Internal Assignment No 1 MBA-102 Qi. Aaswer all the questions: (@ “Management is a continuous process”. Elucidate the statement, Answer- Management is q continues process not one time action. Managers identify problems and try to solve them ty taking appropriate action on a regular basis. Thus, manazement is known as a continues process ‘A basic management function involving formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the available resources. > The planning process (1) identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved, (2) formulates strategies to achieve them, (3) arranges or creates the ‘means required, and (4) implements, directs, and monitors all steps in their proper sequence. (i) Eaumerate the steps of contro! process ANSWER. Contool as a management fonction involves the following steps: 1 Establishing Standards: Standards are criteria against which results are measured. They are noms to achieve the goals. Standards are usually measured in tems of output. They can also be measured in non-monetary terms like loyalty, customer attraction, goodwill ec. 2. Measuring Performance Measurement involves comparison between what is accomplished and what was intended to be accomplished. The measurement of actual performance must be in the units similar to those of predetermined criterion. The unit or the yardstick thus chosen be clear, well-defined and easily identified, and should be uniform and homogenous throughout the measurement process, 3. Comparing the Actual Performance with Expected Performance This is the active principle of the process. The previous two, setting the goals and the measurement format are the preparatory parts of the process. Itis the responsibilty of the management to compare the actual performance against the standards established. 4. Correcting Deviations: Tho final oloment in the process is the taking corrective action. Measuring and comparing performance, detecting shortcomings, failures or deviations, from plans will be of no avai point to the needed corrective action. does (i) Distinguish between “Line” and Line and staff organization, ANSWER- Line organization is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization. the authority flows from top to bottor a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this organization as scalar organization which moans scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this type of administrative organization. In this type of organization, the line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps in communication and co- ordination taking place,vainfotech.blogspot.com/2017/09/mbar-102organization-behaviour-jnuhtml line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps in communication and co- ordination taking place. Line and staff organization is a modification of line organization and it is more complex than line organization. According to this administrative organization, specialized and supportive activities are attached to the line of command by appointing staff supervisors and staff specialists who are attachedto the line authority. The power of command always remains with the line executives and staff supervisors guide. advice and council the line executives. Personal Secretary to the Managing Director is a staff official. (ix) Write a short note on: a) Locus of Control and 6) Machiavellianism (A)Locus of Control- Locus of Control as a principle was originated by Julian Rotter in 1954. It considers the tendency of people to believe that control resides internally within them, or extemally, with others or the situation Note that, like other preferences. this is a spectrum ‘Some people have a wholly internal or external locus of control, but many will have some balance both views, perhaps varying with situation. For example some may be more intemal at home but more external at work. (B)Machiavelianism- In business, Machiavellian behavior describes someone who is willing to exploit the weaknesses of others to get ahead. He is highly competitive and expects others to take advantage of him. He is ambitious and wiling to take risks, especially if those risks are. likely to cost others instead of himself. He pretends to be more giving than he is and usually only gives to charity if others see it or ifit helps him get ahead. Machiavellian behavior is named for Niccolo Machiaveli, the 16th century author of the book entitled "The Prince.” () Compare and contrast Maslow’s need hierarciy theory of motivation with herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation ANSWER. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a description of the needs that motivate human behavior. In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed five different kinds of human needs, beginning with the most basic: survival. Physiological needs, such as food and shelter, are followed by nezds related to safety. Next, there are needs of love and belonging. Fourth, humans have needs of esteem, such as the need for being respected. The final need in the hierarchy is the need for self- actualzation (fulfilling one’s potential). The hierarchy suggests that basic needs must be met prior to less basic needs; for example, a starving person will seek food before self-actualization ‘Based on Herzberg's Motivation-Fygiene Model, an important development in the field of motivation was ‘the distinction between motivational factors and the mere maintenance (or hygienic) factors. Herzberg’s research was conducted on about 200 engineers and accountants working in several firms in the Pittoburgh area of USA. The maintenance factors are neceseary only to maintain « reasonable level of satisfaction among the employees. If these factors are absent, then most of the employees are dissatisfied.satisfaction among the employees. If these factors are absent, then most of the employees are dissatisfied. But these factors themselves do not motivate the employees. For that purpose motivational factors only work. ‘Note: Answer any two questions. Each question carries § marks (Word limits 500) Q.2. “Management is the at of getting things done through other people.” Explain the importance of ‘management in the light ofthis statement. ANSWER. Management isthe process by which human efforts are coordinated and combined with other resources to accomplished organizational goals and objectives. Mary Parker Folett defines ‘management as “the art of getting things done through people.” ‘Yes, of course itis the art of getting things done through people. A good management requires @ good ‘manager in directing or leading his subordinates, as well as a good subordinate in doing things in a ‘ight way in order to meet the goal and objectives of the organization. It is also said that ‘management requires an understanding of the economic principle ofthe division of labor, which ‘breaks down into subtasks, and the coordination of effort, which recognize the subtasks into an efficient and effective whole. The managers do not do the work themselves. They get the work done through the workers. The workers should not be treated like slaves. They should not be trickled, threatened or forced to do the work. A favorable work environment should be created and ‘maintained. Furthermore, it’s not really about time management because this focuses on the fact that we are spending our time productively. t's not about being productive; it's about accomplishing the goals by our staff (people) that we set out. So, it’s not about time management, it's about goal management; puting the goals in order, figuring out what are the requirements to accomplish those goals, and then moving forward with those goals. Take the focus off managing your time and turn that focus towards accomplishing those goals we set out for our organization. Q.3. What do you mean by learning? Discuss the elements which form the part of learning process. ANSWER- Leaming is a key process in human behaviour. All living is learning. If we compare the simple, crude ways in which a child feels and behaves, with the complex modes of adult behaviour, his skills, habits, thought, sentiments and the like- we will know what difference learning has made to ‘the individual