BOG ESTIMATION FOR ANHYDROUS AMMONIA STORAGE PLANT.

PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING LOSSES.

GENERAL.

Recalling that Anhydrous Ammonia is a liquid stored at about 240 K (-33 °C) @ Atmospheric pressure i.e. conditions
close to the boiling point. This boiling point increases as the lightest components to evaporate. A heat balance at the
free surface is quite complex since it involves not only the latent heat transfer dur to vaporization, but also, sensitive
heat transfer because of radiation and convection in the gas phase.

The following conditions are assumed in the calculation procedures:

a. The tank is a vertical cylinder insulated.
b. The liquid stock has a true vapor pressure greater than 0.1 psia.

For this estimation it is consider a vertical cylindrical tank (fullcontainment type), as shown in fig. 1.
API MPMS 19:2003 (Chapter 19) Evaporative-loss-measurement, Section 1 shall no be used due to tank’s insulation.
It’s been used “Estimation of boiloff gas from refrigerated vessels in liquefied natural gas plant”, International
Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3. No. 1, January, 2105. As reference document. Changes will be
applied according to fluid’s properties.

𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑻 = (𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑹𝑯𝑰 + 𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑯𝑳𝑳𝑪 + 𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑷 + 𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑽 + 𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑭 ) ∗ 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓

Where:

𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝐺𝑇 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑂𝐺 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡. [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑅𝐻𝐼 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘. [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑠. [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑃 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 , 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑠. [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑉 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡. [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐹 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙 − 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. [ ]
ℎ
DATA CONSTANTS. VALUES.
Storage Tank Pressure op.: 1.2 bar
Density @ -33°C: 682 kg/cm2
Ship’s op. Pressure: 7.5 – 9.5 kg/cm2
Ambient temperature (max.): 20 °C
Sunlight temperature: 18.3 °C
Thermal conductivity of ambient air: 0.0265 W/m·k
Specific heat a,bient air: 1014 J/kg·k
Viscosity of ambient air: 1.9x10-3 cP
Density of ambient air: 1.092 kg/m3
Tank capacity: 23,610 m3 @ 93%
Filling rate to Storage Tank: 1230 m3/h
Diameter of loading line: 0.3556 m (10”)
Lenght of loading line: 900 m
Insulation thickness: 0.0508 m (2”)
Thermal conductivity of insulation: X
Pumps’s TDH: 110 m
Pumps’s efficiency: 50%
Anhydrous Ammonia latent heat: 1371.2 kJ/kg
Safety factor: X
Design margin (not developed design). 1.15

Table 1.
The following data were considered for calculations development as BOG depending parameters and constants.
Table 1.

The calculation sequence was developed as follows:

1. For BOR due to Heat Ingress to Storage Tanks (𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑅𝐻𝐼 ):

𝜶 ∗ 𝝆𝑵𝑯𝟑 ∗ 𝑽𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑲
𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑹𝑯𝑰 =
𝟐𝟒

Where:

𝛼 = 𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒

𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑃𝐼 5219𝐷.

𝜌𝑁𝐻3 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 @ − 33 °𝐶.

𝑉𝑇𝐴𝑁𝐾 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 .

Thus,
𝑘𝑔
0.04∗682 3 ∗ 23,610 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔
𝑚
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑅𝐻𝐼 = = 26,836.70
24 ℎ

2. For BOR due to Heat Leak into Loading and Circulation Pipelines (𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 ).

𝟏. 𝟎𝟓
𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑯𝑳𝑳𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟔 ∗ 𝑸𝑳 ∗ ( )
𝝀𝑵𝑯𝟑

Thus solving for 𝑄𝐿 :

1.05
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑇𝐿 = 3.6 ∗ 𝑄𝐿 ∗ ( )=
𝜆𝑁𝐻3

𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 ∗ 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 1,005 ∗ 1.93𝑥10−5

𝑃𝑟 = ( )= = 0.71
𝑘𝑓 0.027

𝑘𝑔
𝑈∗𝐷∗ 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 3.46 𝑚⁄𝑠𝑒𝑔 ∗ (0.254 𝑚 + (4∗0.1 𝑚)) ∗1.127 ⁄ 3
𝑚
𝑅𝑒−10" = ( )= = 116,043.0769
𝜇𝑎𝑖𝑟 1.9𝑥10−5
 4⁄
1 1⁄ 5⁄ 5
0.027 0.62 ∗ 116,043.0769 ⁄2 ∗ 0.71 3 116,043.0769 8
ℎ0−10" = ∗ 0.3 + 1⁄ ∗ [1 + ( ) ] =
0.654 2 4 282,000
0.4 ⁄3
[1 + ( ) ]
[ 0.71 ]

188.6325
ℎ0−10" = 0.0412 ∗ [0.3 + ∗ 1.4375] = 0.0412 ∗ 238.4096
1.1388

𝑊
ℎ0−10" = 9.8224 ∗ 2 = 19.6450
𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾

𝑇 +𝑇 293.15+ 291.45
2∗ 𝜋∗ [ ∝ 2 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑖 ] 2∗ 𝜋∗900 [ + 240.15 𝐾] 294,901.3024
2
𝑄𝐿 = 𝑟 = 0.254 = = 74,277.4392 𝑊
(𝑟2 ) 1 0.2004 + 3.7698
1
+ ln 1 𝑊 + ln( 0.244𝑊 )
ℎ1 ∗𝑟1 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑠 19.6450 2 ∗ 0.254 𝑚 0.0240 𝑚 ∙𝐾
𝑚 ∙𝐾

1 ⁄ 5⁄
ℎ0 ∗𝐷 0.62∗ 𝑅𝑒0.5 ∗ 𝑃𝑟 3 𝑅𝑒 8
𝑁𝑢 = = 0.3 + 1⁄ ∗ [1 + ( ) ]=
𝑘𝑓 2 4 282,000
0.4 ⁄3
(1+ ( ) )
𝑃𝑟

𝑊
ℎ0 ∗ 𝐷 19.6450 2 ∗ 0.26 𝑚
𝑁𝑢 = = 0.3 + 𝑚 ∙𝐾 = 189.1740
𝑘𝑓 0.027

Thus,

1.05 1.05
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 = 3.6 ∗ 𝑄𝐿 ∗ ( ) = 3.6 ∗ 74,277.4392 ∗ ( )=
𝜆𝑁𝐻3 𝑘𝐽
510
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 = 550.5270
ℎ

3. For BOR due to Loading Pumps (𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑃 ).

𝑸𝑷
𝑩𝑶𝑹𝑯𝑳𝑳𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟔 ∗ ( )
𝝀𝑵𝑯𝟑
Thus,

𝑚 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝑇𝐷𝐻 1
𝑄𝑃 = ( ) ∗ ( − 1)
3600 𝜉

Where:

𝑄𝑃 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝.

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 [ ]
ℎ
𝑘𝑔
g = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 [ ]
ℎ

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 120 𝑚

𝜉 = 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦.

Thus, solving for 𝑄𝑃 :

𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑚∗𝑔∗ℎ 1 838,860 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 120 𝑚 1
ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑔2
𝑄𝑃 = ( ) ∗ ( − 1) = ( )∗ ( − 1) =
3600 𝜉 3600 0.5

𝑄𝑃 = 274,307.22 𝑊

Thus,

𝑄𝑃 274,307.22
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 = 3.6 ∗ ( ) = 3.6 ∗ ( )=
𝜆𝑁𝐻3 510

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 = 1,936.2862 ∗ 2 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑠 = 3,872.5652
ℎ ℎ
 4. For BOR due to Flashing of run down Ammonia in Storage Tank by simulation (HYSYS), (𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐹 ).

𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐹 = 838,860
ℎ

5. For total estimation (𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑇 ).

𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑇 = 𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑅𝐻𝐼 + 𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐶 + 𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑃 + 𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑉 + 𝐵𝑂𝑅𝐹

𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑇 = (26,836.70 + 550.5270 + 3,872.5652 + 838,860 ) ∗ 1.15
ℎ

𝑘𝑔
𝐵𝑂𝑅𝑇 = 1,000,637.76
ℎ

I.Q.P. Alberto Rivera.

Proceso.
BUROSA S.A. de C.V.