Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
Job Sheet
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
1|Page
Welcome to the Module “Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and
Electronic Circuits”. This module contains training materials and activities for you to
complete.
The unit of competency “Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic
Circuits” contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Computer Hardware
Servicing NC II course.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have:
o been working for some time
o completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a particular skill or
skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you do not have to do the
same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous
trainings show it to your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to
this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not
sure about the currency of your skills, discuss it with your teacher.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competency. Result of
your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are
designed for you to complete at your own pace.
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed by
relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
2|Page
Program/Course : Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic
Circuits
Module : Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and
Electronic Circuits
INTRODUCTION
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer Hardware
Servicing NC II. It includes the following competencies: plan and prepare for termination/
connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits, terminate/connect electrical wiring/electronic
circuits, and test termination/connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits.
It consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities
supported by each instructional sheet. Upon completion of this module, report to your teacher to
assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
LO1. Plan and prepare for termination and connection of electrical wiring and electronic circuits.
LO2. Terminate and connect electrical wiring and electronic circuits.
LO3. Test Termination and connection of electrical wiring and /electronic circuit.
REFERENCES:
1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National books Store, 1991
2. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.
Electronics Book Series
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
3. www.electronics-lab.com
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
3|Page
4. www.wikipedia.com
Voltage - The measure of the push on each electron which makes the electron
move. The term potential difference and voltage are often used
interchangeably to mean the “push”, thus, you may see the term
electromotive force (EMF) or just the word potential to describe the
electron push in certain instances.
resistance
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
4|Page
Program/ Course : Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic
Circuits
Module #3 : Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronic
Circuits
Learning Outcome 1: Plan and Prepare for Termination and Connection of Electrical
Wiring and Electronic Circuits
Assessment Criteria:
References:
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
5|Page
Direct Current and Alternating Current
Direct Current or DC is the first type of current because it was easy to produce. This type of
current always flows in one direction. One of the disadvantages of using DC is the excessive
voltage drop and power loss in the power lines in a long distance transmission. Batteries are
common sources of direct current.
Alternating Current or AC is the solution to the problem of DC. AC allows the flow of current
in two directions. Today, it is possible to step-up electricity, a power station, transmit it to
any distant place and step it down to for consumption. A transformer is the device used for
stepping-up or stepping-down AC voltage. Common sources of AC are found in our AC
outlet (Typically, 220 volts, in the Philippines).
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
6|Page
OHM’S LAW AND POWER LAW
Ohm’s law states that, for a constant current, the current in a circuit is directly
proportional to the total voltage acting in the circuit and inversely proportional to the
total resistance of the circuit.
The law may be expressed by the following equation if the current I is in amperes, EMF E is
in volts, and the resistance R is in ohms.
The relationship of the foregoing three variables was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm,
who theorized that current is in direct proportion to resistance. The relationship is
explained algebraically, using this formula: where:
E – EMF in Volts
R = E/I E = IxR I = E/R R – Resistance
I – Current in Amperes
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
7|Page
A. Practice Problems:
1.
Required…
I=?
E = 25 V
R = 25 Ω G. I
H. P
2.
Required…
I = 9A
E=?
R = 72 Ω E. E
F. P
3.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING Required…
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
I = 25 A 8|Page
E=?
P = 100W C. R
4.
Required…
I = 4.5A
E=?
P = 350 W A. E
B. R
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
9|Page
A Simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit. A simple circuit requires the following:
AC/DC source
Equipment that will operate on either an AC or DC power source
Battery – A dc voltage source containing two or more cells that convert
chemical energy to electrical energy.
Cell- Single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC electrical
voltage.
FUSE
Once you design a simple circuit on electronics, it
is important to include a fuse in the primary or
secondary of a transformer.
10 | P a g e
Wires and Cable
A wire is a single slender rod or filament of
drawn metal. This definition restricts the term
to what would ordinarily be understood as
solid wire. The word “slender” is used because
the length of a wire is usually large when
compared to its diameter. If a wire is covered
with insulation, It is an insulated wire.
Although the term “wire” properly refers to
the metal, it also includes the insulation.
A conductor is a wire suitable for carrying
an electric current.
11 | P a g e
series with one of the connecting wires of simple circuit affords a means of
controlling the current in the circuit.
Switch function
o When the switch is closed, the electron finds an interrupted path in the
circuit.
o Open is the OFF position of the switch, while closed is the ON position.
o When the switch is opened, the current delivered by the power supply is
normally insufficient to jump the switch gap in the form of an arc and the
electron flow in the circuit is blocked.
RESISTOR
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
12 | P a g e
Capacitors, or "caps", vary in size and shape - from
a small surface mount model up to a huge electric
motor cap the size of paint can. Whatever the size
or shape, the purpose is the same. It stores
electrical energy in the form of electrostatic charge.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
13 | P a g e
LEDs are simply diodes that emit light of one form
or another. They are used as indicator devices.
Example: LED lit equals machine on. They come in
several sizes and colors. Some even emit Infrared
Light which cannot be seen by the human eye.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
14 | P a g e
junctions, as shown on the right.
Power Supplies/Source
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
15 | P a g e
connection between the coils.
16 | P a g e
Inductor to mechanical energy by pulling on
(Coil, Solenoid) something.
Switches
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Push Switch A push switch allows current to flow only when the
(push-to- button is pressed. This is the switch used to operate a
make) doorbell.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
A. Identify each of these symbols:
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
17 | P a g e
COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COMPONENT FIGURE
1.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
18 | P a g e
2.
3.
4.
A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric
circuit
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
19 | P a g e
Consuming- any device that consumes voltage, whatever component or piece of
equipment that is connected to a source and draws current from a source is a
load on that source.
Controlling- any device having two states, on (closed) or off (open). Ideally
having zero impedance when closed and infinite impedance when open.
Protecting-a component used to open the circuit when current exceeds a
predetermined maximum value.
Connecting- a material that conducts electric current very well and used to
connect a complete path for current.
CONTROLLING
source CONSUMING
Connecting device
20 | P a g e
1. _______________________ Interconnection of components which provides an
electrical path between two or more components.
2. _______________________ A type of circuit in which the flow of current is cut off.
3. _______________________ A circuit in which the components are connected from
end to end so that the current has only one path to
follow through the circuit.
4. _______________________ A circuit where there is more than one path for the
current to flow through.
5. _______________________ A device used to supply AC or DC voltage.
6. _______________________ Any device having two states, ON or OFF.
7. _______________________ A safety device used to protect an electrical circuit
from the effect of excessive current.
8. _______________________ pathway for carrying an electrical current.
9. _______________________ Components or pieces of equipment connected to a
source which draws current from a source.
10. _______________________ A DC voltage source containing two or more cells that
convert chemical energy to electrical energy.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
21 | P a g e
A. Initial Steps in Using Analog Multi-tester
-COM + POS
(Black) (Red)
2. Check if the pointer rests exactly at the infinite zero position in ohmmeter range.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
22 | P a g e
3. Check the probes if they are in condition. (Ohmmeter calibration)
a. Set the Multi-tester to corresponding selector resistance range.
b. Short the two test probes lead together.
Zero Ohm
Adjustment
knob
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
23 | P a g e
Note:
Zero
ohm
Adjust the ohm adjustment if the As indicated, the pointer rests out of
pointer could not rest exactly at “O” the range of ohmmeter scale. Adjust
ohm reading. the ohm adjustment counter
clockwise until the pointer rests “O”
ohm reading.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
24 | P a g e
B. Resistance Measurements
Ohmmeter Scale
Infinite Resistance
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
25 | P a g e
4. Select the desired resistance range scale with selector switch.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
26 | P a g e
Testing a 55 K ohm resistance
Range: x1 K ohm
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
27 | P a g e
C. Voltage Measurement
Set the selector knob to the proper scale range. The chosen scale range must be higher
that the anticipated voltage to be measured. The settings for AC and DC illustrates below
and voltmeter scale where the voltage read.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
28 | P a g e
Voltmeter Scale (AC/DC)
(From 0 to 10, 50, 250)
+ POS (red)
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
29 | P a g e
Direct Current (DC) Voltage Measurements
Be careful in testing DC voltages especially in polarity. Be sure that the positive test
probe (red) is at the positive voltage supply and the negative test probe (black) is at the
negative or common ground of the supply voltage.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
30 | P a g e
As illustrated, the deflection of the pointer differs from example 5. Do not be confused
because the only difference is the setting, not the voltage. The first setting sets at 10 volts.
This setting is more sensitive than 50 volts setting. Be careful in setting the voltage. In
testing voltage like in our example, the best setting for 9 volts is at 10-volt setting. Because
it reads more clearly than 50-volt or higher. Do not test 9-volt or higher in 0.5 or 2.5 volts
setting. It can damage your tester.
In testing AC Voltages, it does not matter if the test probes are interchanged.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
31 | P a g e
D. Digital Multi – Tester
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
32 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
33 | P a g e
Using Digital Multi-tester
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
34 | P a g e
Digital Multitester Selector Switch
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
35 | P a g e
Sample 1: 4 - Band
36 | P a g e
Give the value and tolerance of
the resistor band: Green, Violet,
Gray, Brown, Brown. As shown Solution:
below
Therefore:
Green Brown Brown
Violet Gray 578 x 10 = 5.78 kilo ohms (KΩ) + 1%
Resistor value
We, and many others, were taught a little sentence to remember the sequence of
the resistor colors like Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Gray, and
White, which refers to: “Black Boy Rape One Young Girl but Violet Gives Willingly.” As you
will agree this saying no longer applies to the society we live in today for obvious offending
reasons. And we are hesitant to even mention it but fact is, it was part of our ‘learning’ for
decades and so we decided to mention it for reference purposes only.
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
37 | P a g e
Sample 3: 4 – Band
Therefore:
Sample 4: 5 – Band
Resistor value
Example 1:
Solution:
Decimal equivalent for 10%
For + 10%
100 + (100 x 0.10) = 110Ω (maximum)
Given resistance
For – 5%
To get familiarized with abbreviations in values, used below 4700 or 4K7, 1000 or 1K,
which is all the same. _ Every thousand (1000) is called a ‘K’ which stands for ‘Kilo”. The ‘M’
stands for ‘Mega’ (million). 1 Mega is 1000K or 1000 000 ohms. So 4K7 means 4 thousand
and 7 hundred or 4700 ohms. 6K8 means 6 thousand and 8 hundred or 6800 ohm. One
more example, 1M2 means 1million and 200,000 or 1,200,000
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
39 | P a g e
Ohms. Here are a couple more: 1K92 = 1.92K = 1920 ohms, 100E = 100 ohms, 19K3 = 19.3K
= 19300 ohms, 1M8=1.8M, etc., etc. These are abbreviations you find everywhere in the
industry, schematics, diagrams and whatever. It is normal and takes a bit of time to get
used to.
SELF-CHECK 3.1.4
A. Resistor Reading. Give the value and tolerance of the color-band resistor.
Tolerance: _________________
Tolerance: _________________
40 | P a g e
Tolerance: _________________
brown black orange silver
Tolerance: _________________
Tolerance: _________________
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
41 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
42 | P a g e
PC HARDWARE SERVICING
The Strengthened Technical-Vocational Education Program
43 | P a g e