Remember!

Noun (N)
Word Categories Verb (V)
Adjective (ADJ)
Adverb (ADV)
Notice how the highlighted words are used in each of the Article (ART)
COCA concordance lines below. Is there a difference in how Pronoun (PRO)
Preposition (PREP)
these words are used? Write the initial of the word category Conjunction (CONJ)
of the highlighted word on the line provided.
1.

1. The way you intensify conflict is to make the stakes higher, and the stakes
become lethal when the gun is involved, and add to that the fact that movies are
a visual medium and they're drawn to dynamics to aggressive, bold movement.
2. That time, Carter's voice rolled like artillery fire down the hallway. Cavanaugh
jumped, and seemed conflicted as to whether he should answer.
3. Hasbro Inc. is holding a worldwide contest to let people choose the eight tokens
to be included in the next generation of the property acquisition game, based on
the real streets of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
4. Moreover, contractors cannot engage in meaningful competition without
knowledge of a government procurement or opportunity to make an offer
or contest the government's assertion that it followed certain ground rules.
5. The empirical analysis in this Article suggests that approximately 17% of people
detained pretrial in the Harris County dataset who pleaded guilty (or no contest)
would not have been convicted but for their detention.
6. This was particularly true during the period between 1930 and 1960, when
Finnish seamen could quadruple their salaries by working abroad. In contrast,
Finnish mariners now earn some of the world's highest pay, causing Finnish
shipowners to regularly look for cheaper alternatives.
7. Contrast this scenario with the circumstances in Sterling, Illinois, identified by
Dartmouth researchers as having the highest rate of coronary angioplasty
delivered to FFS Medicare beneficiaries among all the hospital service areas in
the U.S.-35.6 per 1,000, more than four times the national rate of 7.5 (Dartmouth
Atlas Project, 2012).
8. The function then continues to decrease, from 0.2000 after three World Cups, to
0.0909 after four and 0.1000 after five.
9. This agreement also provided for annual audits and for a decrease in the total
grant amount if net casino revenues dropped below those achieved in 2000.
10. Given the passage of time since the first trial (six years), and the small amount of
money involved, this makes perfect sense.
11. Behind these theories of congressional power was the radicals' utopian vision
that the end of the war presented a " golden moment " of opportunity to perfect
the government of the United States.
12. We had everything. We had the beach, we had the mountains, the desert, we
had the river. We had it all.
13. It has two miles of walking paths through various desert habitats, 230 animal
species, 1,200 types of plants and a huge mineral collection.
14. In addition, we excluded a subset of variables that may be relevant to desert
bighorn sheep, black bears, and pronghorn (such as density of roads or
presence of humans) because values of those variables were uniformly low
across the extent of the telemetry data.
15. At present, however, many general counsel do not think that associates will be
around long enough for them to recoup the investment in their training and are
content to do their own training of the law firm lawyers they eventually bring in-
house.
16. While companies like Yahoo, Facebook, and Twitter are able to carefully filter
advertising content to their users, they choose not to eliminate messages of
terrorist organizations using their servers.
17. As a narrator, Odili can only content himself with the belief that by
acknowledging, and even reproducing, the fragmentary and occulted nature of
experience, he has avoided disguise and duplicity.
18. If so, do you attribute that to having more free time thanks to technology? Or
would you say that technology has made life on earth demonstrably worse?
19. I try to focus on the best attribute I have and I do it to my very best. I take a lot of
pride in rebounding the ball.
 Commands, Pragmatics=
language in terms
of situational
Requests, Offers context

& Suggestions
Look at the examples taken from COCA and determine if they are either a command
(C), request (R), an offer (O), or a suggestion (S).
1. I called Shane to talk about her efforts. She discussed what's going on under the
hood, what her creations might teach us, and why it's so funny when neural
networks go bad. Can you tell me a little about what's going on under the hood
with these systems?

2. One day you say we're okay, and the next day someone is at the door trying to
serve us papers. What's going on? Tell me the truth. Can we afford to stay here,
or do we have to move?

3. A woman who appeared to be in her late sixties, judging by her graying hair and
stooped back, looked up when she entered. " Can I help you? " she asked in a
kindly voice.

4. I began our interviews, however, by asking, " Would you tell me a little about
your path to forming your family through adoption? " Some parents answered
only briefly, perhaps because their adoption process ran smoothly and
predictably, and they saw it as not particularly worth describing in that context.

5. "May I bring you something to drink?" the waitress asked as she set a menu on
the table before him.

6. So we want to thank everybody who made it possible, and please keep your
support coming. So that's that, I see that the light is still on. We got a
minute. Shall I say something?

7. Could you give me just a little more information, just a hint? Why are you trying
to find these people? Who are they to you? Are they in the Chicago area?

8. In spite of political mindsets that might drive us apart, could we find middle
ground? Could the growing discord between our citizens and their government
be repaired?

9. Will you give me a minute, please? This is the most exasperating day of my life.
 10. Dr. Welch smiled and nodded. " I can well
understand. Would you like something hot to drink?" “No, I'm fine, " Julie replied
as she pulled off her gloves.

11. If we can take something from this, that is a giant step for mankind. Since we are
living in such a wonderful world, let 's stay positive and move forward instead of
focusing on anger. "I'm counting on everyone's big love."

12. Well, I am with you. I wouldn't do it. But I am telling you, I will predict it right now.
We will hear people in this country, including in the government, saying right up
to the date when the missile lifts off, why don't we just sit down and talk with the
North Koreans? We have talked to them for 25 years.

Talk to your partner about how you would approach the situations described below:
1. You are asking your boss permission to take a day off of work
2. You are offering to help a stranger with directions
3. You are giving instructions on how to cook a dish
4. You are asking a waiter for a glass of water
5. You are suggesting a restaurant to eat at with your friends

Reflection Questions
1. Is there a difference between “can” and “may”?

2. Is there any situation where you would use “shall”? Have you heard it used
before? Shall is used more often in formal contexts in BrE than AE.

3. Does making commands, requests, offers, and suggestions differ in your native
language? How?