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Abstract: - This paper presents possibility to decrease the corona power losses in overhead transmission lines.
Corona power losses can be reduced by increasing the diameter of the conductor and used bundled conductors
per phase. The objectives were to determine the corona power losses depend on conductors diameters. The
simulation is completed using the corona model for one 400 kV and 220 kV overhead transmission line is
developed in Matlab/Simulink. The objectives are to determine the corona effect in high voltage transmission
lines, and to identify factors of decreasing the corona losses, such as increasing the diameter of conductors, and
thus have to increase the critical disruptive voltage. The paper describes the analytical approach, computational
tools and simulations models.
Key-Words: - Electric discharge, Electric field, Corona model, Critical disruptive voltage, Power losses,
Transmission line.
The electric field intensity at P due to the both smaller diameter then the conductor as a whole. The
line charge will be potential gradient for such conductor will be greater
than for the equivalent smooth conductor. The
q1 1 irregularities on the surface are increased further
Ex = + (1) because of the deposition of dust and dirt on its
2π ε 0 x d − x
surface and the breakdown voltage is further
reduced. Average value for the ration of breakdown
The potential different between the conductors voltage for such conductor and a smooth conductor
lines between 0.85, and is denoted by m0.
r
q d −r The final expression for the critical disruptive
U =− ∫ E x dx = π ε 0 ln r
(2)
voltage after taking into account the surface of the
d −r conductor is given by:
Since r is very small as compared to d, d
d − r = d . Substituting for q from the above U 0 = r g 0 δ m0 ln [kV ] (8)
r
equation,
of the annualized cost of capital investment and the particularly for lightly loaded or compact
annual cost of energy losses incurred during the transmission lines in the range of 230–400 kV, lines
operation of the line. The capital cost is almost in traversing regions of high altitude or of extreme
directly proportional to the conductor cross-section, pollution, and also for normally loaded lines at
or to d2, where d is the conductor diameter. In the voltages above 750 kV (3).
absence of corona on conductors, the energy losses The mean annual corona losses of high-voltage
consist mainly of the resistive or I2R losses, where I transmission lines are usually an order of magnitude
is the load current flowing through the line, and R is lower than the resistive losses. However, the
resistance of the conductor. Insulator leakage losses maximum corona losses can be of the same order of
are generally negligible compared to the resistive magnitude as the resistive losses.
losses.
The economic choice of conductors, for a given
transmission voltage and load current, involves 3 Case studies
minimizing the total annualized cost of conductors
over the expected life of the line. Since the capital Matlab/Simulink has been used to develop
cost increases while the cost of resistive energy the corona model for analyzing the corona
losses decreases with d, there is an optimum value
losses in 400 kV overhead transmission line.
of d for which the total cost attains a minimum. In
Figure 2, curve 1 shows the variation of the total Figure 3 shows the block schematic of the
cost as a function of conductor diameter d. presented model in Matlab/Simulink for the
Minimum total cost is obtained for an optimum corona losses in 400kV transmission lines.
conductor diameter d1. For conductor sizes either
lower or higher than d1, the total cost will be higher.
The increase in total cost may become important for 241
lower load currents and/or higher energy costs. konstanta1
1
Divide
50
Prodhimi
frekuenca
Add -K-
25 Dot Product1 Gain
sqrt Humbjet
Konstanta
Math
7.82 Function
rezistenca
Divide1
196.13 2
u -K-
Tensioni i kurores
s Add1
400
5.05
asymptotically with curve 1 for the increased value 5
of d. The minimum total cost of curve 2 occurs at a
20
21
22
23
24
25
.2
.4
.6
.8
.2
.4
.6
.8
.2
.4
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01
20
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E+
Tensioni (kV)
In the case, where the critical disruptive voltage corona losses in 400kV transmission lines depend of
is less, the difference between the operating voltage the conductor diameter.
Up and critical disruptive voltage U0 is the largest,
hence the corona losses are larger. During the foul 241
1
strength is less hence the critical disruptive voltages Divide
Gain
lines. -K-
kons
-K-
mp
mp1
corona loss, in the 220 kV transmission lines, are Dot Product2 Dot Product4
1.94
1.92 The effects of increase the conductor diameter to
1.9 decrease the corona loss, in the 400 kV transmission
1.88 lines, are shown in Figure 7.
1.86
1 0 .8
1 1 .2
1 1 .6
1 2 .0
1 2 .4
1 2 .8
1 3 .2
1 3 .6
1 4 .0
1 4 .4
1 4 .8
1 5 .2
1 5 .6
1 6 .0
1 6 .4
1 6 .8
1 7 .2
1 7 .6
1 8 .0
1 8 .4
1 8 .8
1 9 .2
1 9 .6
2 0 .0
1
the conductor. 0.8
0.6
Also, to show the reduction of corona losses with 0.4
0.2
increasing diameter of conductor are used 0
13.6
13.7
13.8
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14.3
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17.5