.144 1.019
‐18.121 0.992
‐14.097 0.98
‐10.087 0.982
‐6.071 0.989
‐4.033 0.991
‐3.044 0.994
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‐2.027 0.997
‐1.014 0.997
‐0.016 0.999
‐0.013 1
‐0.009 0.999
‐0.002 1.001
0.018 1.001
1.024 1.001
2.02 1.003
3.031 1.005
4.048 1.004
6.054 1.001
10.099 0.99
14.142 0.991
18.168 1.008
22.187 1.043
26.209 1.06
30.144 1.043
27 10 Nalfa Valfa
‐30.138 1.072
‐26.153 1.049
‐22.144 1.022
‐18.121 0.994
‐14.097 0.979
‐10.087 0.98
‐6.071 0.988
‐4.033 0.991
‐3.044 0.993
‐2.027 0.997
‐1.014 0.998
‐0.016 0.999
‐0.013 1
‐0.009 1
‐0.002 1.001
0.018 1.001
1.024 1.001
2.02 1.004
3.031 1.005
4.048 1.005
6.054 1.002
10.099 0.99
14.142 0.992
18.168 1.006
22.187 1.037
26.209 1.055
30.144 1.042
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27 13 Nalfa Valfa

‐30.138 1.074
‐26.153 1.051
‐22.144 1.023
‐18.121 0.996
‐14.097 0.978
‐10.087 0.98
‐6.071 0.987
‐4.033 0.991
‐3.044 0.992
‐2.027 0.996
‐1.014 0.999
‐0.016 0.999
‐0.013 0.999
‐0.009 1
‐0.002 1.001
0.018 1.001
1.024 1.002
2.02 1.005
3.031 1.006
4.048 1.006
6.054 1.002
10.099 0.991
14.142 0.993
18.168 1.005
22.187 1.034
26.209 1.053
30.144 1.042

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NRGBBO‐066.cup Input File

NRG BBO 40 Cup anemometer name ACCUWIND
0.070 0.00200 0.000101 2 R Area I N(pulses/rev)
0.76645 0.20439 31.7 1.16 Acal Bcal (U=Acal*f+Bcal) Tcal Denscal
0.15 Ut
2 Cup model (1 CqPol(Npol+alamQA0+pol‐coeff) 2 CqTable(Ndata+lambda ver. Cq‐coeff)
19 ‐0.001 Ncq LamCorr (model 2) (added lambda0 value at zero torque)

0.2195846 0.4131825
0.2258573 0.383902
0.2336324 0.3334675
0.2431028 0.2781659
0.2545438 0.2032274
0.2662563 0.1249963
0.2788921 0.0342945
0.284611 0.0000000
0.2851037 ‐0.0029559
0.2919326 ‐0.0369015
0.3060246 ‐0.1173289
0.3229471 ‐0.2371572
0.343841 ‐0.3867344
0.3677941 ‐0.5398267
0.3986888 ‐0.7445405
0.4362507 ‐1.0651025
0.4839353 ‐1.3742118
0.5400939 ‐1.7541968
0.5898678 ‐2.1130812
8 Ntemp No of temperatures
‐30 0.3445E‐04 0.0154E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
‐20 0.3011E‐04 0.0084E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
‐10 0.2637E‐04 0.0051E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
0 0.2400E‐04 0.0034E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
10 0.2219E‐04 0.0023E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
20 0.2081E‐04 0.0019E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
30 0.2000E‐04 0.0015E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
40 0.1919E‐04 0.0011E‐04 ‐0.0000E‐04
27 7 SOH Tilt Data Nalfa Valfa
‐30.148 1.079
‐26.154 1.053
‐22.13 1.023
‐18.108 0.996
‐14.088 0.982
‐10.085 0.982
‐6.071 0.991
‐4.041 0.995
‐3.044 0.997
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‐2.032 0.998
‐1.012 0.998
‐0.009 1
‐0.006 0.999
‐0.005 1
0.002 1
0.005 1
1.02 1.002
2.018 1.003
3.013 1.004
4.031 1.004
6.059 1.001
10.09 0.99
14.133 0.994
18.169 1.014
22.166 1.054
26.176 1.073
30.125 1.06
27 10
‐30.148 1.083
‐26.154 1.057
‐22.13 1.028
‐18.108 0.998
‐14.088 0.981
‐10.085 0.982
‐6.071 0.989
‐4.041 0.994
‐3.044 0.996
‐2.032 0.997
‐1.012 0.998
‐0.009 1
‐0.006 1
‐0.005 1
0.002 0.999
0.005 1.001
1.02 1.002
2.018 1.004
3.013 1.005
4.031 1.005
6.059 1.002
10.09 0.992
14.133 0.993
18.169 1.011
22.166 1.049
26.176 1.071
30.125 1.067
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27 13
‐30.148 1.085
‐26.154 1.058
‐22.13 1.03
‐18.108 0.999
‐14.088 0.98
‐10.085 0.981
‐6.071 0.987
‐4.041 0.993
‐3.044 0.995
‐2.032 0.996
‐1.012 0.998
‐0.009 1
‐0.006 1
‐0.005 1.001
0.002 0.999
0.005 1.001
1.02 1.003
2.018 1.004
3.013 1.005
4.031 1.005
6.059 1.003
10.09 0.992
14.133 0.993
18.169 1.009
22.166 1.047
26.176 1.07
30.125 1.071

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RENEWABLE NRG SYSTEMS

NRG Class 1 Anemometer S/N Class A Index Class B Index

NRG Class 1 Anemometer Slope Offset

NRG Class 1 Anemometer S/N Class A Index Class B Index

19 ‐0.0014 Ncq LamCorr (model 2) (added lambda0 value at zero torque)

27 13 Nalfa Valfa

19 ‐0.001 Ncq LamCorr (model 2) (added lambda0 value at zero torque)

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