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INDUSTRAIL SAFETY
VTU Question Bank with Solutions
MODULE- 01
1. Define the following terms as related to Industrial safety: Accident, Slip, Trip
and Fall. VTU (08Marks)
2. Mention any six unsafe acts and unsafe conditions that lead to Industrial
accidents. VTU (08Marks)
3. Briefly discuss the safety climbing guidelines while using ladders. VTU
(08Marks)
4. List and briefly discuss the eight steps for safer Lockout/ Tagout programs.
VTU (08Marks)
5. Write short notes on the following i) Hazard (ii) safety device (iii) MSDS (iv) OSHA
MQP (08Marks)
6. What are the various unsafe acts near our house keeping surroundings? Explain.
MQP (08Marks)
7. Write down the short case study about the road safety? MQP (08Marks)
8. Write a short note on safety sampling techniques? MQP (08Marks)
9. What are the types of standard used in occupation safety and hygiene? MQP
(08Marks)
10. Discuss different safety organizations and their role and objectives. MQP (08Marks)
11. With a suitable case study discuss about the safety measure for lab and campus
layout. MQP (08Marks)
12. Explain the various risks involved in working at height using (i) Scaffolds (ii)
Ladders. MQP (08Marks)
MODULE- 02
1. List the various types/classes of fire, their extinguishers and their working
principles. VTU (08Marks)
2. List the main objectives of fire safety. VTU (08Marks)
3. Briefly discuss the fire triangle. VTU (03Marks)
4. Explain the steps to be taken after the occurrence of fire. VTU (05Marks)
5. Discuss the various types of fire detectors generally used in a power plant. VTU
(08Marks)
6. Discuss the common causes of industrial fires. MQP (08Marks)
7. Describe the classification of fire loads? MQP (08Marks)
8. With the help of suitable case study explain the cause of fire. MQP (08Marks)
9. Explain some fire detection alarm system. MQP (08Marks)
10. What are the significant of fire fighting system? How the fire accident can be
prevented? MQP (08Marks)
MODULE- 03
1. What are the safety precautions to be taken while storing a compressed gas
cylinder? (08Marks)
2. Discuss briefly the storage, handling and decontamination plan for a waste drum
of a hazardous substance. (08Marks)
3. Explain the safety precautions to be taken during welding. (08Marks)
4. What procedure is to be followed while disposing an empty hydrocarbon
container? (08Marks)
5. Write short notes on the following.
(i) PPE (ii) Machines Safety tools (iii) Safety for compressed Gas cylinders (iv)
Safety for welding MQP (16Marks)
6. What are the various Mechanical hazards in industry. Explain MQP (08Marks)
7. What are the various safety tools required for lathe operation. MQP (08Marks)
8. What are the various safety tools required for grinding operation. MQP (08Marks)
MODULE- 04
9. What are primary and secondary electric shocks? Discuss the effect of electric
current on human body. (08Marks)
10. Discuss various safety precautions to be taken in small and residential building
installations against electrical hazard. (08Marks)
11. Discuss the process of achieving electrically safe work conditions. (08Marks)
12. Discuss various safety procedures and paper work to be enforced while
commissioning operation and maintenance of electrical installation in an
electrical plant. (08Marks)
MODULE- 05
13. List the inspection criteria check list for piping in an LPG installation.
(08Marks)
14. Discuss the safety precautions for vehicular use of CNG. (08Marks)
15. List the various questions to be asked during an accident investigation.
(08Marks)
16. Discuss the objectives for safety, health and environment protection of the
company. (08Marks)
SOLUTIONS
MODULE- 01
Accident
Slip
Spills ƒ
Hazards created from weather (e.g., puddles, ice) ƒ
Surfaces that are wet or oily ƒ
Loose rugs or mats
Trip
Definition: Foot or lower leg hits object & upper body continues moving,
resulting in loss of balance. Stepping down to lower surface & losing balance
Definition: Occurs when too far off centre of balance. A fall can be the result of
a slip or a trip where your centre of gravity is shifted causing you to lose your
balance. Preventive measures should be taken to avoid slips and trips.
2. Mention any six unsafe acts and unsafe conditions that lead to
Industrial accidents. (08Marks)
All ladders must be securely placed, held, tied, or otherwise made secure to
prevent slipping or falling.
Avoid placing the ladder at an angle which is too extreme. The distance between
the bottom of the ladder and the supporting point must be approximately one
fourth of the ladder length.
A ladder shall be used when performing overhead work that cannot be safely
performed from floor level. Do not stand on boxes, chairs, desks, bookcases,
radiators, or makeshift supports.
Ladders should not be placed in front of doors or directly around any corner
without proper warning signs in each approaching walkway.
Only one person can be on the ladder at one time. If two employees are
required, a second ladder must be used. Never splice two ladders together to
form a longer one. Never use ladders as scaffold platforms.
The maximum height a person should climb on the ladder is the third step from
the top. Make sure stepladder legs are fully spread while in use. When working
on a step ladder over ten feet high (With the exception of a platform ladder), the
ladder must be held by another person.
When ascending or descending ladders, use both hands (free of other objects)
and face the ladder. When dismounting from a ladder at an elevated position (as
at a roof), make sure that the ladder side rails extend at least three feet above the
dismount position, or that grab bars are present.
Do not place hand tools on a ladder at any time. Carry all hand tools in an
appropriate holster.
4. List and briefly discuss the eight steps for safer Lockout/ Tagout
programs. (08Marks)
Notify all the employees that may be affected during maintenance, the
timing of the work, and how long the equipment may be unavailable.
Identify the process that will relieve any remaining pressure or other
energy.
When the work is done and all tools and other materials have been
removed, the machine can be brought back into operation.
The procedure should spell out the exact steps that are involved, along
with the correct sequence.
5. Write short notes on the following i) Hazard (ii) safety device (iii)
MSDS (iv) OSHA MQP
(08Marks)
Hazard
Definition
Types of Hazard
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Ergonomics
Physical Hazards
Noise
Vibration
Radiation
Temperature
Pressure, Velocity, Height
Electricity
Physical characteristics
Chemical Hazards
Explosives
Flammable liquids
Corrosives
Oxidizing materials
Toxic, carcinogenic, substances
Gases and air particulate
Biological Hazards
Ergonomic Hazards
Physical
o Repetitive motion
o Prolonged sitting
o Poor layout
o Poor posture
o Improper lifting and handling
Environmental
o Poor lighting, glare
o Poor ventilation
o Poor temperature control
o Poor humidity control
Psycho-Social
o Work rest cycles
o Violence, discrimination
o Extraneous stress
o Un even work load
o Lack of personnel space
o Poor inter staff relationships
MSDS
A material safety data sheet is a technical document which provides detailed and
comprehensive information on a controlled product related to:
The data sheet is the second element of the WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous
Materials Information System) information delivery system and is intended to
supplement the alert information provided on labels. The third element of the
system is the education of employees in hazard information on controlled
products, including instruction in the content and significance of information on
the MSDS.
OSHA was created to assure safe and healthy conditions for working men and
women by setting and enforcing standards and providing training, outreach
education and compliance assistance.
Under the OSHA law, employers are responsible for providing a safe and
healthy workplace for their workers.
Employers MUST:
6. Write down the short case study about the road safety? MQP
(08Marks)
Case Study
Source - “Road Safety in India: Status Report 2016” Transportation Research &
Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, 2017
India has a road network of an estimated 3.3 million km, which carries
nearly 65 per cent of freight and 85 per cent of passenger traffic.
The road traffic is estimated to be growing at an annual rate of 7-10 per
cent, while the vehicle population is growing at a rate of 12 per cent per
year.
According to official statistics 150,785 persons were killed and 494,624
injured in road traffic crashes in India in 2016. However, this is probably
an underestimate for injuries, as not all injuries are reported to the police
National Highways comprise only 15% of the total length of roads in
India but account for 33% of the fatalities.
Trucks and buses are involved in about 70 % of fatal crashes in both
rural and urban areas.
Use of seatbelts and airbag-equipped cars can reduce car-occupant
fatalities by over 50%.
Road traffic deaths in India 1970 through 2016 (Source: NCRB 2015 & Transport Research
Wing 2017).
Enforcement
The protocol serves as a guide in performing the survey. The amount of detail
necessary will depend on the purpose of the survey and to whom the results will
be submitted. At a minimum, the protocol should include the following:
Purpose of the survey. Why the survey being conducted and what is the
desired outcome? Background information such as previous surveys,
operational or equipment changes should be referenced.
Where to sample. This identifies expected exposure sites. It is based on
where chemicals are stored, transported, and used at the site, and what
ventilation and airflow patterns exist.
What to sample. This is based on available information. What are the
potential chemical hazards?
Who to sample. This is based on knowledge of the potential exposure
sites and the various job requirements at the site. What job classifications
or specific individuals should be considered for monitoring? Workers
with the greatest potential for exposure must be included.
How many samples should be collected. Consider the number of
exposure sites, job classifications, and potential chemical hazards. How
many samples are necessary to assess the various exposure hazards?
How will the samples be collected and analyzed. After determining the
potential hazards, what published methods are available, and which ones
will provide the most meaningful data. Is there a potential for other
chemical hazards in the area and should methods be considered which
may provide screening information?
Sampling Methods
About NIOSH
Objectives of NIOHS
NIOSH works closely with diverse partners to identify the most critical issues in
workplace safety and health.
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing: NIOSH role and impact has its
accomplishments such as reducing child death rates from agricultural
worksite risks, reducing fatalities from tractor rollovers, and adopting
life-saving personal flotation devices in commercial fishing.
Construction: NIOSH Projects have addressed the causes of falls and
electrical hazards, musculoskeletal disorders associated with
construction work, and health hazards such as noise, asphalt fumes,
silica, and welding fumes.
Healthcare and Social Assistance: NIOSH provides detailed
recommendations for workers who serve the sick and those in need of
assistance.
Manufacturing: NIOSH has developed and distributed education
materials on major hazards in this sector and promoted reduction of
injuries and fatalities due to contact with equipment, falls, hearing loss,
and other exposures.
Mining: NIOSH has created engineering controls for reducing noise
levels in the mines, proximity detection systems for mining equipment,
and LED cap lamps. NIOSH has developed practical solutions to critical
problem areas in mining, which include providing emergency oxygen
through self-contained self-rescuers and improving underground
communications and personnel tracking.
Public Safety: NIOSH networks with fire service and law enforcement
professionals and promotes best practices among public safety workers
responding to emergency calls.
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities: NIOSH established a
Centre for Motor Vehicle Safety to find solutions for fatalities and
severe injuries in transportation.
9. With a suitable case study discuss about the safety measure for lab and
campus layout. MQP (08Marks)
a) personal safety
b) eye safety
c) handling of biologically hazardous material
d) handling of needles and sharps
Eye Safety
Contaminated needles and other sharps are never broken, bent, recapped
or re-sheathed by hand.
Used needles are not removed from disposable syringes.
Department of Mechanical Engineering/ SJBIT Page 24
Industrial Safety / 15 ME 662
10. Explain the various risks involved in working at height using (i)
Ladders (ii). Scaffolds MQP (08Marks)
Ladders
Work at height accounts for more fatalities than any other construction
activities
Construction work often exposes people to risks from working at height
Examples include:
o Steel workers erecting the steel framework of a building
o Scaffolders erecting or striking a scaffold.
o Demolition workers dismantling machinery on the roof of a
building
o Pipe fitters fixing pipework to the ceiling in a factory workshop
o Painters painting a lamp post or a steel span footbridge
The worker falling from height: this accounts for largest percentage of
annual fatalities in the workplace. This can result in,
o Fatalities
o Neck or spinal injury leading to permanent disability or paralysis
o Multiple fractures
An object falling from height onto someone below : can cause severe
injuries that may result in,
o Death
o Brain damage
o Paralysis
o Multiple fractures
The distance (vertical distance) of a fall is not always the deciding factor
in the cause of injuries.
When you are ascending or descending a ladder, do not carry objects that
will prevent you from grasping the ladder with both hands.
Always face the ladder when ascending and descending.
If you must place a ladder in front of a doorway, barricade the door to
prevent its use and post a warning sign.
Only one person is allowed on a ladder at a time.
Do not jump from a ladder when descending.
All joints between steps, rungs, and side rails must be tight.
Rungs must be free of grease and/or oil.
Do not place the top of a ladder against a window or an uneven surface.
Have someone steady the ladder if it cannot be secured otherwise
Use fiberglass (nonconductive) ladder if you must work near electrical
sources.
Never over reach when working from a ladder. Keep your body between
the rails at all times
Scaffolds
1. Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry its own weight plus
four times the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.
It must be erected on solid footing.
2. Unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose bricks or concrete blocks
must not be used to support scaffolds or planks.
3. Scaffold must not be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under
the supervision of a competent person.
4. Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, midrails and toeboards.
5. Scaffold accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs or
ladders that are damaged or weakened from any cause must be
immediately repaired or replaced.
6. Scaffold platforms must be tightly planked with scaffold plank grade
material or equivalent.
7. A "competent person" must inspect the scaffolding and, at designated
intervals, re-inspect.
8. Rigging on suspension scaffolds must be inspected by a competent
person before each shift and after any occurrence that could affect
structural integrity to ensure that all connections are tight and that no
damage to the rigging has occurred since its last use.
9. Synthetic and natural rope used in suspension scaffolding must be
protected from heat-producing sources.
10. Employees must be instructed about the hazards of using diagonal braces
as fall protection.
11. Scaffold can be accessed by using ladders and stairwells.
12. Scaffolds must be at least 10 feet from electric power lines at all times.
MODULE- 02
Classes of Fire: The classification of fire depends mainly upon the fuel involved.
There are five classes of fire.
the vapour, and too slow a movement may discharge more than is
needed at one time.
o Continue to apply contents for a short time after the fire has been
extinguished to prevent possible re-ignition.
3. Dry Chemical Extinguishers:
FOR USE ON: Class “A”,”B”," and "C" fires
EFFECTIVE RANGE: 10 TO 14 FT.
DURATION: APPROX. 30 SECONDS
TO OPERATE:
o Carry the extinguisher to the fire by its handle and operate
according to the instructions on it (instructions usually read:
remove safety pin or locking device, grasp nozzle and squeeze
handles).
o To reduce the intensity of the flames, direct the stream at the base
of the flames and move rapidly from side to side to gain full
coverage.
o In small spill fires, where the entire width can be covered by the
sweep of the dry chemical stream, attack the fire from the front.
The stream will discharge over the entire spill area.
o Work with any wind or breeze at your back.
4. Halon 1211/1301 Extinguishers:
FOR USE ON: Class "B" and "C" fires
EFFECTIVE RANGE - APPROX. 10 TO 13 FT.
DURATION - APPROX. 14 SECONDS
TO OPERATE:
o Carry the extinguisher to the scene of the fire in an upright
position.
o Pull the ring lock pin and aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the carrying handle and the trigger together.
o Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulate fire drills
and evacuation in the workplace. The minimum elements of an emergency action
plan include the following information:
Fire triangle
Four things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire:
1. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion,
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as the "fire triangle."
Add in the fourth element, the chemical reaction, and you actually have a
fire "tetrahedron." The important thing to remember is: take any of these
four things away, and you will not have a fire or the fire will be
extinguished.
Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more
elements of the fire triangle/tetrahedron.
Fire safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel
sources and ignition sources separate.
The following steps should be followed when responding to incipient stage fire:
Sound the fire alarm and call the fire department, if appropriate.
Identify a safe evacuation path before approaching the fire.
Do not allow the fire, heat, or smoke to come between you and your
evacuation path.
Select the appropriate type of fire extinguisher.
Discharge the extinguisher within its effective range using
the P.A.S.S. technique (pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep).
Back away from an extinguished fire in case it flames up again.
Evacuate immediately if the extinguisher is empty and the fire is not out.
Evacuate immediately if the fire progresses beyond the incipient stage.
1. PULL... Pull the pin. This will also break the tamper seal.
2. AIM... Aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hose) at the
base of the fire.
NOTE: Do not touch the plastic discharge horn on CO2 extinguishers, it gets very cold and
may damage skin.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire....EVACUATE
IMMEDIATELY!
10. Discuss the various types of fire detectors generally used in a power
plant. (08Marks)
MODULE- 03
Compressed gas cylinders should be handled only by those familiar with the hazards
and who are trained in the proper handling techniques. Hazards such as fire, explosion,
chemical burns, poisoning, and cold burns could occur if gases accidentally escape from
the cylinder due to mishandling.
The following precautions need to be taken while storing a compressed
gas cylinder
NEVER (Don’t)
ALWAYS (Do)
Accidents may occur during handling of drums and other hazardous waste containers.
Hazards include detonations, fires, explosions, vapour generation, and physical injury
resulting from moving heavy containers by hand and working around stacked drums,
heavy equipment, and deteriorated drums.
OSHA regulations (29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926) include general requirements and
standards for storing, containing, and handling chemicals and containers, and for
maintaining equipment used for handling materials.
Polyethylene or PVC Lined Often contain strong acids or bases. If the lining is
Drums punctured, the substance usually quickly corrodes the
steel, resulting in a significant leak or spill.
Exotic Metal Drums Very expensive drums that usually contain an
(e.g., aluminum, nickel,
extremely dangerous material.
stainless steel, or other
unusual metal)
Single-Walled Drums These drums have fittings for both product filling and
Used as a Pressure placement of an inert gas, such as nitrogen. May
Vessel contain reactive, flammable, or explosive substances.
Laboratory Packs Used for disposal of expired chemicals and process
samples from university laboratories, hospitals, and
similar institutions. Individual containers within the lab
pack are often not packed in absorbent material. They
may contain incompatible materials, radioisotopes,
shock-sensitive, highly volatile, highly corrosive, or
very toxic exotic chemicals. Laboratory packs can be an
ignition source for fires at hazardous waste sites.
The following procedures can be used to maximize worker safety during drum
handling and movement:
Train personnel in proper lifting and moving techniques to prevent back injuries.
Make sure the vehicle selected has sufficient rated load capacity to handle the
anticipated loads, and make sure the vehicle can operate smoothly on the
available road surface.
Air condition the cabs of vehicles to increase operator efficiency; protect the
operator with heavy splash shields.
Supply operators with appropriate respiratory protective equipment when
needed. Normally either a combination SCBA/SAR with the air tank fastened to
the vehicle, or an airline respirator and an escape SCBA are used because of the
high potential hazards of drum handling. This improves operator efficiency and
provides protection in case the operator must abandon the equipment.
Have overpacks ready before any attempt is made to move drums.
Before moving anything, determine the most appropriate sequence in which the
various drums and other containers should be moved. For example, small
containers may have to be removed first to permit heavy equipment to enter and
move the drums.
Department of Mechanical Engineering/ SJBIT Page 40
Industrial Safety / 15 ME 662
Exercise extreme caution in handling drums that are not intact and tightly
sealed.
Ensure that operators have a clear view of the roadway when carrying drums.
Where necessary, have ground workers available to guide the operator's motion.
Radiation:
Cover the face, hands, arms and other skin surfaces to prevent exposure to
the radiation
Arc welding helmet or face shield with approved lens should be used to
protect eyes
Long exposure of arc is known to cause permanent damage to the retina of
the eye
Electric shock
Use of insulated electrode holders and wearing leathers and gloves
Welding should not be performed in wet or damp areas
Proper grounding of equipment’s should be ensured to avoid electric shocks
Flying sparks and molten metal
Wear suitable clothing and cuff less trousers
Wear proper foot protection like high top boots with steel toes
Remove any flammable materials near the vicinity of the welding
Metal fumes
Welding fumes produce harmful vapours which causes irritation to eyes,
nose, throat and lungs
Wear proper masks which will cover entire face and filter the welding fumes
Proper ventilation should be provided such that the fumes escape though
proper channel
Burns
Never handle welded metals with bare hands, use tongs instead to avoid
burning of hands
Wear flame resistant or flame retardant clothing and hair protected all the
time
(i) PPE (ii) Machines Safety tools (iii) Safety for compressed Gas
cylinders (iv) Safety for welding MQP (16Marks)
(i) PPE:
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect you from hazards
found on or off the job.
Examples include goggles, safety glasses, foot protection, coveralls,
gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.
Hearing Protection
There are two types of hearing protection: earplugs and ear muffs. All
hearing protectors are designed to reduce the intensity (loudness) of noise for
the inner ear.
Earplugs
Earplugs are made of foam, rubber, or plastic. They can be one size fits
all or small, medium, or large. Many earplugs are disposable, but some are
reusable. They are lightweight and require no maintenance. They are inserted
into the ear canal. At first, some people may find earplugs uncomfortable to
wear for long periods of time, but most people can find a comfortable fit by
trying different sizes or brands. There are even custom-molded earplugs.
Ear Muffs
Ear muffs cover the whole ear. They have replaceable pads and some
types can filter out specific noise pitches. Ear muffs last longer than most
earplugs, but they can be uncomfortable in hot weather and may not fit well
over glasses or people with heavy sideburns.
Proper Use of Hearing Protection:
• Hearing protection only works when used properly.
• It takes just a few minutes of unprotected exposure at noise above 115
decibels to risk hearing damage.
• Earplugs not inserted properly into the ear canal will not provide complete
protection.
• Ear muffs not snug against the head will leak noise into the ear.
• Portable music devices do not provide protection against noise—they only
add to it.
Some of the most common types of eye and face protection include the
following:
• Safety spectacles. These protective eyeglasses have safety frames
constructed of metal or plastic and impact-resistant lenses.
• Goggles. These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the
eyes, eye sockets and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and
provide protection from impact, dust and splashes.
• Welding shields. Constructed of vulcanized fiber or fiberglass and fitted
with a filtered lens, welding shields protect eyes from burns caused by infrared
or intense radiant light; they also protect both the eyes and face from flying
sparks, metal spatter and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering
and cutting operations.
• Laser safety goggles. These specialty goggles protect against intense
concentrations of light produced by lasers.
• Face shields. These transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows
to below the chin and across the entire width of the employee’s head.
Head Protection
Employers must ensure that their employees wear head protection if any of
the following apply:
• Objects might fall from above and strike them on the head;
• They might bump their heads against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes
or beams; or
• There is a possibility of accidental head contact with electrical hazards.
Department of Mechanical Engineering/ SJBIT Page 46
Industrial Safety / 15 ME 662
• Metatarsal guards protect the instep area from impact and compression.
Made of aluminum, steel, fiber or plastic, these guards may be strapped to
the outside of shoes.
• Toe guards fit over the toes of regular shoes to protect the toes from
impact and compression hazards. They may be made of steel, aluminum or
plastic.
• Combination foot and shin guards protect the lower legs and feet, and
may be used in combination with toe guards when greater protection is
needed.
• Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that
protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing, paving and
hot metal industries.
Body Protection
Protective clothing comes in a variety of materials, each effective against
particular hazards, such as:
• Paper-like fiber used for disposable suits provide protection against dust
and splashes.
• Treated wool and cotton adapts well to changing temperatures, is
comfortable and fire-resistant and protects against dust, abrasions and
rough and irritating surfaces.
• Duck is a closely woven cotton fabric that protects against cuts and
bruises when handling heavy, sharp or rough materials.
• Leather is often used to protect against dry heat and flames.
• Rubber, rubberized fabrics, neoprene and plastics protect against
certain chemicals and physical hazards.
Mechanical hazards
Mechanical hazards are a type of physical hazard. Mechanical hazards are those
associated with power-driven machines, whether automated or manually
operated.
• Crushing injuries occur when a part of the body is caught between hard
surfaces that progressively move together—crushing anything between
them.
NSC requirements for safeguards:
• Prevent contact - Safeguards should prevent human contact with any
potentially harmful machine part.
• Be secure and durable - Workers cannot render them ineffective by
tampering with or disabling them. Durable enough to withstand the rigors
of the workplace.
• Protect against falling objects - Shield moving parts from falling objects,
which can hurled out, creating a projectile.
• Create no new hazard - Safeguards should overcome the hazards in
question without creating new ones. • Sharp edges, unfinished surfaces, or
protruding bolts.
• Create no interference - Safeguards that interfere with progress of work
are likely to be disregarded or disabled by workers feeling the pressure of
production deadlines.
• Allow safe maintenance - More frequently performed maintenance tasks
(lubrication, etc.) accomplished without the removal of guards.
7. What are the various Safety tools required for lathe operation? MQP
(08Marks)
i. Eye Protection
8. What are the various safety tools required for grinding operation?
MQP (08Marks)
The work area has good lighting that doesn’t create glare or shadows
The grinder itself is steady or securely mounted, with the wheel mounted
securely on the machine
The wheel is evenly worn, without substantial nicks and scrapes or
indications of cracks
The floor and the work area are clean. Sparks could ignite debris, and water
or other spills could cause electrical shock
The wheel is designed for the machine’s size and speed
Department of Mechanical Engineering/ SJBIT Page 52
Industrial Safety / 15 ME 662
Three primary factors affect the severity of the shock a person receives when he or she is a
part of an electrical circuit:
Other factors that may affect the severity of the shock are:
The following table demonstrates this general relationship for a 60-cycle, hand-to-foot shock
of one second's duration:
DC current is direct current and does not change in magnitude, though it can be
negative or positive depending on the direction of the circuit. DC current is ideal for
electronic circuits whereas AC is ideal for electrical installation and motors, etc.