Damian, Stephanie Louise 04 – 26 – 19

SEC 1. Prof. Gazo

1.) What evidence links echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates to the same evolutionary
lineage?

- Members of the echinodermata and hemichordata are the first members of the clade
deuterostomia. Echinodermata and hemichordata are united by two important synamophores (a
shared larval morphology and tripartite coelomic cavities. The three shared common
characteristics are the pharyngeal slits, radial cleavage, and enterocoelous coelom formation and
it is believed to be related to each other by many zoologists. It is said that the three are
monophyletic (having a common ancestor

2.) At what point in chordate evolution does feeding become foraging or predatory in nature?

- Feeding becomes foraging or predatory in nature once the chordates develop a head and jaw
which helps them to be modified as a predatory chordates. The second part is the endoskeleton
which provides protection and also allows predation. This parts greatly affects a chordate as it help
it through its everyday life of foraging and hunting for food. Jaws and endoskeleton is a must when
it comes to predation because of its unique and strong structures that allows them to digest the
food that they eat really well.

3.) Explain how the skin of amphibians is used in temperature regulation, protection, gas
exchange, and water regulation. Under what circumstances might cooling interfere with water
regulation?

- The skin of amphibians is moist and rich with capillary beds which allow its skin to function as
a respiratory organ. This gas exchange in the skin is called cutaneous respiration. And in water
regulation, lymphatic vessels acts as a transporter of water all throughout an amphibian’s body.
When it comes to temperature regulation, amphibians maintain their temperature depending on the
temperature of their surroundings. When it comes to protection, amphibians protects themselves
by changing their colors adapting it to their surroundings.

4.) In what ways could anuran vocalizations have influenced the evolution of that order?

- Vocalizations of anuran frogs include attracting, breeding, warning and protection from
predators.

REFERENCES:

Miller, Harley. (2016) Zoology 10th edition

Ballard, K. (2004). Echinoderms and Chordates.
http://www.tulane.edu/~bfleury/diversity/labguide/echinchor.html

Saint Louis Zoo. (2019). Amphibians.

https://www.stlzoo.org/animals/abouttheanimals/amphibians

What evidence links echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates to the same evolutionary lineage? The
said evidence that links echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates to the same evolutionary lineage is
their shared deuterostome characteristics. The three share the common characteristic and is thus
believed to be closely related to each other by zoologists. It is said that the three are monophyletic,
meaning they come from a common ancestor. The exact characteristic that is shared is the pharyngeal
slits , radial cleavage, and enterocoelous coelom formation. • At what point in chordate evolution does
feeding become foraging or predatory in nature? Feeding becomes foraging or predatory in nature once
the chordates develop a head and jaw which helps them transition to a predatory lifestyle. Another would
be the development of an endoskeleton which is mainly used for protection and predation. • Explain how
the skin of amphibians is used in temperature regulation, protection, gas exchange, and water regulation.
Under what circumstances might cooling interfere with water regulation? The skin of amphibians is moist
and rich with capillary beds which allow its skin to function as a respiratory organ. This gas exchange in
the skin is called cutaneous respiration • In what ways could anuran vocalizations have influenced the
evolution of that order?