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Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20, M25, M30 Concrete with Procedure & Example
Home/ Concrete Technology / Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20, M25, M30 Concrete with
Procedure & Example
Concrete mix design is the process of finding right proportions of cement, sand and aggregates for
concrete to achieve target strength in structures. So, concrete mix design can be stated as Concrete Mix
= Cement:Sand:Aggregates.
The concrete mix design involves various steps, calculations and laboratory testing to find right mix
proportions. This process is usually adopted for structures which requires higher grades of concrete such
as M25 and above and large construction projects where quantity of concrete consumption is huge..
Benefits of concrete mix design is that it provides the right proportions of materials, thus making the
concrete construction economical in achieving required strength of structural members. As, the quantity
of concrete required for large constructions are huge, economy in quantity of materials such as cement
makes the project construction economical.
Concrete Mix design of M20, M25, M30 and higher grade of concrete can be calculated from example
below.
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN CALCULATION FOR M20 M25 M30 WITH EXAMPLE
(a) Characteristic compressive strength required in the field at 28 days grade designation — M 25
(f) Type of exposure the structure will be subjected to (as defined in IS: 456) — Mild
Himsworth constant for 5% risk factor is 1.65. In this case standard deviation is taken from IS:456 against
M 20 is 4.0.
Where,
Maximum water content = 186 Kg (for Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20 mm)
Parameters Values as per Standard reference condition Values as per Present Problem
Departure Correction in Water Content
Total +3
Cement content =
In the present example against mild exposure and for the case of reinforced concrete the minimum
cement content is 300 kg/m3 which is less than 383.2 kg/m3. Hence cement content adopted = 383.2
kg/m3.
Total -10%
Note 1: For every ±0.05 change in w/c, the coarse aggregate proportion is to be changed by 0.01. If the
w/c is less than 0.5 (standard value), volume of coarse aggregate is required to be increased to reduce
the fine aggregate content. If the w/c is more than 0.5, volume of coarse aggregate is to be reduced to
increase the fine aggregate content. If coarse aggregate is not angular, volume of coarse aggregate may
be required to be increased suitably, based on experience.
Note 2: For pump able concrete or congested reinforcement the coarse aggregate proportion may be
reduced up to 10%.
Hence,
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.62 x 90% = 0.558
a) Volume of concrete = 1 m3
W/c = 0.5
For casting trial -1, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube assuming 25%
wastage.
Volume of concrete required for 4 cubes = 4 x (0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3
Since the aggregate is saturated surface dry condition hence no correction is required.
The mix proportion as calculated in Step 6 forms trial mix1. With this proportion, concrete is
manufactured and tested for fresh concrete properties requirement i.e. workability, bleeding and
finishing qualities.
In this case,
Slump value = 25 mm
Mix is cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 25 mm and it is free from segregation and
bleeding.
As mentioned earlier to adjust fresh concrete properties the water cement ratio will not be changed.
Hence
For casting trial -2, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube assuming 25%
wastage.
In this case,
Slump value = 60 mm
Compaction Factor = 0.852
Mix is very cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 60 mm.
It virtually flowed during vibration but did not exhibit any segregation and bleeding.
So , it has achieved desired workability by satisfying the requirement of 50-75 mm slump value .
In case of trial mix 3 water cement ratio is varied by +10% keeping water content constant. In the
present example water cement ratio is raised to 0.55 from 0.5.
An increase of 0.05 in the w/c will entail a reduction in the coarse aggregate fraction by 0.01.
Hence the coarse aggregate as percentage of total aggregate = 0.558 – 0.01 = 0.548
W/c = 0.55
FA = 821 kg/m3
CA = 1070.75 kg/m3
For casting trial -3, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube assuming 25%
wastage.
In this case,
Slump value = 75 mm
Mix is stable, cohesive, and workable and had a true slump of about 75 mm.
So , it has achieved desired workability by satisfying the requirement of 50-75 mm slump value .
In this case water / cement ratio is decreased by 10% keeping water content constant.
W/c = 0.45
A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by 0.01.
FA = 757.28 kg/m3
CA = 1071.11 kg/m3
For casting trial -4, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube assuming 25%
wastage.
A local correction due to moisture condition of aggregate is again applied on this proportions. With
corrected proportions three concrete cubes are cast and tested for 28 days compressive strength.
From Compressive Strength vs. c/w graph for target strength 31.6 MPa we get,
W/c = 0.44
water content = 197.4 kg/m3
A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by 0.01.
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