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What is a high speed earth switch, and how does it What is earth switch?
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1 Answer Which one has high speed?

How should you fall at high speeds?

Arsh Ahtsham, Sales Engineer@ Siemens, Born to learn and grow rich.
Answered Sep 14, 2018 How often do Earth’s poles switch?

A high-speed earthing switch (HSES) is a permanently installed switching apparatus What are high speed protons?
in gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear (GIS). A spring drive driven HSES has
been developed and tested in one-phase and three-phase synthetic test circuit. The
HSES rated voltages of 245 kV and 300 kV, enable to performed closing (making)
operation on the peak value of short circuit current of 100 kA twice without needing
maintenance.

Shown above is the cross-sectional side view of a 220kV GIS. Point number 8 is a high
speed earthing switch.

The principles for GIS earthing for maintenance are reflected in three basic concepts:

• Permanently fixed power driven or manual slow operation type devices.

• Permanently fixed power driven or manual (stored energy) fast operation, high-
speed type capable of safety making onto a live circuit, of withstanding the associated
fault current, and being opened satisfactorily afterwards with no internal damage to
the GIS.

• Portable earthing device as an additional tool.

A main option which does not require degassing is the provision of a sufficient
number of permanently installed, electrically (as well as mechanically) interlocked,
earthing switches at all possible locations where they may be required within the GIS
to allow appropriate maintenance earthing. For this function both types of earthing
switch are suitable, i.e., those with capability to close onto a short circuit (short circuit
making earthing switches i.e., high-speed earthing switch—HSES) and those without
this capability (slow operation types i.e., maintenance earthing switch—MES).

In the use of MES it is a remote possibility that if the appropriate operational permit
system and interlocking chain are incorrectly performed then a MES could be closed
onto a live busbar and course internal fault with consequential loss of availability of
plant and potential operator danger. If the possibilities of such an incorrect earthing
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switch operation, although small, are unacceptable, then a further option is the
application of the HSES at least at line entries or throughout the entire GIS.

Under some local regulations, it is requested that the absence of voltage be verified
prior to connecting a conductor to earth. This requirement can be met by an
additional voltage probe. If this is not possible with GIS equipment, it may be
permitted to replace this operation by closing of the HSES.

Taking into consideration the technical and economical facts, the HSES is mainly
used for earthing on incoming line. This HSES must be capable of switching on and
off all no load service conditions valid for specific installation, e.g., line-induced
capacitive and inductive currents when parallel lines are in service.

In general, the earthing switch is made with full making capacity; the HSES has been
designed with a motor drive and spring. Closing operation consists of the first step
while spring being charged to the “dead” point and the second step where the spring
is released automatically. The spring releasing led to enough speed of the moving
contact to close on the peak value of the short circuit without severe damage.
Opening operation has been performed very slow by motor only.

I hope that answers your question.

I have tried to answer this question in a manner that also explains the evolution of
earthing mechanism used in GIS as it is a relatively contemporary technology which
was preceded by AIS( Air insulated switch-gear).

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