EXPLANATION TEXT

 Explain = penjelasan
 is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific or
cultural phenomena. Explanation text explain how or why something happens. It
is often found in science, geography and history text books.

sebuah teks yang menjelaskan tentang proses terjadinya suatu kejadian atau
terbentuknya seuatu fenomena. Contohnya menjelaskan bagaimana sepeda motor
dibuat / bagaimana lebah membuat madu.
Jadi fungsinya untuk menjelaskan kejadian/fenomena tersebut.

The Generic Structure

 General statement
stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
 Sequenced of explanation
stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Features

 In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :

Using simple present tense
Using Passive voice
Using Action verbs
Containing explanation of the process

Example

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing
suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power
plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle
involves sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to
evaporate. The the water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the
atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they
are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or
snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry
air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions
How Chocolate is Made

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the
amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions,
especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree
produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s
seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are
shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by roasting
the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different
qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive
mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat
nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are
grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However,
cacao beans are half fat, which is why they ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter
chocolate.
PASSIVE VOICE

No Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice

1 Present Simple S + V1 + O S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by
Tense +O
Many people speak English English is spoken by many people
2 Present Continuous S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing S + to be (am, are, is) + being +
Tense +O V3 + by + O
Many people are speaking English is being spoken by many
English people
3 Present Perfect S + have/has + V3 + O S + have/has + been + V3 + by +
Tense O
Many people have spoken English has been spoken by many
English people
4 Present Perfect S + have/has + been + V1-ing + S + have/has + been + being + V3
Continuous Tense O + by + O
Many people have been English has been being spoken by
speaking English many people
5 Past Simple Tense S + V2 + O S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by +
O
Many people spoke English English was spoken by many
people
6 Past Continuous S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing S + to be (was, were) + being +
Tense +O V3 + by + O
Many people were speaking English was being spoken by
English many people
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Many people had spoken English had been spoken by many
English people
8 Past Perfect S + had + been + V1-ing + O S + had + been + being + V3 + by
Continuous Tense +O
Many people had been English had been being spoken by
speaking English many people
9 Future Simple Tense S + will not + V1 + O S + wi

ll be + V3 + by + O
Many people will speak English English will be spoken by many
people
10 Future Continuous S + will + be + V1-ing + O S + will + be + being + V3 + by +
Tense O
Many people will be speaking English will be being spoken by
English many people
11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3 + by
+O
Many people will have spoken English will have been spoken by
English many people
12 Future Perfect S + will + have + been + V1-ing S + will + have + been + V1-ing
 Continuous Tense +O +O
Many people will have been English will have been being
speaking English spoken by Many people
13 Past Future Simple S + would + V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Tense Many people would speak English would be spoken by
English many people
14 Past Future S + would + be + V1-ing + O S + would + be + being + V3 +
Continuous Tense by + O
Many people would be speaking English would be being spoken
English by many people
15 Past Future Perfect S + would + have + V3 + O S + would + have + been + V3 +
Tense by + O
Many people would have English would have been spoken
spoken English by many people
16 Past Future Perfect S + would + have + been + V1- S + would + have + been +being
Continuous Tense ing + O + V3 + by + O
Many people would have been English would have been being
speaking English spoken by many people

Activity

1. Giving a word of noun “book”

Make a passive sentence that explain about the book
It is brought by the students everyday
It is sold in the bookstore
It used for the students
It is found in gramedia

Chocolate
Is is made from cocoa
It was bought by me when I was sad
It is sold in the market