Figure 9.

4-8 Spherical shell or dished end with isolated opening and set-in nozzle

The calculation pressure: P 2,5 [Mpa]

The test pressure: Ptest 3,8 [Mpa]
The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature: Rp0,2T 355 [Mpa]

The minimum tensile strength at 20°C: Rm/20 450 [Mpa]

The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature nozzle or branch: Rp0,2Tb 250 [Mpa]
The minimum tensile strength at 20°C nozzle or
branch: Rm/20b 400 [Mpa]
Joint coefficient: z 0,7 []

Internal diameter of a nozzle fitted in a shell: dib 400 [mm]

Inside radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre: ris 1000 [mm]

Analysis thickness of shell wall or mean analysis

thickness within the length l's and excluding the
thickness of the reinforcing pad if fitted: ea,s 30 [mm]
Assumed shell thickness of shell wall for checking of
reinforcement of an opening. The thickness may be
assumed by designer between the minimum required
shell thickness e and the shell analysis thickness ea,s.
This assumed thickness shall then be used consistently
in all requirements: ec,s 35 [mm]
Length of shell, from the edge of an opening or from
the external diameter of a nozzle, to a shell
discontinuity: ls 1500 [mm]
Analysis thickness of nozzle: ea,b 30 [mm]
Cross-sectional area of fillet weld between nozzle (or
plate) and shell: Afw 3,20E+01 [mm2]
Effective thickness of nozzle for reinforcement
calculation: eb 30 [mm]

Length of nozzle extending outside the shell: lb 200 [mm]

Length of nozzle extending inside the shell: lbi 200 [mm]

Length of penetration of nozzle into shell wall for set-

in nozzles with partial penetration: e´s 15 [mm]
Nominal design stress of shell material for normal
operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fs 168,8 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of shell material for test cases:

𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fstest 338,1 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for

normal operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fb 150,0 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for
test cases:
𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fbtest 238,1 [Mpa]

Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch

material for normal operating cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ; 𝑓
fob 150,0 [Mpa]

Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch

material for test cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ;𝑓
fobtest 238,1 [Mpa]

External diameter of a nozzle fitted in a shell:

𝑑 =𝑑 +2∗𝑒 ,
deb 460,0 [mm]
Maximum length of shell contributing to opening
reinforcement, taken on the mean surface of the shell
wall:
𝑙 = 2𝑟 + 𝑒 , ∗𝑒 ,

lso 266,9 [mm]

Effective length of shell for opening reinforcement:

𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´s 266,9 [mm]
Medium radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre:
𝑟 = 𝑟 + 0,5 ∗ 𝑒 ,
rms 1015,0 [mm]
Coefficient:
𝑑
𝛿=
2𝑟
δ 0,2 []
Distance taken along the mid-thickness of the shell
between the centre of an opening and the external
edge of a nozzle or a ring; or, if no nozzle or ring is
present, a is the distance between the centre of the
hole and its bore:
a= 𝑟 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿
a 232,0 [mm]
Pressure loaded area the shell:
𝑙´ + 𝑎
𝐴𝑝 = 0,5𝑟
0,5 ∗ 𝑒 , + 𝑟
Aps 2,46E+05 [mm2]
Maximum length of nozzle outside the shell for
reinforcement:
𝑙 = 𝑑 −𝑒 ∗𝑒
lbo 113,6 [mm]
Effective length of nozzle inside the shell for
reinforcement:
𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 0,5𝑙
l´bi 56,8 [mm]
Effective length of nozzle outside the shell for
reinforcement:
𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´b 113,6 [mm]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area nozzle or branch

effective as reinforcement:
𝐴 = 𝑒 ∗ 𝑙´ + 𝑙´ + 𝑒 ´
Afb 5,56E+03 [mm2]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area effective as

reinforcement the shell:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒 ,
Afs 9,34E+03 [mm2]
Pressure loaded area the reinforcing plate:
𝐴 = 0,5𝑑 ∗ 𝑙 ´ + 𝑒 ,
Apb 2,87E+04 [mm2]
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐴
3,5 yes
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐴
4,3 yes