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Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Copyright
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurment, recording and remote control) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
EBI Enabling binary input, an input via opto-coupler for function enabling
VEBI Virtual enabling binary signal, a signal for enabling function via
Timer
t
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
t
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay drop off (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay drop off, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay drop off, settable)
Basic Example
A, B, C L1, L2, L3 Ia, Ib, Ic, I0 IL1, IL2, IL3, IN
AN, BN, CN L1N, L2N, L3N Ua, Ub, Uc VL1, VL2, VL3
ABC L123 Uab, Ubc, Uca VL12, VL23, VL31
U (voltage) V U0, U1, U2 VN, V1, V2
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
List of Figures
1.1 Application
The PCS-921 is a digital breaker protection device and can be applied for all kinds of busbar
arrangement. By default, breaker failure protection, overcurrent protection, dead zone protection,
pole discrepancy protection and automatic reclosing function is taken as the standard function of
PCS-921.
PCS-921 supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC 61850 protocol.
Bus 1
PCS-921
52
Line 1 50BF 62PD 50/51G 50/51P
50DZ 25 79
52
Line 2
52
Bus 2
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
2. Logic
3. Additional function
Self diagnostic
Auto-reclosing (79)
Synchro-checking (25)
Event recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events and 1024 device logs.
Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Clock synchronization
– PPS (RS-485)
– IRIG-B (RS-485)
– PPM (DIN)
– SNTP (PTP)
– IEEE1588
– SNTP (BC)
– PPS (DIN)
4. Monitoring
Frequency
5. Communication
2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol or DNP3.0 protocol
Up to 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC
Up to 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface or SC interface, depend on the chosen type
of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103
protocol over TCP/IP
6. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
1.3 Features
The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes.
Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification.
Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min
Insulation resistance
Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC
measurements
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2008
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:2007
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L4
2.7.7 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Voltage difference setting range
(Un:Secondary rated phase-to-ground voltage)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 3.10-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronous voltage ............ 3-33
Figure 3.10-2 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement ...................................... 3-35
Figure 3.10-3 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement ...................................... 3-35
Figure 3.10-4 Voltage connection for double busbars arrangement ................................... 3-36
Figure 3.10-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement ..................... 3-37
Figure 3.10-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement ......................... 3-38
Figure 3.10-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement ......................... 3-39
Figure 3.11-7 Extra time delay and blocking logic of AR ...................................................... 3-53
List of Tables
The device performs various protection functions by respective algorithms with the information
(currents and voltages) acquired from primary system through current transformer and voltage
transformer, so it is important to configure analog input channels correctly.
Further to correct configuration of analog input channels, other protected system information, such
as the parameters of voltage transformer and current transformer are also required.
The device generally considers transmission line as its protected object, current flows from busbar
to line is considered as the forward direction.
3.1.3 Settings
The status of circuit breaker (CB) position is applied for protection and control functions in this
device, such as, auto-reclose and VT circuit supervision, etc. The status of CB position can be
applied as input signals for other features configured by user.
The signal reflecting CB position is acquired via opto-coupler with settable delay pick-up and
drop-off, and forms digital signal used by protection functions. CB position can reflect the status of
each phase by means of phase-segregated inputs.
In order to prevent that wrong status of CB position is input into the device via binary input,
appropriate monitor method is used to check the rationality of the binary input. When the binary
input of CB open position is detected, the status of CB position will be thought as incorrect and an
alarm [Alm_52b] will be issued if there is current detected in the line.
CB Position Supervision
I3P Alm_52b
52b_PhA
52b_PhB
52b_PhC
CB Position Supervision
I3P Alm_52b
52b
3.2.5 Logic
BI 52b_PhA &
>=1
52b_A_CB
BI 52b_PhB &
>=1
52b_B_CB
BI 52b_PhC &
>=1
52b_C_CB
EN [En_3PhCB] &
BI 52b
>=1
SIG [52b_PhC] &
& &
>=1 10s 10s Alm_52b
SIG Ia>I_Line
&
SIG Ib>I_Line
&
SIG Ic>I_Line
Where:
1. I_Line is threshold value used to determine whether line is on-load or no-load. Default value
0.06In.
3.2.6 Settings
The device has one DSP module with fault detector DSP and protection DSP for fault detector and
protection calculation respectively. Protection DSP with protection fault detector element is
responsible for calculation of protection elements, and fault detector DSP is responsible to
determine fault appearance on the protected power system. Fault detector in fault detector DSP
picks up to provide positive supply to output relays. The output relays can only operate when both
the fault detector in fault detector DSP and a protection element operate simultaneously.
Otherwise, the output relays would not operate. An alarm message will be issued with blocking
outputs if a protection element operates while the fault detector does not operate.
Main part of FD is DPFC current detector element that detects the change of phase-to-phase
power frequency current, and residual current fault detector element that calculates the vector
sum of 3 phase currents as supplementary. They are continuously calculating the analog input
signals.
If any of the above conditions is complied, the FD will operate to activate the output circuit
providing DC power supply to the output relays.
DPFC current fault detector element (pickup condition 1) and residual current fault detector
element (pickup condition 2) are always enabled, and all protection functions are permitted to
operate when they operate.
DPFC phase-to-phase current is obtained by subtracting the phase-to-phase current from that of a
cycle before.
ΔI = I(k)-I(k-24)
Where:
I(k-24) is the value of a sampling point before a cycle, 24 is the sampling points in one cycle.
200
100
-100
-200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Original Current
100
50
-50
-100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
DPFC current
From above figures, it is concluded that DPFC can reflect the sudden change of current at the
initial stage of a fault and has a perfect performance of fault detection.
It is used to determine whether this pickup condition is met according to Equation 3.3-1.
For multi-phase short-circuit fault, the DPFC phase-to-phase current has high sensitivity to ensure
the pickup of protection device. For usual single phase to earth fault, it also has sufficient
sensitivity to pick up except the earth fault with very large fault resistance. Under this condition the
DPFC current is relative small, however, residual current is also used to judge pickup condition
(pickup condition 2).
This element adopts adaptive floating threshold varied with the change of load current
continuously. The change of load current is small and steadily under normal or power swing
condition, the adaptive floating threshold with the ΔISet is higher than the change of current under
these conditions and hence maintains the element stability.
Where:
ΔIΦΦMAX: The maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current (ΦΦ=AB, BC, CA)
The coefficient “1.25” is an empirical value which ensures the threshold always higher than the
If operating condition is met, DPFC current element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power
supply for output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after DPFC current
element drops off.
This pickup condition will be met when 3I0 is greater than the setting [FD.ROC.3I0_Set].
Where:
3I0: residual current calculates from the vector sum of Ia, Ib and Ic
When residual current FD element operates and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an alarm
[Alm_PersistI0] will be issued.
If operating condition is met, the residual current FD element will pickup and trigger FD to provide
DC power supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after the residual
current FD element drops off.
The protection device is running either of the two programs: one is “Regular program” for normal
state, and the other is “Fault calculation program” after protection fault detector picks up.
Under the normal state, the protection device will perform the following tasks:
3. Hardware self-check
Once the protection fault detector element in protection calculation DSP picks up, the protection
device will switch to fault calculation program, for example the calculation of phase overcurrent
protection, and to determine logic. If the fault is within the protected zone, the protection device will
send tripping command.
Main program
Sampling program
No Yes
Pickup?
The protection FD pickup conditions are the same as the FD in fault detector DSP as shown below.
The operation criteria for the conditions are also the same as that in fault detector DSP. Please
refer to section 3.3.2 for details.
When any pickup condition mentioned above is met, the protection device will go to fault
calculation state.
FD
I3P FD.Pkp
FD.DPFC.Pkp
FD.ROC.Pkp
3.3.6 Logic
3.3.7 Settings
Auxiliary element (AuxE) is mainly used to program logics to meet users’ applications or further
improve operating reliability of protection elements. Reliability of protective elements is assured,
auxiliary element is usually not required to configure. Auxiliary elements including current change
auxiliary element (AuxE.OCD), residual current auxiliary element (AuxE.ROC), phase current
auxiliary element (AuxE.OC), voltage change auxiliary element (AuxE.UVD), phase under voltage
auxiliary element (AuxE.UVG), phase-to-phase under voltage auxiliary element (AuxE.UVS) and
residual voltage auxiliary element (AuxE.ROV), and they can be enabled or disabled by
corresponding logic setting or binary inputs. Users can configure them according to applications
via PCS-Explorer software.
It shares DPFC current element of DPFC fault detector. If DPFC fault detector operates
(FD.DPFC.Pkp=1) and current change auxiliary element is enabled, current change auxiliary
element operates.
There are 3 stages for residual current auxiliary element (AuxE.ROC1, AuxE.ROC2 and
AuxE.ROC3). Each residual current auxiliary element will operate instantly if calculated residual
current amplitude is larger than corresponding current setting
AuxE.ROC1: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC2: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC3: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set]
Where:
There are 3 stages for phase current auxiliary element (AuxE.OC1, AuxE.OC2 and AuxE.OC3).
Each phase current auxiliary element will operate instantly if phase current amplitude is larger than
corresponding current setting.
AuxE.OC1: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC1.I_Set]
AuxE.OC2: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC2.I_Set]
AuxE.OC3: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC3.I_Set]
Where:
Δ UΦMAX>[AuxE.UVD.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVG will operate instantly if any phase-to-ground voltage is lower than corresponding
voltage setting.
UΦMIN<[ AuxE.UVG.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVS will operate instantly if any phase-to-phase voltage is lower than corresponding voltage
setting.
UΦΦMIN<[ AuxE.UVS.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.ROV will operate instantly if calculated residual voltage is larger than corresponding voltage
setting.
3U0>[ AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set]
Where:
AuxE
AuxE.OCD.En AuxE.St
AuxE.OCD.Blk AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROCx.En AuxE.OCD.On
AuxE.ROCx.Blk AuxE.ROCx.St
AuxE.OCx.En AuxE.ROCx.On
AuxE.OCx.Blk AuxE.OCx.St
AuxE.UVD.En AuxE.OCx.StA
AuxE.UVD.Blk AuxE.OCx.StB
AuxE.UVG.En AuxE.OCx.StC
AuxE.UVG.Blk AuxE.OCx.On
AuxE.UVS.En AuxE.UVD.St
AuxE.UVS.Blk AuxE.UVD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROV.En AuxE.UVD.On
AuxE.ROV.Blk AuxE.UVG.St
AuxE.UVG.StA
AuxE.UVG.StB
AuxE.UVG.StC
AuxE.UVG.On
AuxE.UVS.St
AuxE.UVS.StAB
AuxE.UVS.StBC
AuxE.UVS.StCA
AuxE.UVS.On
AuxE.ROV.St
AuxE.ROV.On
Where:
x can be 1, 2 or 3
3.4.5 Logic
SIG FD.DPFC.Pkp
SIG AuxE.OCD.En
&
& 0s [AuxE.OCD.t_DDO] AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.OCD.Blk
AuxE.OCD.On
En AuxE.OCD.En
SIG Ia
Calculate residual
SIG Ib current:
3I0=Ia+Ib+Ic
SIG Ic
3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC1.En
& AuxE.ROC1.St
SIG AuxE.ROC1.Blk
AuxE.ROC1.On
En AuxE.ROC1.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC2.En
& AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC2.Blk
AuxE.ROC2.On
En AuxE.ROC2.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC3.En
& AuxE.ROC3.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.Blk
AuxE.ROC3.On
En AuxE.ROC3.En
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC1.En
&
& AuxE.OC1.St
SIG AuxE.OC1.Blk
En AuxE.OC1.En AuxE.OC1.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC2.En
&
& AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC2.Blk
En AuxE.OC2.En AuxE.OC2.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC3.En
&
& AuxE.OC3.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.Blk
En AuxE.OC4.En AuxE.OC3.On
0s [AuxE.UVD.t_DDO] AuxE.UVD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.UVD.En
&
SIG AuxE.UVD.Blk AuxE.UVD.On
En AuxE.UVD.En
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVG.En
&
& AuxE.UVG.St
SIG AuxE.UVG.Blk
En AuxE.UVG.En
AuxE.UVG.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVS.En
&
& AuxE.UVS.St
SIG AuxE.UVS.Blk
En AuxE.UVS.En
AuxE.UVS.On
SIG AuxE.ROV.En
&
SIG AuxE.ROV.Blk AuxE.ROV.On
En AuxE.ROV.En
SIG AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.ROC1.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC1.St
>=1 AuxE.St
SIG AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.St
SIG AuxE.ROV.St
3.4.6 Settings
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 1 phase
current auxiliary element
10 AuxE.OC1.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 2 phase current
11 AuxE.OC2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 2 phase
current auxiliary element
12 AuxE.OC2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 3 phase current
13 AuxE.OC3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 3 phase
current auxiliary element
14 AuxE.OC3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for voltage change
15 AuxE.UVD.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Extended time delay of voltage change
16 AuxE.UVD.t_DDO 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling voltage change
auxiliary element
17 AuxE.UVD.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-ground
18 AuxE.UVG.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
under voltage auxiliary element
19 AuxE.UVG.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-phase
20 AuxE.UVS.U_Set 0~Unn 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
under voltage auxiliary element
21 AuxE.UVS.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for residual voltage
22 AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling residual voltage
auxiliary element
23 AuxE.ROV.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
When a fault occurs in power system, usually the fault current would be very large and phase
overcurrent protection operates monitoring fault current is then adopted to avoid further damage to
protected equipment. For application on feeder-transformer circuits, second harmonic can also be
selected to block phase overcurrent protection to avoid the effect of inrush current on the
protection. Phase overcurrent protection is non-direction.
1. Two-stage phase overcurrent protection with independent logic, current and time delay
settings.
2. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of phase overcurrent protection.
3.5.3.1 Overview
2. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each phase overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal from
harmonic element as a blocking input.
Where:
When the percentage of second harmonic component to fundamental component of any phase
current is greater than the setting [50/51P.K_Hm2], harmonic blocking element operates to block
stage x overcurrent element if corresponding logic setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk] is enabled.
Operation criterion:
Where:
If fundamental component of any phase current is lower than the minimum operating current
(0.1In), then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not
operate.
50/51Px
I3P 50/51Px.En
50/51Px.St
50/51Px.En1
50/51Px.StA
50/51Px.En2 50/51Px.StB
50/51Px.StC
50/51Px.Blk 50/51Px.Op
3.5.6 Logic
Logic diagram of phase overcurrent is shown in the following figure, including phase overcurrent
&
50/51Px.StA
SET Ia>[50/51Px.I_Set]
EN [50/51Px.En]
& &
SIG [50/51Px.En1] & 50/51Px.StC
&
SIG [50/51Px.En2] 50/51Px.En
SET [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk]
Where: x=1, 2
3.5.7 Settings
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 2 of phase
9. 50/51P2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
During normal operation of power system, there is trace residual current whereas a fault current
flows to earth will result in greater residual current. Therefore, residual current is adopted for the
calculation of earth fault protection. For application on feeder-transformer unit, second harmonic
also can be selected to block earth-fault protection to avoid the effect of sympathetic current on the
protection.
1. Two-stage earth-fault protection with independent logic, current and time delay settings.
2. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of earth fault protection.
3. Calculated residual current is used for the calculation of earth fault protection.
3.6.3.1 Overview
1. Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one independent overcurrent element.
2. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal of harmonic
blocking element as a blocking input.
Where:
In order to prevent effects of inrush current on earth-fault protection, harmonic blocking function
can be selected for each stage of earth-fault element by configuring logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Hm2_Blk] (x=1, 2).
Operation criterion:
Where:
If fundamental component of residual current is lower than the minimum operating current (0.1In)
then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not operate.
50/51Gx
I3P 50/51Gx.En
50/51Gx.En1 50/51Gx.St
50/51Gx.En2 50/51Gx.Op
50/51Gx.Blk
3.6.6 Logic
EN [50/51Gx.En]
&
SIG [50/51Gx.En1] &
50/51Gx.En
SIG [50/51Gx.En2]
SIG [50/51Gx.Blk]
& 50/51Gx.St
50/51Gx.t_Op 0ms
SET 3I0>[50/51Gx.3I0_Set] 50/51Gx.Op
SET [50/51Gx.En_Hm2_Blk]
Where:
x=1, 2
3.6.7 Settings
earth-fault protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
earth-fault protection
8 50/51G2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 2 of
9 50/51G2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 earth-fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Generally, fault current is very large when multi-phase fault occurs between CT and circuit breaker
(i.e. dead zone) and it will have a greater impact on the system. Breaker failure protection can
operate after a longer time delay, in order to clear the dead zone fault quickly and improve the
system stability, dead zone protection with shorter time delay (compared with breaker failure
protection) is adopted.
For some wiring arrangement (for example, circuit breaker is located between CT and the line), if
fault occurs between CT and circuit breaker, line protection can operate to trip circuit breaker
quickly, but the fault have not been cleared since local circuit breaker is tripped. Here dead zone
protection is needed in order to trip relevant circuit breaker.
The criterion for dead zone protection is: when dead zone protection is enabled, binary input of
initiating dead zone protection is energized (by default, three-phase tripping signal is used to
initiate dead zone protection), if overcurrent element for dead zone protection operates, then
corresponding circuit breaker is tripped and three phases normally closed contact of the circuit
breaker are energized, dead zone protection will operate to trip adjacent circuit breaker after a
time delay.
50DZ
50DZ.En1 50DZ.En
50DZ.En2
50DZ.St
50DZ.Blk
50DZ.Op
50DZ.Init
3.7.6 Logic
EN [50DZ.En]
&
SIG 50DZ.En1 &
50DZ.En
SIG 50DZ.En2
SIG 50DZ.Blk
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
50DZ.St
SET Ia > [50DZ.I_Set]
&
>=1 & [50DZ.t_Op] 0ms 50DZ.Op
SET Ib > [50DZ.I_Set]
SIG 50DZ.Init
3.7.7 Settings
Duplicated protection configurations are usually adopted for EHV power system, but the primary
equipment, circuit breaker, is not duplicated. Breaker failure protection is adopted to cater circuit
breaker tripping failure.
Breaker failure protection issues a back-up trip command to trip adjacent circuit breakers in case
of a tripping failure of the circuit breaker, and clears the fault as requested by the device. To utilize
the protection information of faulty equipment and the electrical information of failure circuit
breaker to constitute the criterion of breaker failure protection, it can ensure that the adjacent
circuit breakers of failure circuit breaker are tripped with a shorter time delay, so that the affected
area is minimized, and ensure stable operation of the entire power grid to prevent generators,
transformers and other components from seriously damaged.
The instantaneous re-tripping function, after receiving tripping signal from other device and the
corresponding phase overcurrent element operating, is available and provides phase-segregated
binary output contact, which can ensure the circuit breaker is still tripped in case the secondary
circuit between the device and the circuit breaker is abnormal, to avoid undesired tripping of
breaker failure protection and the expansion of the affected area. Instantaneous re-tripping
function does not block AR.
When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from line protection and the corresponding
phase overcurrent element operate, or both the three-phase tripping contact and any phase
overcurrent element operate, breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping command to
trip local circuit breaker after time delay of [50BF.t1_Op] and trip all adjacent circuit breakers after
time delay of [50BF.t2_Op].
When the protection element except undervoltage element within this device operates and issues
tripping signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated.
Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for generator or transformer fault, the
sensitivity of phase current element may not meet the requirements, residual current criterion and
negative-sequence current criterion are provided in addition to the phase overcurrent element for
breaker failure protection initiated by input signal [50BF.ExTrp3P_GT] from generator and
transformer protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic settings [50BF.En_3I0_3P] and
[50BF.En_I2_3P] respectively.
For some special fault (for example, mechanical protection or overvoltage protection operating),
maybe faulty current is very small and current criterion of breaker failure protection is not met, in
order to make breaker failure protection can also operate under the above situation, an input
signal [50BF.ExTrp_WOI] is equipped to initiate breaker failure protection, once the input signal is
energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit breaker is chosen in addition to breaker
failure current check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes current as priority with CB
auxiliary contact (52b) as an option criterion for breaker failure check.
50BF
50BF.ExTrp3P_L 50BF.En
50BF.ExTrp3P_GT 50BF.Op_ReTrpA
50BF.ExTrp_WOI 50BF.Op_ReTrpB
50BF.ExTrpA 50BF.Op_ReTrpC
50BF.ExTrpB 50BF.Op_ReTrp3P
50BF.ExTrpC 50BF.Op_t1
50BF.En 50BF.Op_t2
50BF.Blk
3.8.5 Logic
SIG 50BF.En
&
EN [50BF.En] 50BF.On
SIG 50BF.Blk
EN [50BF.En_ReTrp]
EN [50BF.En_3I0_1P] >=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
SET IA>[50BF.I_Set]
SET IB>[50BF.I_Set]
BI [50BF.ExTrp_WOI]
&
EN [50BF.En_3I0_3P] &
>=1
>=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
&
EN [50BF.En_I2_3P] &
SET I2>[50BF.I2_Set]
& [50BF.t1_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t1]
EN [50BF.En_CB_Ctrl] &
[50BF.t2_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t2]
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
SIG 50BF.On
Where:
BFI_A, BFI_B, BFI_C: Protection tripping signal of A-phase, B-phase and C-phase configured to
initiate breaker failure protection, please refer to Figure 3.12-1.
3.8.6 Settings
The pole discrepancy of circuit breaker may occur during operation of a breaker with segregated
operating gears for the three phases. The reason could be an interruption in the tripping/closing
circuits, or mechanical failure. A pole discrepancy can only be tolerated for a limited period. When
there is loading, zero-sequence or negative-sequence current will be generated in the power
system, which will result in overheat of the generator or the motor. With the load current increasing,
overcurrent elements based on residual current or negative-sequence current may operate. Pole
discrepancy protection is required to operate before the operation of these overcurrent elements.
Pole discrepancy protection determines three-phase breaker pole discrepancy condition by its
phase segregated CB auxiliary contacts. In order to improve the reliability of pole discrepancy
protection, the asymmetrical current component can be selected as addition criteria when needed.
62PD
62PD.En1 62PD.En
62PD.En2 62PD.St
62PD.Blk 62PD.Op
62PD.In_PD
3.9.5 Logic
Phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device. When the state
of three phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are inconsistent, pole discrepancy
protection will be started and initiate output after a time delay [62PD.t_Op].
Pole discrepancy protection can be blocked by external input signal [62PD.Blk]. In general, this
input signal is usually from the output of 1-pole AR initiation, so as to prevent pole discrepancy
protection from operation during 1-pole AR initiation.
SIG 62PD.En1
&
SIG 62PD.En2 &
62PD.En
EN [62PD.En]
BI [62PD.Blk] 62PD.St
&
BI [62PD.In_PD] [62PD.t_Op] 0ms 62PD.Op
EN [62PD.En_3I0/I2_Ctrl] >=1
SET 3I0>[62PD.3I0_Set] >=1
SET I2>[62PD.I2_Set]
Where:
3.9.6 Settings
negative-sequence current
criterion for pole discrepancy
protection
0: disable
1: enable
3.10 Synchrocheck
3.10.1 General Application
The purpose of synchrocheck is to ensure two systems are synchronism before they are going to
be connected.
When two asynchronous systems are connected together, due to phase difference between the
two systems, larger impact will be led to the system during closing. Thus auto-reclosing and
manual closing are applied with the synchrocheck to avoid this situation and maintain the system
stability. The synchrocheck includes synchronism check and dead charge check.
The synchronism check function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and compares
them with the corresponding settings. The output is only given if all measured quantities are
simultaneously within their set limits.
The dead charge check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage at both
sides of the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [25.U_Lv] and the
dead check setting [25.U_Dd]. The output is only given when the measured quantities comply with
the criteria.
Synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto-reclosing and manual closing for both
single-breaker and dual-breakers. Details are described in the following sections.
When used for the synchrocheck of single-breaker, comparative relationship between reference
voltage (UL) and incoming voltage (UB) for synchronism is as follows.
UL
UB
Figure 3.10-1 shows the characteristics of synchronism check element used for the auto-reclosing
if both line and busbar are live. The synchronism check element operates if voltage difference,
phase angle difference and frequency differency are all within their setting values.
[25.U_Lv]≤UB
[25.U_Lv] ≤UL
[25.U_Diff]≤|UB- UL|
UB.UL cosØ≥0
Where,
|f(UB)-f(UL)|≤[25.f_Diff]
If frequency check is disabled (i.e. [25.En_fDiffChk] is set as “0”), a detected maximum slip cycle
can also be determined by the following equation based on phase difference setting and the
synchronism check time setting:
f =[25.phi_Diff]/(180×[25.t_SynChk])
Where:
f is slip cycle
If frequency check is enabled (i.e. [25.En_fDiffChk] is set as “1”), then [25.t_SynChk] can be set to
be a very small value (default value is 50ms).
Voltage selection function is not required for this busbar arrangement, the connection of the
voltage signals and respective VT MCB auxiliary contacts to the device is shown in the Figure
3.10-2 and Figure 3.10-3.
VTS.En_LineVT=0 Bus
Ua
UL1 Ub CB
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
Line
VTS.En_LineVT=1 Bus
UB1 CB
MCB_VT_UB1
Ua
UL1 Ub
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1 Line
In the figures, the setting [VTS.En_LineVT] is used to determine protection voltage signals (Ua, Ub,
Uc) from line VT or bus VT according to the condition.
Bus2
Bus1
B1D B2D
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
UB2
MCB_VT_UB2
UB1D_Clsd
UB1D_Open CB
UB2D_Clsd
UB2D_Open
Ua
UL1 Ub
Line
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
For double busbars arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals from Bus 1 and Bus 2
for synchronizing are required. Line VT signal is taken as reference to check synchronizing with
the voltage after voltage selection function. Selection approach is as follows.
For the disconnector positions, the normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) contacts of the
disconnector for bus 1 and bus 2 are required to determine the disconnector open and closed
positions. The voltage selection logic is as follows.
BI UB1D_Clsd &
UB1_Sel
BI UB1D_Open
Voltage
Selection Logic
BI UB2D_Clsd &
UB2_Sel
BI UB2D_Open
&
Invalid_Sel
UB1 UB
UB2
After acquiring the disconnector open and closed positions of double busbars, use the following
logic to acquire the feeder voltage of double busbars.
If voltage selection is invalid (Invalid_Sel=1), keep original selection and without switchover.
For one and a half breakers arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals among Line1
VT, Line2 VT and Bus 2 VT as reference voltage to check synchronizing with Bus 1 voltage signal
for closing breaker at Bus 1 side.
Bus1
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
UB1D_Clsd
UB1D_Open B1D
Ua Line 1
UL1 Ub
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
L1D
UL1D_Clsd
UL1D_Open Line 2
UL2
MCB_VT_UL2
UL2D_Clsd
UL2D_Open
L2D
UB2D_Clsd
UB2D_Open
UB2
MCB_VT_UB2
B2D
Bus2
Figure 3.10-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the circuit breaker at bus side (take bus breaker of bus 1 as an example), the device acquires
the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders and bus 2. The voltage selection logic
is as follows.
BI UL1D_Clsd &
UL1_Sel
BI UL1D_Open
&
BI UL2D_Clsd & UL2_Sel
BI UL2D_Open
&
BI UB2D_Clsd & UB2_Sel
BI UB2D_Open
&
Invalid_Sel
UL1 UL
UL2
UB2
Figure 3.10-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the tie breaker, the device acquires the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders
and two busbars. Either Line 1 VT or Bus 1 VT signal is selected as reference voltage to check
synchronizing with the selected voltage between Line 2 VT and Bus 2 VT. The voltage selection
logic is as follows.
BI UL1D_Clsd &
UL1_Sel
BI UL1D_Open
&
BI UB1D_Clsd & UB1_Sel
BI UB1D_Open
&
UL1 UL
UB1
BI UL2D_Clsd &
UL2_Sel
BI UL2D_Open
&
BI UB2D_Clsd & UB2_Sel
BI UB2D_Open
>=1
& Invalid_Sel
UL2 UB
UB2
Figure 3.10-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
When the voltage selection fails (including VT circuit failure and MCB failure), the device will issue
the corresponding failure signal. If the voltage selection is invalid (Invalid_Sel=1), keep original
selection and without switchover.
In order to simplify description, one of the two voltages used in the synchrocheck (synchronism check
and dead charge check) which obtained after voltage selection function is regarded as line voltage,
and another is bus voltage.
If synchronism voltage from line VT or busbar VT is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or
dead line or busbar check, the synchronism voltage is monitored.
If the circuit breaker is in closed state (52b of three phases are de-energized), but the synchronism
voltage is lower than the setting [25.U_Lv], it means that synchronism voltage circuit fails and an
alarm [25.Alm_VTS_UB] or [25.Alm_VTS_UL] will be issued with a time delay of 10s.
If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic setting [25.En_NoChk] is set as “1”, synchronism voltage
is not required and synchronism voltage circuit failure supervision will be disabled.
When synchronism voltage circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.
After synchronism voltage reverted to normal condition, the alarm will be reset automatically with a
time delay of 10s.
3.10.4 Logic
These logic diagrams give the introduction to the working principles of the synchronism check and
dead charge check.
The frequency difference, voltage difference, and phase difference of voltages from both sides of
the circuit breaker are calculated in the device, they are used as input conditions of the
synchronism check.
When the synchronism check function is enabled and the voltages of both ends meets the
requirements of the voltage difference, phase difference, and frequency difference, and there is no
synchronism check blocking signal, it is regarded that the synchronism check conditions are met.
EN [25.En_SynChk]
SIG 25.Start_Chk
SIG UB>[25.U_Lv]
& &
SIG UL>[25.U_Lv] 50ms 0ms & [25.t_SynChk] 0ms 25.Ok_SynChk
SIG 25.Ok_UDiffChk
SIG 25.Ok_phiDiffChk
SIG 25.Ok_fDiffChk
The dead charge check conditions have three types, namely, live-bus and dead-line check,
dead-bus and live-line check and dead-bus and dead-line check. The above three modes can be
enabled and disabled by the corresponding logic settings. The device can calculate the measured
bus voltage and line voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker and compare them with the
settings [25.U_Lv] and [25.U_Dd]. When the voltage is higher than [25.U_Lv], the bus/line is
regarded as live. When the voltage is lower than [25.U_Dd], the bus/line is regarded as dead.
EN [25.En_DdL_DdB] &
25.Ok_DdL_DdB
EN [25.En_DdL_LvB] &
25.Ok_DdL_LvB
EN [25.En_LvL_DdB] &
25.Ok_LvL_DdB
SIG UL>[25.U_Lv]
SIG UL<[25.U_Dd]
SIG UB>[25.U_Lv]
SIG UB<[25.U_Dd]
SIG 25.Alm_VTS_UL
SIG 25.Ok_SynChk
>=1
EN 25.En_NoChk 25.Ok_Chk
SIG 25.Ok_DdChk
This device comprises two synchrocheck modules, correspond to circuit breaker 1 and circuit
breaker 2 respectively.
3.10.5 Settings
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Voltage selecting mode of bus.
0: A-phase voltage
1: B-phase voltage
2 25.Opt_Source_UB 0~5 1 2: C-phase voltage
3: AB-phase voltage
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
To maintain the integrity of the overall electrical transmission system, the device is installed on the
transmission system to isolate faulted segments during system disturbances. Faults caused by
lightning, wind, or tree branches could be transient in nature and may disappear once the circuit is
de-energized. According to statistics, for overhead transmission line, 80%~90% of the faults on
overhead lines are the transient faults. Auto-reclosing systems are installed to restore the faulted
section of the transmission system once the fault is extinguished (providing it is a transient fault).
For certain transmission systems, auto-reclosure is used to improve system stability by restoring
critical transmission paths as soon as possible.
Besides overhead lines, other equipment failure, such as cables, busbar, transformer fault and so
on, are generally permanent fault, and auto-reclosing is not initiated after faulty feeder is tripped.
For some mixed circuits, such as overhead line with a transformer unit, hybrid transmission lines,
etc., it is required to ensure that auto-reclosing is only initiated for faults overhead line section, or
make a choice according to the situation.
This auto-reclosing logic can be used with either integrated device or external device. When the
auto-reclosure is used with integrated device, the internal protection logic can initiate AR,
moreover, a tripping contact from external device can be connected to the device via opto-coupler
input to initiate integrated AR function.
When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can output some configurable output to initiate
external AR, such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated tripping contact, single-phase
tripping contact, three-phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR. According to
requirement, these contacts can be selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device to
initiate AR.
For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be 1-pole AR for single-phase fault and
3-pole AR for multi-phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault according to system
requirement. For persistent fault or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the device will
send final tripping command. The device will provide appropriate tripping command based on
faulty phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.
AR can be enabled or disabled by logic setting or external signal via binary input. When AR is
enabled, the device will output contact [79.On], otherwise, output contact [79.Off]. After some
reclosing conditions, such as, CB position, CB pressure and so on, is satisfied, the device will
output contact [79.Ready].
According to requirement, the device can be set as one-shot or multi-shot AR. When adopting
multi-shot AR, the AR mode of first time reclosing can be set as 1-pole AR, 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole
AR. The rest AR mode is only 3-pole AR and its number is determined by the maximum 3-pole
reclosing number.
For one-shot AR or first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be selected by logic setting
[79.En_1PAR], [79.En_3PAR] and [79.En_1P/3PAR] or external signal via binary inputs. When
3-pole or 1/3-pole AR mode is selected, the following three types of check modes can be selected:
dead charge check, synchronism check and no check.
79
79.En 79.On
79.Blk 79.Off
79.Sel_1PAR 79.Close
79.Sel_3PAR 79.Ready
79.Sel_1P/3PAR 79.AR_Blkd
79.Trp 79.Active
79.Trp3P 79.Inprog
79.TrpA 79.Inprog_1P
79.TrpB 79.Inprog_3P
79.TrpC 79.Inprog_3PS1
79.Lockout 79.Inprog_3PS2
79.PLC_Lost 79.Inprog_3PS3
79.WaitMaster 79.Inprog_3PS4
79.CB_Healthy 79.WaitToSlave
79.Clr_Counter 79.Prem_Trp1P
79.Ok_Chk 79.Prem_Trp3P
79.Rcls_Status
79.Fail_Rcls
79.Succ_Rcls
79.Fail_Chk
79.Mode_1PAR
79.Mode_3PAR
79.Mode_1/3PAR
breaker
Input signal for selecting 3-pole AR mode of corresponding circuit
4 79.Sel_3PAR
breaker
Input signal for selecting 1/3-pole AR mode of corresponding circuit
5 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
breaker
6 79.Trp Input signal of single-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
7 79.Trp3P Input signal of three-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
8 79.TrpA Input signal of A-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
9 79.TrpB Input signal of B-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
10 79.TrpC Input signal of C-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
Input signal of blocking reclosing, usually it is connected with the
11 79.LockOut operating signals of definite-time protection, transformer protection
and busbar differential protection, etc.
12 79.PLC_Lost Input signal of indicating the alarm signal that signal channel is lost
Input signal of waiting for reclosing permissive signal from master
13 79.WaitMaster
AR (when reclosing multiple circuit breakers)
The input for indicating whether circuit breaker has enough energy to
14 79.CB_Healthy
perform the close function
15 79.Clr_Counter Clear the reclosing counter
16 79.Ok_Chk Synchrocheck condition of AR is met
No. Output Signal Description
1 79.On Automatic reclosure is enabled
2 79.Off Automatic reclosure is disabled
3 79.Close Output of auto-reclosing signal
4 79.Ready Automatic reclosure have been ready for reclosing cycle
5 79.AR_Blkd Automatic reclosure is blocked
6 79.Active Automatic reclosing logic is actived
7 79.Inprog Automatic reclosing cycle is in progress
8 79.Inprog_1P The first 1-pole AR cycle is in progress
9 79.Inprog_3P 3-pole AR cycle is in progress
10 79.Inprog_3PS1 First 3-pole AR cycle is in progress
11 79.Inprog_3PS2 Second 3-pole AR cycle is in progress
12 79.Inprog_3PS3 Third 3-pole AR cycle is in progress
13 79.Inprog_3PS4 Fourth 3-pole AR cycle is in progress
Waiting signal of automatic reclosing which will be sent to slave
14 79.WaitToSlave
(when reclosing multiple circuit breakers)
Single-phase circuit breaker will be tripped once protection device
15 79.Prem_Trp1P
operates
Three-phase circuit breaker will be tripped once protection device
16 79.Prem_Trp3P
operates
Automatic reclosure status (0: AR is ready; 1: AR is in progress; 2:
17 79.Rcls_Status
AR is successful)
18 79.Fail_Rcls Auto-reclosing fails
3.11.5 Logic
3.11.5.1 AR Ready
For the first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be 1-pole AR or 3-pole AR, however, the
selection is valid only to the first reclosing, after that it can only be 3-pole AR.
When logic setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “1”, AR mode is determined by logic settings. When logic
setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “0”, AR mode is determined by external signal via binary inputs.
An auto-reclosure must be ready to operate before performing reclosing. The output signal
[79.Ready] means that the auto-reclosure can perform at least one time of reclosing function, i.e.,
breaker open-close-open.
When the device is energized or after the settings are modified, the following conditions must be
met before the reclaim time begins:
1. AR function is enabled.
2. The circuit breaker is ready, such as, normal storage energy and no low pressure signal.
3. The duration of the circuit breaker in closed position before fault occurrence is not less than
the setting [79.t_CBClsd].
After the auto-reclosure operates, the auto-reclosure must reset, i.e., [79.Active]=0, in addition to
the above conditions for reclosing again.
When there is a fault on an overhead line, the concerned circuit breakers will be tripped normally.
After fault is cleared, the tripping command will drop off immediately. In case the circuit breaker is
in failure, etc., and the tripping signal of the circuit breaker maintains and in excess of the time
delay [79.t_PersistTrp], AR will be blocked, as shown in the following figure.
En [79.En_PDF_Blk]
En [79.N_Rcls]=1
>=1
& 79.AR_Blkd
SIG Three phase trip
& >=1
&
EN [79.En] &
EN [79.En_ExtCtrl]
>=1
79.On
&
SIG 79.En &
SIG 79.Blk
The input signal [79.CB_Healthy] must be energized before auto-reclosure gets ready. Because
most circuit breakers can finish one complete process: open-closed-open, it is necessary that
circuit breaker has enough energy before reclosing. When the time delay of AR is exhausted, AR
will be blocked if the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] is still not energized within time delay
[79.t_CBReady]. If this function is not required, the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] can be not to
configure, and its state will be thought as “1” by default.
When the input signal [79.LockOut] is energized, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately. The
blocking flag of AR will be also controlled by the internal blocking condition of AR. When the
blocking flag of AR is valid, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately.
When a fault occurs under pole disagreement condition, blocking AR can be enabled or disabled.
The time delay [79.t_SecFault] is used to discriminate another fault which begins after 1-pole AR
initiated. AR will be blocked if another fault happens after this time delay if the logic setting
[79.En_PDF_Blk] is set as “1”, and 3-pole AR will be initiated if [79.En_PDF_Blk] is set as “1”.
AR will be blocked immediately once the blocking condition of AR appears, but the blocking
condition of AR will drop off with a time delay [79.t_DDO_BlkAR] after blocking signal disappears.
When one-shot and 1-pole AR is enabled, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately if there are
binary inputs of multi-phase CB position is energized.
When any protection element operates to trip, the device will output a signal [79.Active] until AR
drop off (Reset Command). Any tripping signal can be from external protection device or internal
protection element.
AR function can be enabled by internal logic settings of AR mode or external signal via binary
inputs in addition to internal logic setting [79.En]. When logic setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] is set as “1”,
AR enable are determined by external signal via binary inputs and logic settings. When logic
setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] set as “0”, AR enable are determined only by logic settings.
For one-shot reclosing, if 1-pole AR mode is selected, auto-reclosure will reset when there is
three-phase tripping signal or input signal of multi-phase open position.
3.11.5.2 AR Initiation
AR mode can be selected by external signal via binary inputs or internal logic settings. If the logic
setting [79.SetOpt] set as “1”, AR mode is determined by the internal logic settings. If the logic
settings [79.SetOpt] set as “0”, AR mode is determined by the external inputs.
AR can be initiated by tripping signal of line protection, and the tripping signal may be from internal
trip signal or external trip signal.
When selecting 1-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, line single-phase fault will trigger 1-pole AR. When AR
is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the single-phase tripping command is received, this
single-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 1-pole AR will be initiated after the
single-phase tripping command drops off. The single-phase tripping command kept in the device
will be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is
shown in Figure 3.11-2.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
1-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_1PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
When selecting 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, three-phase tripping will trigger 3-pole AR. When AR is
ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the three-phase tripping command is received, this
three-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 3-pole AR will be initiated after the
three-phase tripping command drops off. The three-phase tripping command kept in the device will
be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence. (Reset Command) Its logic is shown
in Figure 3.11-3.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
3-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_3PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
2. AR initiated by CB state
A logic setting [79.En_CBInit] is available for selection that AR is initiated by CB state. Under
normal conditions, when AR is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1), AR will be initiated if circuit
breaker is open and corresponding phase current is nil. AR initiated by CB state can be divided
into initiating 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR, their logics are shown in Figure 3.11-4 and Figure 3.11-5
respectively. Usually normally closed contact of circuit breaker is used to reflect CB state.
EN [79.En_CBInit]
SIG 79.Ready
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
EN [79.Sel_1PAR] >=1
EN [79.Sel_1P/3PAR]
3.11.5.3 AR Reclosing
After AR is initiated, the device will output the initiating contact of AR. For 1-pole AR, in order to
prevent pole discrepancy protection from maloperation under pole discrepancy conditions, the
contact of “1-pole AR initiation” can be used to block pole discrepancy protection.
When the dead time delay of AR expires after AR is initiated, as for 1-pole AR, the result of
synchronism check will not be judged, and reclosing command will be output directly. As far as the
3-pole AR, if the synchronism check is enabled, the release of reclosing command shall be subject
to the result of synchronism check. After the dead time delay of AR expires, if the synchronism
check is still unsuccessful within the time delay [79.t_wait_Chk], the signal of synchronism check
failure (79.Fail_Syn) will be output and the AR will be blocked. If 3-pole AR with no-check is
enabled, the condition of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) will always be established.
And the signal of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) from the synchronism check logic can
be applied by auto-reclosing function inside the device or external auto-reclosure device.
>=1
79.Inprog
>=1
SIG 3-pole AR Initiation [79.t_Dd_3PS1] 0ms & AR Pulse
79.Inprog_3P
79.Inprog_1P &
[79.t_Wait_Chk] 0ms 79.Fail_Chk
SIG 25.Ok_Chk
In case pilot protection adopting permissive scheme, when the communication channel is
abnormal, pilot protection will be disabled. In the process of channel abnormality, an internal fault
occurs on the transmission line, backup protection at both ends of line will operate to trip the circuit
breaker of each end. The operation time of backup protection at both ends of the line is possibly
non-accordant, whilst the time delay of AR needs to consider the arc-extinguishing and insulation
recovery ability for transient fault, so the time delay of AR shall be considered comprehensively
according to the operation time of the device at both ends. When the communication channel of
main protection is abnormal (input signal [79.PLC_Lost] is energized), and the logic setting
[79.En_AddDly] is set as “1”, then the dead time delay of AR shall be equal to the original dead
time delay of AR plus the extra time delay [79.t_AddDly], so as to ensure the recovery of insulation
intensity of fault point when reclosing after transient fault. This extra time delay [t_ExtendDly] is
only valid for the first shot AR.
>=1
BI [79.PLC_Lost]
&
SIG 79.Active
&
Extend AR time
EN [79.En_AddDly]
Reclosing pulse length may be set through the setting [79.t_DDO_AR]. For the circuit breaker
without anti-pump interlock, a logic setting [79.En_CutPulse] is available to control the reclosing
pulse. When this function is enabled, if the device operates to trip during reclosing, the reclosing
pulse will drop off immediately, so as to prevent multi-shot reclosing onto fault. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off with time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing.
EN [79.En_CutPulse]
The reclaim timer defines a time from the issue of the reclosing command, after which the
reclosing function resets. Should a new trip occur during this time, it is treated as a continuation of
the first fault. The reclaim timer is started when the CB closing command is given.
For transient fault, the fault will be cleared after the device operates to trip. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off after time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing. When the reclosing is unsuccessful or the reclosing condition is not met after AR
initiated, the reclosing will be considered as unsuccessful, including the following cases.
1. For one-shot AR, if the tripping command is received again within reclaim time after the
reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful.
2. For multi-shot AR, if the reclosing times are equal to the setting value of AR number and the
tripping command is received again after the last reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall
be considered as unsuccessful.
3. The logic setting [79.En_FailCheck] is available to judge whether the reclosing is successful
by CB state, when it is set as “1”. If CB is still in open position with a time delay [79.t_Fail] after
the reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful. For this case,
the device will issue a signal (79.Fail_Rcls) to indicate that the reclosing is unsuccessful, and
this signal will drop off after (Reset Command). AR will be blocked if the reclosing shall be
considered as unsuccessful.
SIG 79.AR_Blkd
>=1
SIG AR Pulse
&
[79.t_Fail] 0ms
SIG CB closed
&
EN [79.En_FailCheck]
&
0 [79.t_Fail] & 79.Succ_Rcls
After unsuccessful AR is confirmed, AR will be blocked. AR will not enter into the ready state
unless the circuit breaker position drops off , and can only begin to enter into the ready state again
after the circuit breaker is closed.
The device may be set up into one-shot or multi-shot AR. Through the setting [79.N_Rcls], the
maximum number of reclosing attempts may be set up to 4 times. Generally, only one-shot AR is
selected. Some corresponding settings may be hidden if one-shot AR is selected.
1. 1-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1-pole AR mode, 1-pole AR will be initiated
only for single-phase fault and respective faulty phase selected, otherwise, AR will be blocked. For
single-phase transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and 1-pole AR is
initiated. After the dead time delay for 1-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse,
and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and the device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1-pole AR mode, the first
reclosing is 1-pole AR, and the subsequent reclosing can only be 3-pole AR. For single-phase
transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and then 1-pole AR is initiated.
After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and
then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and then 3-pole AR is initiated. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS2].
After the time delay is expired, if the reclosing condition is met, the device will send reclosing pulse.
The sequence is repeated until the reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing
number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. If the first fault is multi-phase fault, the device operates to trip
three-phase and initiate 3-pole AR. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS1].
For the possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.11-2.
2. 3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 3-pole AR mode, line protection device will
operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be initiated. After the
dead time delay for 3-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the
auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For
permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the
device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached.
3. 1/3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1/3-pole AR mode, line protection device
will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 1-pole AR will be initiated for
single-phase fault and 3-pole AR will be initiated for multi-phase fault. After respective dead time
delay for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop
off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the
device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the device will output the
signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1/3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. For the
possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1/3-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.11-2.
The table below shows the number of reclose attempts with respect to the settings and AR modes.
3 1 2 0 3 1 3
4 1 3 0 4 1 4
Duplicated protection configurations are normally applied for UHV lines. If reclosing function is
integrated within line protections, the auto-reclosing function can be enabled in any or both of the
line protections without coordination.
If both sets of reclosing functions are enabled, when one of them first recloses onto a permanent
fault, the other will block the reclosing pulse according to the latest condition of the faulty phase.
For one-shot AR mode, if the current is detected in the faulty phase, AR will be blocked
immediately to prevent the circuit breaker from repetitive reclosing. For multi-shot AR mode, if the
current is detected in the faulty phase, the current reclosing pulse will be blocked and go into the
next reclosing pulse logic automatically. If the maximum permitted reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is
reached, the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim].
For one-shot or multi-shot AR, there is a corresponding reclosing counter at each stage. After
reclosing pulse is sent, the corresponding reclosing counter will plus 1 and the reclosing counter
may be cleared by the submenu “Clear Counter”. If the circuit breaker is reclosed by other
devices during AR initiation, the auto-reclosure will go into the next reclosing pulse logic.
The following two examples indicate typical time sequence of AR process for transient fault and
permanent fault respectively.
Signal
Fault
Trip
CB 52b
Open
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Ok_Chk
AR Out [79.t_PW_AR]
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls
Time
Signal
Fault
Trip
Open Open
52b
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_3PS2 [79.t_Dd_3PS2]
79.Ok_Chk
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls 200ms
Time
3.11.6 Settings
For any enabled protection tripping elements, their operation signal will convert to appropriate
tripping signals through trip logics and then trigger output contacts by configuration.
This module gathers signals from phase selection and protection tripping elements and then
converts the operation signal from protection tripping elements to appropriate tripping signals. The
device can implement phase-segregated tripping or three-phase tripping, and may output the
contact of blocking AR and the contact of initiating breaker failure protection.
2 TrpOut.Blk Trip blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or programmable logic etc.
Protection operation elements, includes phase overcurrent protection, earth fault
3 Op_CBProt protection, pole discrepancy protection, dead zone protection, breaker failure
protection and etc.
Input signal of permitting three-phase tripping
4 PrepTrp3P When this signal is valid, three-phase tripping will be adopted for any kind of
faults.
No. Output Signal Description
1 TrpOut.En Trip output is enabled
2 TrpA Tripping phase-A circuit breaker
3 TrpB Tripping phase-B circuit breaker
4 TrpC Tripping phase-C circuit breaker
5 Trp Tripping any phase of circuit breaker
6 Trp3P Tripping three-phase circuit breaker
Protection tripping signal of A-phase configured to initiate BFP, BFI signal shall be
7 BFI_A
reset immediately after tripping signal drops off.
Protection tripping signal of B-phase configured to initiate BFP, BFI signal shall be
8 BFI_B
reset immediately after tripping signal drops off.
Protection tripping signal of C-phase configured to initiate BFP, BFI signal shall be
9 BFI_C
reset immediately after tripping signal drops off.
3.12.4 Logic
0 t_Dwell_Trp
&
>=1
50BF.Op_ReTrpA t_Dwell_Trp 0
SIG & TrpA
SIG Ia>0.06In
0 t_Dwell_Trp
&
>=1
50BF.Op_ReTrpB t_Dwell_Trp 0
SIG & TrpB
SIG Ib>0.06In
0 t_Dwell_Trp
&
>=1
50BF.Op_ReTrpC t_Dwell_Trp 0
SIG & TrpC
SIG Ic>0.06In
>=1
>=1 Trp
0 t_Dwell_Trp
&
&
SIG 50/51Px.Op
All operation elements (except for re-tripping element) are 3 phase tripping elements.
3.12.5 Settings
The purpose of VT circuit supervision is to detect whether VT circuit is normal. Some protection
functions should be disabled when VT circuit fails.
VT circuit failure can be caused by many reasons, such as fuse blown due to short-circuit fault,
poor contact of VT circuit, VT maintenance and so on. The device can detect them and issue an
alarm signal to block relevant protection functions. However, the alarm of VT circuit failure should
not be issued when the following cases happen.
2. Only current protection functions are enabled and VT is not connected to the device.
VT circuit supervision can detect failure of single-phase, two-phase and three-phase on protection
VT. Under normal condition, the device continuously supervises input voltage from VT, VT circuit
failure signal will be activated if residual voltage exceeds the threshold value or positive-sequence
voltage is lower than the threshold value. If the device is under pickup state due to system fault or
other abnormality, VT circuit supervision will be disabled.
Under normal conditions, the device detect residual voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine
single-phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three times positive-sequence voltage less
than Unn to determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting abnormality on VT circuit, an
alarm will comes up after a time delay of [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with a time delay of
[VTS.t_DDO] after VT circuit restored to normal.
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary input can be connected to the binary
input circuit of the device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized), the device will
consider the VT circuit is not in a good condition and issues an alarm without a time delay. If the
auxiliary contact is not connected to the device, VT circuit supervision will be issued with time
delay as mentioned in previous paragraph.
When VT is not connected into the device, the alarm will be not issued if the logic setting
[VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1”. However, the alarm is still issued if the binary input [VTS.MCB_VT]
is energized, no matter that the logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1” or “0”.
When VT neutral point fails, third harmonic of residual voltage is comparatively large. If third
harmonic amplitude of residual voltage is larger than 0.2Unn and without operation of fault
detector element, VT neutral point failure alarm signal [VTNS.Alm] will be issued after a time delay
of [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with a time delay of [VTS.t_DDO] after three phases voltage restored
to normal.
VTS VTNS
VTS.Blk VTNS.Blk
VTS.MCB_VT
3.13.5 Logic
SIG 3U0>0.08Unn
>=1
SIG 3U1<Unn &
>=1
EN [VTS.En_LineVT] &
SIG 52b_3P
&
>=1
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
BI [VTS.MCB_VT]
&
EN [VTS.En] VTS.t_DPU VTS.t_DDO VTS.Alm
&
SIG [VTS.En]
SIG [VTS.Blk]
SIG [VTNS.Blk]
3.13.6 Settings
The purpose of the CT circuit supervision is to detect any abnormality on CT secondary circuit.
CTS
CTS.En CTS.Alm
CTS.Blk
3.14.5 Logic
4 Supervision
Table of Contents
List of Tables
4.1 Overview
Protection system is in quiescent state under normal conditions, and it is required to respond
promptly for faults which occurr on power system. When the device is in energizing process before
the LED “HEALTHY” is on, the device need to be checked to ensure no abnormality. Therefore,
the automatic supervision function, which checks the health of the protection system when startup
and during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a defect is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the device,
the device will be blocked with indication and alarm of relay out of service. It is suggested a trial
recovery of the device by re-energization. Please contact supplier if the device is still failure.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed by a LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. The failure alarm is also recorded in event recording report
and can be printed If required.
A minor abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other functions
can still work. However, if severe hardware failure or abnormality, such as PWR module failure,
DC converter failure and so on, are detected, all protection functions will be blocked and the LED
“HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking output contacts BO_FAIL will be given. The
protective device then can not work normally and maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
All the alarm signals and the corresponding handling suggestions are listed below.
NOTE!
If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnostic record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notify the factory NR. Please do not simply press button “TARGET RESET” on the
protection panel or re-energize on the device.
Blocking
No. Item Description
Device
Fail Signals
The device fails.
1 Fail_Device This signal will be pick up if any fail signal picks up Blocked
and it will drop off when all fail signals drop off.
operation state.
Please check secondary values and protection settings. If settings are not set
reasonable to make fault detectors pick up, please reset settings, and then
22 Alm_Pkp_I0
the alarm message will disappear and the device will restore to normal
operation state.
Please check the corresponding VT secondary circuit. After the abnormality is
23 VTS.Alm
eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the corresponding VT secondary circuit of neutral point. After
24 VTNS.Alm
the abnormality is eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the corresponding CT secondary circuit. After the abnormality is
25 CTS.Alm
eliminated, the device returns to normal operation state.
Please check the auxiliary contact of CB. After the abnormality is eliminated,
26 Alm_52b
the device returns to normal operation state.
After maintenance is finished, please de-energized the binary input
27 BI_Maintenance [BI_Maintenance] and then the alarm will disappear and the device restore to
normal operation state.
2. check whether the wiring connection between the device and the clock
synchronization source is correct
28 Alm_TimeSync 3. check whether the setting for selecting clock synchronization (i.e.
[Opt_TimeSync]) is set correctly. If there is no clock synchronization, please
set the setting [Opt_TimeSync] as ”No TimeSync”.
When any fault detector picks up for longer than 50s, an alarm will be issued [Alm_Pkp_FD]
If 52b of three phases are energized that indicates circuit breaker is open but current is still
detected in the line (the measured current is greater than a settable threshold value) or
three-phase circuit breaker is in pole disagreement condition, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be
issued after 10s.
GOOSE alarm signal indicating that there is a network storm occurring on the
1 GAlm_AStorm_SL
network A.
GOOSE alarm signal indicating that there is a network storm occurring on the
2 GAlm_BStorm_SL
network B.
4 Namexx.GAlm_ADisc_SL_xx GOOSE alarm signal indicating that network A for Namexx is disconnected.
5 Namexx.GAlm_BDisc_SL_xx GOOSE alarm signal indicating that network B for Namexx is disconnected.
These are GOOSE alarm reports. When any alarm message is issued, the LED “ALARM” is lit without
the device being blocked. After the abnormality is removed, the device will return to normal with the
LED “ALARM” being distinguished automatically.
6 Namexx.GAlm_Cfg_SL_xx Please check the GOOSE configuration file and the network
Namexx is the name defined by the setting [Linkxx], xx=01, 02, 03, …, 64
5 Management
Table of Contents
5.1 Measurement
PCS-921 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The current full
scale of relay is 40 times of rated current, and there is no effect to the performance of IED due to
overflowing of current full scale. The device samples 24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS
value in each interval and updated the LCD display in every 0.5 second. The measurement data
can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local/remote PC via software tool.
Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through LCD screen.
This device can be used for one or two circuit breaker configuration. If it is used for two circuit
breakers configuration, some corresponding metering will be suffixed by CBn (n is the number of
the CB and it can be 1 and 2).
1. RMS Values
Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “Measurements “ and
press key “ENT” to enter, and then select submenu “Measurements1” (from protection DSP) or
“Measurements2” (from fault detector DSP). Press key “ENT” to display corresponding
measurement values as below on the LCD.
2. Phase Angle
1 Ang(Ua-Ub) Phase angle difference for A-phase voltage relative to B-phase voltage
2 Ang(Ub-Uc) Phase angle difference for B-phase voltage relative to C-phase voltage
3 Ang(Uc-Ua) Phase angle difference for C-phase voltage relative to A-phase voltage
4 Ang(Ua-Ia) Phase angle difference for A-phase voltage relative to A-phase current
5 Ang(Ub-Ib) Phase angle difference for B-phase voltage relative to B-phase current
6 Ang(Uc-Ic) Phase angle difference for C-phase voltage relative to C-phase current
7 Ang(Ia-Ib) Phase angle difference for A-phase current relative to B-phase current
8 Ang(Ib-Ic) Phase angle difference for B-phase current relative to C-phase current
9 Ang(Ic-Ia) Phase angle difference for C-phase current relative to A-phase current
Access path:
2) Select the item “Measurements “ and press key “ENT” to enter, and then
4) Press key “ENT” to display corresponding measurement values as below on the LCD.
The frequency difference between reference side and incoming side for CB
32 f_Diff Hz
synchronism-check.
The df/dt difference between reference side and incoming side for CB
33 df/dt Hz/s
synchronism-check.
5.2 Recording
5.2.1 Overview
PCS-921 provides the following recording functions:
1. Event recording
2. Disturbance recording
3. Present recording
All the recorded information except waveform can be viewed on local LCD or by printing.
Waveform could only be printed or extracted with PCS-Explorer software tool and a waveform
analysis software.
When any protection element operates or drops off, such as fault detector, distance protection etc.,
they will be logged in event records.
The device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or abnormal
condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged in event
records.
When there is a binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged in event records.
When the total number of control command records reaches 256, “Control_Logs” memory area
will be full. If the device receives a new control command now, the oldest control command record
will be deleted, and then the latest control command record will be stored and displayed.
If an operator implements some operations on the device, such as reboot protective device,
modify setting, etc., they will be logged in event records.
Disturbance records can be used to have a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. Analysis of
the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.4.2 Design
A disturbance record consists of fault record and fault waveform. A disturbance record is initiated
by fault detector element.
The device can store up to 64 disturbance records with waveform in non-volatile memory. It is
based on first in first out queue that the oldest disturbance record will be overwritten by the latest
one.
1. Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the record and displayed on LCD
screen.
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via clock synchronized
device if connected. The date and time is recorded when a system fault is detected.
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the record.
4. Faulty phase
5. Protection elements
MON module can store 64 pieces of fault waveform oscillogram in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 64 fault waveform have been stored, the oldest will be overwritten by the latest
one.
Each fault record consists of all analog and digital quantities related to protection, such as original
current and voltage, differential current, alarm elements, and binary inputs and etc.
Each time recording includes 12-cycle pre-fault waveform, and 250 cycles at least and 500 cycles
at most can be recorded.
Each time recording includes 12-cycle waveform before triggering, and 250 cycles at most can be
recorded.
6 Hardware
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 6.3-9 View of AI plug-in module (without synchronism voltage switchover) ......... 6-17
Figure 6.3-10 View of AI plug-in module (with synchronism voltage switchover) ............. 6-18
List of Tables
Table 6.3-1 Terminal definition and description of PWR plug-in module ............................ 6-10
Table 6.3-2 Terminal definition of AI module (without synchronism voltage switchover) 6-17
Table 6.3-3 Terminal definition of AI module (with synchronism voltage switchover) ...... 6-18
PCS-921 is comprised of intelligent plug-in modules, except that few particular plug-in modules’
position cannot be changed in the whole device (gray plug-in modules as shown in Figure 6.1-1),
other plug-in modules like AI (analog input) and IO (binary input and binary output) can be flexibly
configured in the remaining slot positions.
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-921 has 16 slots, PWR plug-in module, MON plug-in module and DSP plug-in module are
assigned at fixed slots.
Besides 4 fixed modules are shown in above figure, there are 12 slots can be flexibly configured.
AI plug-in module, BI plug-in module and BO plug-in module can be configured at position
between slot 02, 03 and 06~15. It should be pay attention that AI plug-in module will occupy two
slots.
This device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and the new
platform major characteristics are of high reliability, networking and great capability in
anti-interference. See Figure 6.1-2 for hardware diagram.
Output Relay
Binary Input
External
Protection
Conventional CT/VT A/D Calculation
DSP
ECVT
Fault
A/D Detector Pickup
DSP Relay
ECVT
ETHERNET
LCD +E
Clock SYN
Power
Uaux LED CPU
Supply
RJ45
Keypad
PRINT
The working process of the device is as shown in above figure: current and voltage from
conventional CT/VT are converted into small voltage signal and sent to DSP module after filtered
and A/D conversion for protection calculation and fault detector respectively (ECVT signal is sent
to the device without small signal and A/D convertion). When DSP module completes all the
protection calculation, the result will be recorded in 32-bit CPU on MON module. DSP module
carries out fault detector, protection logic calculation, tripping output, and MON module perfomes
SOE (sequence of event) record, waveform recording, printing, communication between the
device and SAS and communication between HMI and CPU. When fault detector detects a fault
and picks up, positive power supply for output relay is provided.
The items can be flexibly configured depending on the situations like sampling method of the
device (conventional CT/VT or ECT/EVT), and the mode of binary output (conventional binary
output or GOOSE binary output). The configurations for PCS-900 series based on microcomputer
are classified into standard and optional modules.
MON module provides functions like communication with SAS, event record, setting
management etc.
AI module converts AC current and voltage from current transformers and voltage
transformers respectively to small voltage signal.
DSP module performs filtering, sampling, protection calculation and fault detector calculation.
BI module provides binary inputs via opto-couplers with rating voltage among
24V/110V/125V/220V/250V (configurable).
BO module provides output contacts for tripping, and signal output contact for annunciation
signal, remote signal, fault and disturbance signal, operation abnormal signal etc.
PWR module converts DC 250/220/125/110V into various DC voltage levels for modules of
the device.
HMI module is comprised of LCD, keypad, LED indicators and multiplex RJ45 ports for user
as human-machine interface.
NET-DSP module receives and sends GOOSE messages, sampled values (SV) from
merging unit by IEC61850-9-2 protocol.
PCS-921 series is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for flush mounting. Components mounted on
its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 20 LED indicators and a multiplex
RJ45 port. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the equipment for these functions.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-9 21
2 12
ALARM BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
20 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), self-supervision (ALARM),
others are configurable.
For the 9-button keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “group number” and “ESC” is “escape”.
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1161 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
ON
OFF
DANGER
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1161 NR1504 NR1521A NR1521C NR1521C NR1521F NR1301
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
0203
Ib BI_01 + 0802
0204
…
0206 Ic
BI_06 + 0807
0213
BI_07 + 0809
Protection Voltage
0214 Ua
0215
…
0216 Ub
0218 Uc
Not used 0815
0220 UB1
…
0221
0222 UL2
BI_18 + 0821
0223
0224 UB2 0822
-
1101
Controlled by fault
BO_01
detector element
1102
P110 1103
PWR+
External DC power Power BO_02 1104
supply P111 Supply
…
PWR- 1121
OPTO+ P107 BO_11 1122
Power supply for
opto-coupler (24V) P108
OPTO-
1201
Signal Binary Output
BO_01 1202
1203
BO_02 1204
P102 BO_FAIL
…
P103 1221
BO_ALM
BO_11 1222
P101 COM
P105 BO_FAIL
P106 1301
Signal Binary Output
BO_ALM
BO_01 1302
P104 COM
(option)
1303
BO_02 1304
…
1321
BO_11 1322
A 0101
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
B 0102
COM
1503
SYN+ 0101 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
Clock SYN
SYN- 0102
…
BO_CtrlCls5
PRINT
P112
0225
Grounding
Bus
PCS-921 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
PCS-921 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
NET-DSP Module
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
BO module
BO module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
BI_01 + 0801
MU
Phase B BI_02 + 0803
(LC Type)
Up to 8
Phase C TX - 0804
terminal
BI_03 + 0805
…
- 0806
…
BI_11 + 0821
- 0822
PWR+ P110
External DC power Power 1101
Controlled by fault
BO_01
detector element
supply P111 Supply 1102
PWR-
OPTO+ P107 1103
Power supply for BO_02 1104
opto-coupler (24V) P108
OPTO-
…
1121
BO_11 1122
1201
…
1221
P106 BO_ALM BO_11 1222
P104 COM
1501
BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
Signal Binary Output (option)
1503
A 0101 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
B 0102
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
…
SGND 0103
1517
0104 BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SYN+ 0101 1519
Clock SYN
RTS 0105
PRINTER
IRIG-B
PRINT
TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front) P112
0225 Grounding
Bus
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECT/EVT), the
merging unit will merge the sample data from ECT/EVT, and then send it to the device through
multi-mode optical fibre. DSP module receives the data from merging unit through the optical-fibre
interface to complete the protection calculation and fault detector.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECT/EVT and the hardware platform
based on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sampled values only, and the device
receives the sampled value from merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
6.2.3 CT Requirement
-Rated primary current Ipn:
-Rated short-time thermal current Ith and rated dynamic current Idyn:
Performance verification
For example:
= 30×5×(1+60/25)=510V
Esl′ = 2×Ipcf×Isn×(Rct+Rb)/Ipn
= 2×Ipcf ×Isn×(Rct+(Rr+2×RL+Rc))/Ipn
= 2×40000×5×(1+(0.1+2×0.5+0.1))/2000=440V
The +5V DC output provides power supply for all the electrical elements that need +5V DC power
supply in this device.
The use of an external miniature circuit breaker is recommended. The miniature circuit breaker
must be in the on position when the device is in operation and in the off position when the device is
in cold reserve.
A 12-pin connector is fixed on PWR module. The terminal definition of the connector is described
as below.
NR1301A
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
The power switch in the dotted box of above figure maybe is not existed.
01
BO_FAIL
02
BO_ALM
03
04
BO_FAIL
05
BO_ALM
06
NOTE!
The standard rated voltage of PWR module is self-adaptive to 88~300Vdc. If input voltage
is out of range, an alarm signal (Fail_Device) will be issued. For non-standard rated
voltage power supply module please specify when place order, and check if the rated
voltage of power supply module is the same as the voltage of power source before the
device being put into service.
PWR module provides terminal 12 and grounding screw for device grounding. Terminal 12
shall be connected to grounding screw and then connected to the earth copper bar of
panel via dedicated grounding wire.
Effective grounding is the most important measure for a device to prevent EMI, so effective
grounding must be ensured before the device is put into service.
PCS-921, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These
capacitors are well known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied
periodically. Deterioration can be avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module comprises 100BaseT Ethernet
interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces that exchange information with above system by
using IEC 61850, PPS/IRIG-B differential time synchronization interface and RS-232 printing
interface.
Modules with various combinations of memory and interface are available as shown in the table
below.
TX TX
ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET
RX RX
TX TX
RX RX
ETHERNET ETHERNET
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
4 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock Twisted pair wire
RS-485
03 SGND synchronization
NR1102D 128M DDR
04
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA Twisted pair wire
2 FO Ethernet To SCADA Optical fibre SC
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock
RS-485 Twisted pair wire
NR1102H 128M DDR 03 SGND synchronization
04
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA Twisted pair wire
2 FO Ethernet To SCADA Optical fibre ST
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock
RS-485 Twisted pair wire
NR1102I 128M DDR 03 SGND synchronization
04
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA
01 A
02 B
RS-485 To SCADA
03 SGND
04
05 A
06 B Twisted pair wire
NR1101E 128M DDR RS-485 To SCADA
07 SGND
08
09 SYN+
10 SYN- To clock
RS-485
11 SGND synchronization
12
RS-232 13 RTS To printer Cable
14 TXD
15 SGND
16
The correct connection is shown in Figure 6.3-4. Generally, the shielded cable with two pairs of
twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to connect
the “+” and “–” terminals of difference signal. The other pair of twisted pairs are used to connect
the signal ground of the communication interface. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports. The free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device, and it is
used to connect the external shields of the cable when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of the cable shall be grounded at one of the ends only.
485-1B 02
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
SGND 03
04
Clock SYN
SYN- 02
SGND 03
04
SGND 07
For AI module, if the plug is not put in the socket, external CT circuit is closed itself. Just shown as
below.
Plug
Socket
In
Out
In
Out
There are two types of AI module with rating 5 A or 1 A. Please declare which kind of AI module is
needed before ordering. Maximum linear range of the current converter is 40In.
Three phase currents (Ia, Ib and Ic) are input to AI module separately, terminal 01, 03 and 05 are
polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side. Three phase
voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) are input to AI module, terminal 13, 15 and 17 are polarity marks.
P2 S2
P1 S1
02 01
04 03
06 05
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
The synchronism voltage can be connected to terminal 19 and 20 (terminal 19 is polarity mark).
Ia 01 Ian 02
NR1401
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
Us 19 Usn 20
21 22
23 24
UB1, UB2 and UL2 are the synchronism voltage from bus VT and line VT used for synchrocheck, it
could be any phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage. The device can automatically
switch synchronism voltage according to auxiliary contact of CB position or DS position.
Ia 01 Ian 02
NR1401
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
UB1 19 UB1n 20
UL2 21 UL2n 22
UB2 23 UB2n 24
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
NR1161
This device can be equipped with 2 DSP plug-in modules at most and 1 DSP plug-in module at
least. The default DSP plug-in module is necessary, which mainly is responsible for protection
function including fault detector and protection calculation.
The module consists of high-performance double DSP (digital signal processor), 16-digit
high-accuracy ADC that can perform synchronous sampling and manage other peripherals. One
of double DSP is responsible for protection calculation, and can fulfill analog data acquisition,
protection logic calculation and tripping output. The other is responsible for fault detector, and can
fulfill analog data acquisition, fault detector and providing power supply to output relay.
When the module is connected with conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through AI plug-in module. When the module is connected with ECT/EVT, it can
receive the real-time synchronous sampled value from merging unit through NET-DSP plug-in
module.
The other module is optional and it is not required unless control and manual closing with
synchronism check are equppied with this device. The default DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot
04 and the option DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot 06.
NR1136A NR1136C
RX
This module consists of high-performance DSP (digital signal processor), 2~8 100Mbit/s
optical-fibre interface (LC type) and selectable IRIG-B interface (ST type). It supports GOOSE and
SV by IEC 61850-9-2 protocols. It can receive and send GOOSE messages to intelligent control
device, and receive SV from MU (merging unit).
This module supports IEEE1588 network time protocol, E2E and P2P defined in IEEE1588
protocol can be selected.This module supports Ethernet IEEE802.3 time adjustment message
format, UDP time adjustment message format and GMRP.
Each BI module is with a 22-pin connector for 11 binary inputs (NR1503) or 18 binary inputs
(NR1504).
For NR1503, each binary input has independent negative power input of opto-coupler, and can be
configurable. The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below.
[BI_n] (n=01, 02, …,11 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
BI_01 01
NR1503 Opto01- 02
BI_02 03
Opto02- 04
BI_03 05
Opto03- 06
BI_04 07
Opto04- 08
BI_05 09
Opto05- 10
BI_06 11
Opto06- 12
BI_07 13
Opto07- 14
BI_08 15
Opto08- 16
BI_09 17
Opto09- 18
BI_10 19
Opto10- 20
BI_11 21
Opto11- 22
For NR1504, all binary inputs share one common negative power input, and is configurable. The
terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below. [BI_n] (n=01,
02,…,18 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
Opto+ 01
NR1504 BI_01 02
BI_02 03
BI_03 04
BI_04 05
BI_05 06
BI_06 07
08
BI_07 09
BI_08 10
BI_09 11
BI_10 12
BI_11 13
BI_12 14
15
BI_13 16
BI_14 17
BI_15 18
BI_16 19
BI_17 20
BI_18 21
COM- 22
First four binary signals (BI_01, BI_02, BI_03, BI_04) in first BI plug-in module are fixed, they are
[BI_TimeSyn], [BI_Print], [BI_Maintenance] and [BI_RstTarg] respectively.
It is used to receive clock synchronization signal from clock synchronization device, the binary
input [BI_TimeSyn] will change from “0” to “1” once pulse signal is received. When the device
adopts “Conventional” mode as clock synchronization mode (refer to section “Communication
Settings”), the device can receives PPM (pulse per minute) and PPS (pulse per second). If the
setting [Opt_TimeSyn] is set as other values, this binary input is invalid.
It is used to manually trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_AutoPrint]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_AutoPrint]=1), report will be printed
automatically as soon as it is formed.
It is used to block communication export when this binary input is energized. During device
maintenance or testing, this binary input is then energized not to send reports via communication
port, local display and printing still work as usual. This binary input should be de-energized when
The application of the binary input [BI_Maintenance] for digital substation communication adopting
IEC61850 protocol is given as follows.
a) The protection device should send the state of this binary input to client.
b) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the sent message changes
to “1”.
c) When this binary input is energized, the client cannot control the isolator link and circuit
breaker, modify settings and switch setting group remotely.
d) According to the value of the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the message sent, the client
discriminate whether this message is maintenance message, and then deal with it correspondingly.
If the message is the maintenance message, the content of the message will not be displayed on
real-time message window, audio alarm not issued, but the picture is refreshed so as to ensure
that the state of the picture is in step with the actual state. The maintenance message will be
stored, and can be inquired, in independent window.
a) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” in the GOOSE message sent by the
protection device changes to “1”.
b) For the receiving end of GOOSE message, it will compare the value of the bit “Test” in the
GOOSE message received by it with the state of its own binary input (i..e [BI_Maintenance]), the
message will be thought as invalid unless they are conformable.
a) When this binary input of merging unit is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling
data in the SV message sent change “1”.
b) For the receiving end of SV message, if the value of bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling data
in the SV message received is “1”, the relevant protection functions will be disabled, but under
maintenance state, the protection device should calculate and display the magnitude of sampling
data.
c) For duplicated protection function configurations, all merging units of control module
configured to receive sampling should be also duplicated. Both dual protection devices and dual
merging units should be fully independent each other, and one of them is in maintenance state will
not affect the normal operation of the other.
It is used to reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing a button
on the panel.
Note!
The rated voltage of binary input is optional: 24V, 48V, 110V, 125V, 220V or 250V, which
must be specified when placed order. It is necessary to check whether the rated voltage of
BI module complies with site DC supply rating before put the relay in service.
01
BO_01
NR1521A 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
01
BO_01
NR1521C 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
BO plug-in module (NR1521F) is dedicatedly for remote/manual open or closing to circuit breaker,
disconnector and earth switch. 5 pairs of binary outputs (one for open and the other for closing)
can be provided by this BO plug-in module configured in slot 15 if measurement and control
function is equipped with the device. Up to 10 pairs of binary outputs can be provided by two BO
plug-in modules that can be configured in slot 14 and 15 respectively. (BO plug-in module
configured in slot 14 is optional if open or closing contacts is not enough)
A normally open contact is presented via terminal 21-22 designated as ROS (i.e. remote operation
signal). Whenever any of binary output contacts for open or closing is closed, ROS contact will
close to issue a signal indicating that this device is undergoing a remote operation.
01
BO_CtrlOpn01
NR1521F 02
03
BO_CtrlCls01
04
05
BO_CtrlOpn02
06
07
BO_CtrlCls02
08
09
BO_CtrlOpn03
10
11
BO_CtrlCls03
12
13
BO_CtrlOpn04
14
15
BO_CtrlCls04
16
17
BO_CtrlOpn05
18
19
BO_CtrlCls05
20
21
BO_Ctrl
22
7 Settings
Table of Contents
List of Tables
The device has some setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, equipment parameters are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero-sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
IP address of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
Subnet mask of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. When the IEC
61850 protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Gateway
5. En_Broadcast
This setting is only used only for IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. If NR network IEC 60870-5-103
protocol is used, the setting must be set as “1”.
6. Addr_RS485A, Addr_RS485B
They are the device′s communication address used to communicate with the SCADA or RTU via
serial ports (port A and port B).
7. Baud_RS485A, Baud_RS485B
8. Protocol_RS485A, Protocol_RS485B
1: Modbus Protocol
2: Reserved
Note!
Above table listed all the communication settings, the device delivered to the user maybe
only show some settings of them according to the communication interface configuration.
If only the Ethernet ports are applied, the settings about the serial ports (port A and port B)
are not listed in this submenu. And the settings about the Ethernet ports only listed in this
submenu according to the actual number of Ethernet ports.
The standard arrangement of the Ethernet port is two, at most four (predetermined when
ordering). Set the IP address according to actual arrangement of Ethernet numbers and
the un-useful port/ports need not be configured. If PCS-Explorer configuration tool
auxiliary software is connected with this device through the Ethernet, the IP address of the
PCS-Explorer must be set as one of the available IP address of this device.
9. Threshold_Measmt
10. Period_Measmt
The time period for equipment sends measurement data to SCADA through IEC 60870-5-103
protocol.
11. Format_Measmt
The setting is used to select the format of measurement data sent to SCADA through IEC
60870-5-103 protocol.
1: GDD data type through IEC103 protocol is 7, i.e. 754 short real number of IEEE standard
12. Baud_Printer
13. En_AutoPrint
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as “1”. Otherwise, it
should be set to “0”.
14. Opt_TimeSyn
There are four selections for clock synchronization of device, shown as follows.
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
SAS
Advanced
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
When no time synchronization signal is connected to the device, please select this option and the
alarm message [Alm_TimeSyn] will not be issued anymore.
“Conventional” mode and “SAS” mode are always be supported by the device, but “Advanced”
mode is only supported when NET-DSP module is equipped. The alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]
may be issued to remind user loss of time synchronization signals.
1) When “SAS” is selected, if there is no conventional clock synchronization signal, the device
will not send the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]. When “Conventional” mode is selected, if there
is no conventional clock synchronization signal, “SAS” mode will be enabled automatically
with the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] issued simultaneously.
3) When “NoTimeSyn” mode is selected, the device will not send alarm signals without time
synchronization signal. But the device can be still synchronized if receiving time
synchronization signal.
Note!
The clock message via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol is invalid when the device receives the
IRIG-B signal through RCS-485 port.
15. IP_Server_SNTP
It is the address of the SNTP time synchronization server which sends SNTP timing messages to
the relay or BCU.
If the IEC61850 protocol is adopted in substations, the time tags of communication messages are
required according to UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) time.
The setting [OffsetHour_UTC] is used to set the hour offset of the current time zone to the GMT
(Greenwich Mean Time) zone; for example, if a relay is applied in China, the time zone of China is
east 8th time zone, so this setting is set as “8”. The setting [OffsetMinute_UTC] is used to set the
minute offset of the current time zone to the GMT zone.
st nd rd th th
Time zone GMT zone East 1 East 2 East 3 East 4 East 5
Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5
th th th th th th
Time zone East 6 East 7 East 8 East 9 East 10 East 11
Setting 6 7 8 9 10 11
th st nd rd th th
Time zone East/West 12 West 1 West 2 West 3 West 4 West 5
Setting 12/-12 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
th th th th th th
Time zone West 6 West 7 West 8 West 9 West 10 West 11
Setting -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11
2. Opt_Caption_103
0: Current language
1: Fixed Chinese
2: Fixed English
Default value of [Opt_Caption_103] is 0 (i.e. current language), and please set it to 1 (i.e. Fixed
Chinese) if the SAS is supplied by China Manufacturer.
3. Bxx.Un_BinaryInput
This setting is used to set voltage level of binary input module. If low-voltage BI module is
equipped, 24V, 30V or 48V can be set according to the actual requirement, and if high-voltage BI
module is equipped, 110V, 125V or 220V can be set according to the actual requirement.
1 Active_Grp 1~10
2 Opt_SysFreq 50 or 60 Hz
5 U2n 80.00~220.00 V
6 I1n 100~65500 A
7 I2n 1 or 5 A
8 f_High_FreqAlm 50~65 Hz
9 f_Low_FreqAlm 45~60 Hz
The number of active setting group, 10 setting groups can be configured for protection settings,
and only one is active at a time.
2. PrimaryEquip_Name
It is recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages.
3. Opt_SysFreq
4. Un1
5. Un2
6. In1
7. In2
8. f_High_FreqAlm
Frequency upper limit setting. The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system frequency
is higher than the setting.
9. f_Low_FreqAlm
Frequency lower limit setting. The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system frequency
is lower than the setting.
Each logic link settings is an “AND” condition of enabling the relevant function with the
corresponding binary input and logic setting. Through SAS or RTU, logic link settings can be set
as “1” or “0”; and it means that the relevant function can be in service or out of service through
remote command. It provides convenience for operation management.
The GOOSE link settings (in the submenu “GOOSE Links”) are used to determine whether the
relevant GOOSE elements are enabled or disabled. See the GOOSE related instruction manual
for the more information and details.
The spare link settings (in the submenu “Function Links”) are used for future application. It can
be defined as one of above three link settings through the PCS-Explorer configuration tool.
Parameters in the “Syn Settings” menu are listed in the following table.
6 MCBrd.25.phi_Diff Phase difference limit of synchronism check for AR 0.10~ 180.00 (Deg)
Parameters in the “DPos Settings” menu are listed in the following table.
Thses settings are applied to configure the status change confirmation time for No.xx double point
binary inputs. Up to 10 virtual double point binary inputs are provided in this device.
If a double point binary input changes from normal status to invalid status, i.e.: double point error
occurs, [t_DPU_Dposxx] will be applied as the debouncing time for No.xx double point binary
input.
Parameters in the “Control Settings” menu are listed in the following table. (xx=01, 02….10)
Parameters in the “Interlock Settings” menu are listed in the following table. (xx=01, 02….10)
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel .................................. 8-4
Figure 8.1-5 Rear view and terminal definition of NR1102C ................................................... 8-5
List of Tables
The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via a multiplex RJ45 port on the front panel.
Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation
system via rear RS485 port or rear Ethernet port. The operator is able to check the protective
device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator an instruction about
how to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including r.m.s. current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. Procedures to change
active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in details.
NOTE!
“Measurement2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed
in secondary value)
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-9 21
2 12
5 BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION
ALARM
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
4
8 18
1
9 19
3
10 20
ENT
ESC
1. “ESC”:
2. “ENT”:
3. “GRP”
Page up/down
HEALTHY
ALARM
Steady Green Lit when the equipment is in service and ready for operation.
NOTE!
“HEALTHY” LED can only be turned on by energizing the device and no abnormality
detected.
“ALARM” LED is turned on when abnormalities of device occurs like above mentioned
and can be turned off after abnormalities are removed except alarm report [CTS.Alm]
which can only be reset only when the failure is removed and the device is rebooted or
re-energized.
Other LED indicators with no labels are configurable and user can configure them to be lit
by signals of operation element, alarm element and binary output contact according to
requirement through PCS-Explorer software, but as drawn in figure, 2 LEDs are fixed as
the signals of “HEALTHY” (green) and “ALARM” (yellow), 18 LEDs are configurable with
selectable color among green, yellow and red.
as well as a twisted-pair Ethernet port. As shown in the following figure, a customized cable is
applied for debugging via this multiplex RJ45 port.
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel
P1: To connect the multiplex RJ45 port. An 8-core cable is applied here.
The definition of the 8-core cable in the above figure is introduced in the following table.
The Ethernet port can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-Explorer)
after connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-Explorer). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”, it should be ensured that the
protection device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address
and subnet mask of network A. (using network A to connect with PC)
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_LAN1]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Mask_LAN1]=255.255.255.0, [En_LAN1]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except 102)
If the logic setting [En_LAN1] is non-available, it means that network A is always enabled.
NR1102C
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
SYN+
SYN-
SGND
GND
RTS
TXD
SGND
NOTE!
If using other Ethernet port, for example, Ethernet B, the logic setting [En_LAN2] must be
set as “1”.
Press “▲” to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
MainMenu
Language
Clock
Quick Menu
For the first powered protective device, there is no record in quick menu. Press “▲” to enter the
main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
The descriptions about menu is based on the maximized configuration, for a specific project, if
some function is not available, the corresponding submenu will hidden.
Main Menu
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
Under the main interface, press “▲” to enter the main menu, and select submenu by pressing “▲”,
“▼” and “ENT”. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all main menus under menu tree of the protection device.
Main Menu
Measurements
Measurements1
Measurements2
Measurements3
This menu is used to display real-time measured values, including AC voltage, AC current, phase
angle and calculated quantities. These data can help users to acquaint the device’s status. This
menu comprises following submenus. Please refer to Section “Measurement” about the detailed
measured values.
secondary value)
8.2.3.2 Status
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Contact Inputs
GOOSE Inputs
Outputs
Contact Outputs
GOOSE Outputs
Interlock Status
Superv State
Prot Superv
FD Superv
GOOSE Superv
SV Superv
This menu is used to display real time input signals, output signals and alarm signals of the device.
These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This menu comprises following
submenus. Please refer to Section “Signal List” about the detailed input and output signals, and
Section “Supervision Alarms” about alarm signals.
1 Contact Inputs Display states of binary inputs derived from opto-isolated channels
1 Prot Superv Display states of self-supervision signals from protection calculation DSP
8.2.3.3 Records
Main Menu
Records
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Logs
Clear_Records
This menu is used to display all kinds of records, including the disturbance records, supervision
events, binary events and device logs, so that the operator can load to view and use as the
reference of analyzing accidents and repairing the device. All records are stored in non-volatile
memory, it can still record them even if it loses its power.
8.2.3.4 Settings
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
FD Settings
AuxE Settings
OC Settings
ROC Settings
BFP Settings
DeadZone Settings
PD Settings
VTS/CTS Settings
AR/Syn Settings
Copy Settings
Mon/Ctrl Settings
Syn Settings
DPos Settings
Control Settings
Interlock Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
GOOSE Links
SV Links
Spare Links
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
This menu is used to check the device setup, system parameters, protection settings and logic
links settings, as well as modifying any of the above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute
the setting copy between different setting groups.
Check or modify the logic links settings, including function links, SV links,
4 Logic Links
GOOSE links and spare links
4 Spare Links Check or modify spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
3 Label Settings Check or modify the label settings of each protection element.
8.2.3.5 Print
Main Menu
Device Info
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
Mon/Ctrl Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
All Settings
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Status
Waveform
IEC103 Info
Cancel Print
This menu is used to print device description, settings, all kinds of records, waveform, information
related with IEC60870-5-103 protocol, channel state and channel statistic.
Print the current state of the device, including the sampled value of
6 Device Status
voltage and current, the state of binary inputs, setting and so on
4 Spare Links Print spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
Main Menu
Local Cmd
Reset Target
Trig Oscillograph
Control
Download
Clear Counter
Clear AR Counter
This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, indicator LED, LCD display, and as same
as the resetting function of binary inputs. This menu provides a method of manually recording the
current waveform data of the device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download, clear statistic information about
GOOSE SV AR and energy.
1 Reset Target Reset the local signal, indicator LED, LCD display and so on
8.2.3.7 Information
Main Menu
Information
Version Info
Board Info
In this menu, the LCD displays software information of all kinds of intelligent plug-in modules,
which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and management sequence
number. Besides, plug-in module information can also be viewed.
Display software information of DSP module, MON module and HMI module,
1 Version Info which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and
management sequence number.
2 Board Info Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
8.2.3.8 Test
Main Menu
Test
SV Comm Counter
AR Counter
Device Test
Disturb Events
Superv Events
IO Events
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain the
protection device. It can be used to fulfill the communication test function. It is also used to
generate all kinds of reports or events to transmit to the SAS without any external input, so as to
debug the communication on site. Besides, it can also display statistic information about GOOSE
SV and AR.
View the relevant information about disturbance records (only used for
1 Disturb Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about supervision events (only used for
2 Superv Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about binary events (only used for debugging
3 IO Events
persons)
Users can respectively execute the test automatically or manually by selecting commands “All
Test” or “Select Test”.
8.2.3.9 Clock
The current time of internal clock can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented with digits and can be modified.
8.2.3.10 Language
automatically. Device logs will not pop up and can only be viewed by navigating the corresponding
menu.
The device can display single line diagram (SLD) and primary operation information, it can support
wiring configuration function. LCD configuration file can be downloaded via the network. Remote
control operating through single line diagram is also supported.
Under normal condition, the LCD will display the following interface. The LCD adopts white color
as its backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, and is extinguished
automatically after 60 seconds of no operation.
2010-06-08 10:10:00
Ia 0.00A
Ib 0.00A
Ic 0.00A
3I0 0.00A
Ua 0.02V
Ub 0.00V
Uc 0.00V
3U0 0.02V
UB1 0.00V
UL2 0.00V
UB2 0.00V
f_Line 50.00Hz
The content displayed on the screen contains: the current date and time of the protection device
(with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the active setting group number, the three-phase
current sampling value, the neutral current sampling value, the three-phase voltage sampling
value, the neutral voltage sampling value, the synchronism voltage sampling value, line frequency
and the address relevant to IP address of Ethernet A. If all the sampling values of the voltage and
the current can’t be fully displayed within one screen, they will be scrolling-displayed automatically
from the top to the bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it′ll display the self-check alarm information.
For the situation that the disturbance records and the supervision events coexist, the upper half
part is the disturbance record, and the lower half part is the supervision event. As to the upper half
part, it displays separately the record number of the disturbance record, fault name, generating
time of the disturbance record (with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), protection element and
tripping element. If there is protection element operation, faulty phase and relative operation time
with reference to fault detector element are displayed. At the same time, if displayed rows of
protection element and tripping element are more than 3, a scroll bar will appear at the right. The
height of the black part of the scroll bar basically indicates the total lines of protection element and
tripping element, and its position suggests the position of the currently displayed line of the total
lines. The scroll bar of protection element and tripping element will roll up at the speed of one line
per time. When it rolls to the last three lines, it will roll from the earliest protection element and
tripping element again. The displayed content of the lower half part is similar to that of the upper
half part.
If the device has no the supervision event, the display interface will only show the disturbance
record.
24 ms A 50/51P1.Op
If the device has the supervision event, the display interface will show the disturbance record and
the supervision event at the same time.
24 ms A 50/51P1.Op
Disturb Records NO.2 shows the title and SOE number of the disturbance record.
2008-11-28 07:10:00:200 shows the time when fault detector picks up, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond.
0ms FD.DPFC.Pkp shows fault detector element and its operating time (set as 0ms
fixedly).
24ms A 50/51P1.Op shows operation element and its relative operation time
All the protection elements have been listed in Chapter “Operation Theory”, and please refer to
each protection element for details. Operation reports of fault detector and the reports related to
oscillography function are showed in the following table.
Alm_52b 0 1
Superv_Events NO.4 shows the SOE number and title of the supervision event
2008-11-28 09:18:47:500 shows the real time of the report: year–month-date and
hour:minute:second:millisecond
3. IO Events NO.4
2008-11-29 09:18:47:500ms
BI_RstTarg 0 1
IO Events NO.4 shows the number and title of the binary event
2008-11-28 09:18:47:50 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
BI_RstTarg 0→1 shows the state change of binary input, including binary input
Device Logs NO. 4 shows the title and the number of the device log
2008-11-28 10:18:47:569 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
It will be displayed on the LCD before the fault report and self-check report are confirmed. Only
pressing the restore button on the protection screen or pressing both “ENT” and “ESC” at the
same time can switch among the fault report, the self-check report and the normal running state of
protection device to display it. The binary input change report will be displayed for 5s and then it
will return to the previous display interface automatically.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Measurements” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one display
screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Measurements” menu);
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Status” menu, and then press the “ENT”
or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu item, and then press the
key “ENT” to enter the submenu.
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one display
screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most).
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select pervious or next command menu.
6. Press the key “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Status” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Records” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the menu;
7. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Records” menu);
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Print” menu, and then press the “ENT” or “►”
to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the menu;
Selecting the “Disturb Records”, and then press the “+” or “-” to select pervious or next
record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing... ”, and then
automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”). If the printer doesn’t complete its
current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will display “Printer Busy…”. Press
the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”).
Selecting the command menu “Superv Events” or “IO Events”, and then press the key “▲” or
“▼” to move the cursor. Press the “+” or “-” to select the starting and ending numbers of
printing message. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing…”, and
then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”). Press the key “ESC” to exit
this menu (returning to the menu “Print”).
4. If selecting the command menu “Device Info”, “Device Status“ or “IEC103_Info”, press the
key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start printing..”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Print”).
5. If selecting the “Settings”, press the key “ENT” or “►” to enter the next level of menu.
6. After entering the submenu “Settings”, press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor, and then
press the key “ENT” to print the corresponding default value. If selecting any item to printing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select the setting group to be printed. After pressing the key
“ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning
to the menu “Settings”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Settings”).
7. After entering the submenu “Waveforms”, press the “+” or “-” to select the waveform item
to be printed and press ”ENT” to enter. If there is no any waveform data, the LCD will display
“No Waveform Data!” (Before executing the command menu “Waveforms”, it is necessary to
execute the command menu “Trig Oscillograph” in the menu “Local Cmd”, otherwise the
LCD will display “No Waveform Data!”). With waveform data existing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD
will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
NOTE!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings” );
8. If selecting the command menu “System Settings”, move the cursor to the setting item to be
modified, and then press the “ENT”;
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the “◄” or “►”
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the “+” or “-” to modify the value), press the
“ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
“System Settings”. Press the “ENT” to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu “System Settings”).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the “◄”, “►” or “ESC”, and the LCD will display “Save or Not?”. Directly press the “ESC” or
press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select the “Cancel”, and then press the “ENT” to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu “System
Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select “No” and press the “ENT”, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to select “Yes”, and then press the “ENT”, the LCD will
display password input interface.
____
Input a 4-bit password (“+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it,
and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface
of the command menu “System Settings”. If the password is correct, LCD will display “Save
Setting Now…”, and then exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command
menu “System Settings”), with all modified setting items as modified values.
NOTE!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
9. If selecting the submenu “Prot Settings”, and press “ENT” to enter. After selecting different
command menu, the LCD will display the following interface: (take “FD Settings” as an
example)
FD Settings
Active Group : 01
Selected Group : 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ENT” to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the “ENT” to enter.
Take the setting [FD.DPFC.I_Set] as an example is selected to modify, then press the “ENT” to
enter and the LCD will display the following interface. is shown the “+” or “-” to modify the value
and then press the “ENT” to confirm.
FD.DPFC.I_Set
NOTE!
After modifying protection settings in current active setting group or system parameters of
the device, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp of the device will go out, and the device will
automatically restart and re-check them. If the check doesn’t pass, the device will be
blocked.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Copy Settings”, and then
press the “ENT” to enter the menu.
Copy Settings
Active Group: 01
Copy To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “Settings”.
Press the “ENT”, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
“Settings”. If the password is correct, the LCD will display “copy setting OK!”, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”).
Active Group: 01
Change To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check doesn’t pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the “+”, “-”, “+”, “-” and “ENT”; Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
original state). Press the “ENT” to carry out the deletion.
NOTE!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including disturbance records, supervision events, binary events, but not including
device logs. Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of
the function shall be cautious.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Local Cmd”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter submenus. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the
cursor to the command menu “Control”, and then press the key “ENT” to enter and the
following display will be shown on LCD.
Password:
___
Input a 3-bit password (“111”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the
“ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface of the command
menu “Control”. If the password is correct, it will go to the following step.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the control object and press the key
“ENT” to select control object.
Control
Step1: select Control Object
1. CSWI01
2. CSWI02
3. CSWI03
4. CSWI04
5. CSWI05
6. CSWI06
7. CSWI07
8. CSWI08
9. CSWI09
10. CSWI10
4. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control command press the key “ENT” to the next step.
3) Stop: Reserved
CSWI01
Step2: select Control Command
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select synchronism check mode and press the key “ENT” to
the next step.
4) LoopCheck: Reserved
CSWI01
Step3: select Execution Condition
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
6. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select interlock mode and press the key “ENT” to next step.
CSWI01
Step4: select Interlock Condition
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
7. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control type and press the key “ENT”.
As shown in the following figure, operation results will be shown after “Result” at the bottom of the
LCD.
CSWI01
Step5: select Control Type
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
NOTE!
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Clock” menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter clock display
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the date or time to be modified;
4. Press the “+” or “-” to modify value, and then press the “ENT” to save the modification and
return to the main menu;
5. Press the “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
Clock
Year 2008
Month 11
Day 28
Hour 20
Minute 59
Second 14
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the “ENT”
or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Board Info”, and then press
the “ENT” to enter the menu;
5. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Information” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the “ENT”
to enter the submenu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Version Info”, and then
press the key “ENT” to display the software version.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Test” menu, and then press the key
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the submenu “Device Test”, and then press
the key “ENT” to enter the submenu, to select test item. If “Disturb Events” “Superv Events”
or “IO Events” is selected, two options “All Test” and “Select Test” are provided.
Prot Element
All Test
Select Test
4. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu “All
Test” or “Select Test”. If selecting the “All Test”, press the “ENT”, and the device will
successively carry out all operation element message test one by one.
5. If “Select Test” is selected, press the key “ENT”. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down, and
then press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar. Move the cursor to select the
corresponding protection element. Press the key “ENT” to execute the communication test of
this protection element, the substation automatic system (SAS) will receive the corresponding
message.
NOTE!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the “Test” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test
Timeout and Exiting...”.
Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Test”, at this moment, the LCD will
display “Communication Test Exiting…”.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Language”, and then
press the key “ENT” to enter the menu and the following display will be shown on LCD.
1 中文
2 English
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the language user preferred and press the key
“ENT” to execute language switching. After language switching is finished, LCD will return
to the menu “Language”, and the display language is changed. Otherwise, press the key
“ESC” to cancel language switching and return to the menu “Language”.
NOTE!
LCD interface provided in this chapter is only a reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual device may be some
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
9 Configurable Function
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
After function configuration is finished, disabled protection function will be hidden in the device and
in setting configuration list of PCS-Explorer Software. The user can select to show or hide some
setting by this way, and modify the setting value.
Please refer to the instruction manual “PCS-Explorer Auxiliary Software” for details.
Overall functions:
9.3.1 Overview
Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) is the mechanism in IEC61850 standard
used to satisfy fast message demand of substation automation system, and provides means of
fast information transmission and exchange under network communication conditions. In case of
any status change, intelligent electronic device (IED) will use change report to transmit binary
objects in high speed, i.e. GOOSE report. Information exchange among IEDs is realized by
GOOSE.
PCS-900 series features GOOSE network message interface independent of MMS message
interface and of high real-time property. Therefore, PCS-900 series can receive binary inputs via
opto-coupler and send output commands via binary output contact, as well as GOOSE input
signals, and can configure GOOSE output commands and GOOSE output signals. Configuration
of GOOSE signals is obtained by GOOSE file based on SCD file.
PCS-900 series supports single network mode and dual network mode, P2P mode and networking
mode, as well as mode based on station level network MMS or process level network. Networking
mode can be selected by parameters setup or configuration tool PCS-Explorer. For important
occasions, in order to ensure no loss of data during transmission, it is recommended to configure
dual GOOSE network in which process level is independent of station level for the protection
device. Refer to the figure as below.
Control Center
……
Protocol Converter
Third-Party IEDs
Switch Process Bus: Sampled Value, GOOSE (Tripping/Binary Input), IEEE 1588, GMRP Clock Synchronization
PCS-221 PCS-222
Process Level Merging Unit Circuit Breaker Controller
Optical Fiber ……
Electronic/Optical CT & VT
Circuit Breaker: GIS/AIS
The above figure shows a typical dual network mode, in which process level network is separate
from station level network, to ensure that important information (e.g. tripping signal) is not affected
by data on the MMS data network.
Ring network is not recommended for GOOSE network configuration, to avoid the problem of
network storm. Duplicated protection configuration and their GOOSE networks shall be totally
independent of each other, to ensure that in case of any network fault in one set of duplicated
protection configuration, the other set will not be affected.
Normally, manufacturers provide ICD file, system integrator prepare SCD file of the whole
substation according to design blueprints, and each IED manufacturer exports its CID file after
receiving SCD configuration model.
GOOSE service is directly mapped to network data link layer. To ensure important information
transmission priority, broadcast address is used for multi-channle transmission of information.
GOOSE message allows high-speed transmission of tripping signals, which has high transmission
success rate.
GOOSE message is not sent at fixed interval. When there is no GOOSE event, interval of GOOSE
message transmission is fixed and relatively long. However, after an event occurs, data
transmission will change, and the interval set for this occasion is the shortest. GOOSE adopts
continual repeated transmission to realize reliable transmission, and during this period,
transmission interval will gradually increase, till the event status becomes stable. Later, GOOSE
message transmission will be back to fixed interval. The whole process is shown as below:
Transmission Time
Event
Where:
T0 is retransmission in stable conditions (no event for a long time), and it can be configured
(typical value is 5000ms)
T1 is the shortest retransmission time after the event, and it can be configured (typical value is
2ms)
T2 is retransmission times until achieving the stable conditions time, and it is fixed at 2T1.
T3 is retransmission times until achieving the stable conditions time, and it is fixed at 4T1.
GOOSE transmission adopts retransmission mechanism and has 4 transmission times: T0, T1, T2,
and T3. After the event occurs, a frame message will be transmitted, transmitting again after
interval T1, and still transmitting after another interval T1. And then, transmitting again after
interval T2 and yet transmitting after interval T3. At this time, if no new event occurs, transmission
will continue at interval T0 again.
Data transmitted are defined by definition of GOOSE transmission dataset and GOOSE control
blocks. PCS-900 series supports transmission of 8 GOOSE control blocks at maximum. GOOSE
can transmit both binary quantities and analog quantities of not large change, e.g. temperature
and humidity.
At maximum, PCS-900 series can receive 128 control block data, subject to control by GOOSE
Links. GOOSE reception control block is controlled by GOOSE links of corresponding serial
number, and provides corresponding alarm signal of the same serial number.
After the receiver receives GOOSE data, if GOOSE data is invalid (refer to section 9.3.2.3), the
GOOSE data shall be processed accordingly, i.e. clear (zero), force to 1, or keep.
1. The next frame of GOOSE message is not received within 1.1 times of maximum message
survival time
NOTE!
Each frame of transmitted GOOSE data includes maximum message survival time,
normally 2 times of GOOSE heartbeat time (t0)
“Test” state of GOOSE message is set to 1 if the reception control block receives message
with “Test” bit, otherwise it is set to 0 if message without “Test” bit is received.
If GOOSE message is not received within 2 times of maximum message survival time, GOOSE
link disconnection will be reported. For example, receiver sets GOOSE heartbeat time (t0) to 5s,
so that specified message survival time in transmitted message is 10s. After GOOSE receives one
frame of message, if the next frame is not received within 11s, , GOOSE data is invalid. If not
received in 20s (2 times of message survival time), GOOSE link disconnection will be reported.
If invalid data or data link disconnection is tested by unplugging network wire, note that since
network line disconnection occurs at any time between two groups of heartbeat messages, invalid
GOOSE data is normally reported in 6~11s after actual disconnection, and GOOSE network link
disconnection is normally reported in 15~20s after actual disconnection.
NOTE!
Invalid GOOSE data is not synchronized with GOOSE link disconnection in time. The
former is reported when message is not received within 1.1 times maximum message
survival time, while the latter is only reported when message is not received within 2 times
maximum message survival time.
This device features fast detection of network storm and fast handling of network messages. In
case of network storm in single network, this device can ensure no loss of normal network
messages, and protection functions will not be affected.
In case of network storm in dual network, this device can maintain reception and handling of
messages in one of the networks, and actual test has shown that protection functions are basically
not affected.
GOOSE reception and transmission message provide a “Test” bit. The receiver will compare this
“Test” bit in received message with its own “Test” bit. If they are consistent, operation will occur,
otherwise, invalid GOOSE data will be reported (refer to section 9.3.2.3). This eliminates mutual
effect between device in operation and device in maintainence.
Different from traditional contact signals, which can can be set to enable/disable corresponding
signals, PCS-900 series adopts the following modes to enable and disable corresponding signals
including “Test” state.
1. When the “Test” bit in GOOSE message is consistent with the “Test” of the receiver, GOOSE
data is valid, otherwise it is invalid (refer to section 9.3.2.3). In this way, the device in service
and device in maintainence do not affect each other.
2. In “Test” state, the receiver still has event recording and state display functions, to facilitate
check of circuit.
3. GOOSE logic link is provided to solve the problem of selective transmission of signals.
Transmitter can be isolated from receiver by disabling relevant GOOSE logic link. The setup
of transmission and reception logic links can be consistent with traditional logic links.
4. For transmitter, GOOSE element will perform AND of data value and transmission logic link
state, and then detect change of data, so as to decide activation of a new round of
transmission flow.
If a input signal is gray in PCS-Explorer, it means the input signal is not configurable. If a input
signal is dark in PCS-Explorer, it means the input signal is configurable.
61 79.Sel_1P/3PAR Input signal for selecting 1/3-pole AR mode of corresponding circuit breaker
62 79.Trp Input signal of single-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
63 79.Trp3P Input signal of three-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
64 79.TrpA Input signal of A-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
65 79.TrpB Input signal of B-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
66 79.TrpC Input signal of C-phase tripping from line protection to initiate AR
Input signal of blocking reclosing, usually it is connected with the operating
67 79.LockOut signals of definite-time protection, transformer protection and busbar
differential protection, etc.
68 79.PLC_Lost Input signal of indicating the alarm signal that signal channel is lost
Input signal of waiting for reclosing permissive signal from master AR (when
69 79.WaitMaster
reclosing multiple circuit breakers)
The input for indicating whether circuit breaker has enough energy to perform
70 79.CB_Healthy
the close function
71 79.Clr_Counter Clear the reclosing counter
72 79.Ok_Chk Synchrocheck condition of AR is met
Trip Logic
73 TrpOut.En Trip enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or programmable logic etc.
74 TrpOut.Blk Trip blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or programmable logic etc.
75 Op_CBProt breaker tripping elements except line fault
Input signal of permitting three-phase tripping
76 PrepTrp3P When this signal is valid, three-phase tripping will be adopted for any kind of
faults.
VT Circuit Supervision
VT supervision enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or
77 VTS.En
programmable logic etc.
VT supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or
78 VTS.Blk
programmable logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or
79 VTNS.En
programmable logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or
80 VTNS.Blk
programmable logic etc.
81 VTS.MCB_VT Binary input for VT MCB auxiliary contact
CT Circuit Supervision
CT circuit supervision enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or
82 CTS.En
programmable logic etc.
CT circuit supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or
83 CTS.Blk
programmable logic etc.
Control and Synchrocheck for Manual Closing
84 CSWIxx.CILO.EnOpn It is the interlock status of No.xx open output of BO module (xx=01~10)
If a output signal is gray in PCS-Explorer, it means the output signal is not configurable. If a output
signal is dark in PCS-Explorer, it means the output signal is configurable.
100 79.Prem_Trp1P Single-phase circuit breaker will be tripped once protection device operates
101 79.Prem_Trp3P Three-phase circuit breaker will be tripped once protection device operates
CT Circuit Supervision
117 CTS.Alm Alarm signal to indicate CT circuit fails
Control and Synchrocheck for Manual Closing
118 CSWIxx.Op_Opn No.xx command output for open. (xx=01~10)
119 CSWIxx.Op_Cls No.xx command output for closing. (xx=01~10)
120 BIinput.RmtCtrl In order to be convenient to user configure control output, three same output
signals with input signals are available. The relationship with 10 binary output
121 BIinput.LocCtrl
have been configured inside the device. The user only assigns a specific
binary input to input signal, the relevant function can be gained. If some
122 BIinput.CILO.Disable binary output need not be controlled by three signals, please cancle the
configuration by PCS-Explorer, and configure it independently.
10 Communications
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance ......................... 10-8
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance ....................... 10-9
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances .................. 10-10
10.1 Overview
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions in this section do not aim to fully introduce the protocol
itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred for this information. This
section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 10.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so an external termination resistor is required when it is located at the bus terminus.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable i.e.
the communications bus. Stubs and tees are strictly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop bus
topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. The signal ground shall not be connected to the cables screen or to
the product’s chassis at any stage. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
10.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state due to inactively driven of tubs. This can occur when all the slaves
are in receive mode and the master unit is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit mode. The
reason is that the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high impedance state,
until it has something to transmit. Jabber can result in the loss of first bits of the first character in
the packet for receiving device(s), which will lead to the rejection of messages for slave units,
causing non-responding between master unit and slave unit. This could brings poor response
times (due to retries), increase in message error counters, erratic communications, and even a
complete failure to communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines shall be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V.
There should be only one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection
point. The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Please
note that some devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias that the external
components will not be required.
NOTE!
It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each device is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a star
structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is also
connected to the exchanger acting as the master station, and every device which has been
connected to the exchanger will act as a slave unit.
SCADA
Switch: Net A
Switch: Net B
……
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings of the protective
device must be configured by using keypad and LCD user interface. In the submenu “Comm
Settings”, set the parameters [Protocol_RS485A], [Protocol_RS485B] and [Baud_RS485]. To use
the Ethernet port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the IP address and the submask of each
Ethernet port shall be set in the same submenu. Please refer to the corresponding section in
Chapter “Settings” for further details.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface and the
protective device is the slave device.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
10.3.2 Initialization
When the protective device is powered up, or the communication parameters are changed, a reset
command is required to initialize the communications. The protective device will respond to either
of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference is that the Reset CU will clear
any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input, the protection device will not
be able to set the time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. For attempt to set the time via the
interface, the protective device will create an event with the date and time taken from the IRIG-B
synchronized internal clock.
The complete list of all events produced by the protective device can be printed by choosing the
submenu “IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
Generic service group numbers supported by the relay can be printed by the submenu “IEC103
Info” in the menu “Print”.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
10.4.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
device to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder device - Principles
and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder device - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder device – Common
data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder device – Compatible
logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED and communication
system realized according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has an IED
Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single
line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation
configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add communication system
parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the connection relationship of
GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
Ethernet is recommended to be adopted in the SAS of 110kV and lower voltage levels, while
dual-MMS Ethernet is recommended to be adopted in the SAS of voltage levels above 110kV.
Client-server mode is adopted: clients (SCADA, control center and etc.) communicate with the
IEDs via MMS communication network, and the IEDs operate as the servers. IEDs are connected
to clients passively, and they can interact with the clients according to the configuration and the
issued command of the clients.
Three modes for dual-MMS Ethernet (abbreviated as dual-net) are provided as below.
NOTE!
Hereinafter, the normal operation status of net means the physical link and TCP link are
both ok. The abnormal operation status of net means physical link or TCP link is broken.
1) Mode 1: Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the same RCB instance
Client Client
TCP Link
MMS Link
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance
Net A and Net B share the same report control block (abbreviated as RCB) enabled by the client.
IED sends undifferentiated date through dual-net to the clients. If one net is physically
disconnected, the flag of RCB instance (i.e.: “RptEna” in above figure) is still “true”. Only when
both Net A and Net B are disconnected, the flag of the RCB instance will automatically change to
“false”.
In normal operation status of mode 1, IED provides the same MMS service for Net A and Net B. If
one net is physically disconnected (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in above figure), the working
mode will switch to single-net mode seamlessly and immediately. Network communication
supervision is unnecessary here, and Buffered Report Control Block (abbreviated as BRCB) need
not to be used. On the other net, date alternation works normally. Therefore, MMS service can
interact normally without interruption. This mode ensures no data loss during one net is in
abnormal operation status.
In mode 1, one report will be transmitted twice via dual nets for the same report instance, so the
client needs to distinguish whether two reports are same according to corresponding EntryIDs.
Client Client
TCP Link
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance
In mode 2, the MMS service is provided on main MMS link, no MMS service interacts on the
standby MMS link. The definitions of two links are as follows:
Main MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service available.
Standby MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service not
available.
If the main net fails to operate (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in the above figure), the IED will
set “RptEna” to “false”. Meanwhile the client will detect the failure by heartbeat message or
“keep-alive”, it will automatically enable the RCB instance by setting “RptEna” back to “true”
through standby MMS link. By the buffer function of BRCB, the IED can provide uninterrupted
MMS service on the standby net. However, the differences of BRCB standards among different
manufacturers may cause data loss. Moreover, if duration of net switch is too long, the data loss is
positively as the capacity of BRCB’s buffer function is limited.
NOTE!
In mode 1 and mode 2, Net A IED host address and Net B IED host address must be the
same. E.g.: if the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0, network prefix of Net A is 198.120.0.0,
network prefix of Net B is 198.121.0.0, Net A IP address of the IED is 198.120.1.2, and
then Net B IP address of the IED must be configured as 198.121.1.2, i.e.: Net A IED host
address =1x256+2=258, Net B IED host address =1x256+2=258, Net A IED host address
equals to Net B IED host address.
Client Client
TCP Link
MMS Link
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances
In mode 3, IED provides 2 report instances for each RCB, Net A and Net B work independently
from each other, failures of one net will not affect the other net at all.
In this mode, 2 report instances are required for each client. Therefore, the IED may be unable to
provide enough report instances if there are too many clients.
Net A and Net B send the same report separately when they operates normally, To ensure no
repeated data is saved into database, massive calculation is required for the client.
Moreover, accurate clock synchronization of the IED is required to distinguish whether 2 reports
are the same report according to the timestamps. Clock synchronization error of the IED may lead
to report loss/redundancy.
As a conclusion:
In mode 3, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if too many clients are
applied on site.
For the consideration of client treatment and IED implementation, mode 1 (Dual-net full duplex
mode sharing the same report instance) is recommended for MMS communication network
deployment.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains common
information about the IED logical device.
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for PCS-921 series relays. The specified relay
will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
RBRF:Breaker failure
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For
PCS-921 series relays protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and BRCB also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
MMXU: This LN shall be used to acquire values from CTs and VTs and calculate measurands
such as r.m.s. values for current and voltage or power flows out of the acquired voltage and
current samples. These values are normally used for operational purposes such as power
flow supervision and management, screen displays, state estimation, etc. The requested
accuracy for these functions has to be provided.
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers fault wave recorder and its output refers to
the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording and independent of the
trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks are located in LLN0, they can be
configured to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes),
binary status values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and
MSQI). The reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via
an IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
- Bit 1: Data-change
- Bit 4: Integrity
- Bit 1: Sequence-number
- Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
- Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
- Bit 4: Data-set-name
- Bit 5: Data-reference
- Bit 8: Conf-revision
- Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
10.4.5.3 Timestamps
The Universal Time Coordinated(UTC for short) timestamp associated with all IEC61850 data
items represents the lastest change time of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of broadcast data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GOOSE
publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure and control the transmission.
The GOOSE transmission (including subscribing and publishing) is controlled by GOOSE link
settings in device.
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
M7-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y N
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M N
S27-3 data-update M N
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O N
S31 SetLCBValues O N
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O N
S33 QueryLogAfter O N
S34 GetLogStatusValues O N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O Y
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O N
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M N
Control
S51 Select O N
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y
10.5.1 Overview
The descriptions given here are intended to accompany this relay. The DNP3.0 protocol is not
described here; please refer to the DNP3.0 protocol standard for the details about the DNP3.0
implementation. This manual only specifies which objects, variations and qualifiers are supported
in this relay, and also specifies what data is available from this relay via DNP3.0.
The relay operates as a DNP3.0 slave and supports subset level 2 of the protocol, plus some of
the features from level 3. The DNP3.0 communication uses the Ethernet ports at the rear side of
this relay. The Ethernet ports are optional: electrical or optical.
1. Supported qualifiers
The protection operation signals, alarm signals and binary input state change signals are
transported respectively according to the variation sequence in above table.
Object 2, SOE
If the master qualifier is “0x07”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x27”; and if the master
qualifier is “0x01”, “0x06” or “0x08”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x28”.
The measurement values are transported firstly, and then the measurement values are
transported.
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 0 data request and the variation is “0x01”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 30” and “Object 40” (see
“Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 1 data request and the variation is “0x02”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 2” (see “Supported objects and
variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the multiple object request and the variation is “0x01”,
“0x02”, “0x03” and “0x04”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 2”, “Object 30” and “Object
40” (see “Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The function code 0x03 and 0x04 are supported in this relay. The function code 0x03 is for the
remote control with selection; and the function code 0x04 is for the remote control with execution.
The selection operation must be executed before the execution operation, and the single point
control object can be supported to this relay.
11 Installation
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 11.6-3 Demonstration of plugging a board into its corresponding slot .................. 11-6
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables ................................... 11-9
11.1 Overview
The device must be shipped, stored and installed with the greatest care.
Choose the place of installation such that the communication interface and the controls on the
front of the device are easily accessible.
Air must circulate freely around the equipment. Observe all the requirements regarding place of
installation and ambient conditions given in this instruction manual.
Take care that the external wiring is properly brought into the equipment and terminated correctly
and pay special attention to grounding. Strictly observe the corresponding guidelines contained in
this section.
In certain cases, the settings have to be configured according to the demands of the engineering
configuration after replacement. It is therefore assumed that the personnel who replace modules
and units are familiar with the use of the operator program on the service PC.
DANGER! Only insert or withdraw the PWR module while the power supply is switched
off. To this end, disconnect the power supply cable that connects with the PWR module.
WARNING! Only insert or withdraw other modules while the power supply is switched off.
WARNING! The modules may only be inserted in the slots designated in Section 6.2.
WARNING! Industry packs and ribbon cables may only be replaced or the positions of
Should boards have to be removed from this relay installed in a grounded cubicle in an HV
switchgear installation, please discharge yourself by touching station ground (the cubicle)
beforehand.
Only hold electronic boards at the edges, taking care not to touch the components.
Only works on boards that have been removed from the cubicle on a workbench designed for
electronic equipment and wear a grounded wristband. Do not wear a grounded wristband,
however, while inserting or withdrawing units.
Always store and ship the electronic boards in their original packing. Place electronic parts in
electrostatic screened packing materials.
Visually inspect all the material when unpacking it. When there is evidence of transport damage,
lodge a claim immediately in writing with the last carrier and notify the nearest NR Company or
agent.
If the equipment is not going to be installed immediately, store all the parts in their original packing
in a clean dry place at a moderate temperature. The humidity at a maximum temperature and the
permissible storage temperature range in dry air are listed in Chapter “Technical Data”.
A suitable drill and spanners are required to secure the cubicles to the floor using the plugs
provided (if this relay is mounted in cubicles).
There should also be free access at the rear of the equipment for additions and replacement of
electronic boards.
Since every piece of technical equipment can be damaged or destroyed by inadmissible ambient
conditions, such as:
1. The location should not be exposed to excessive air pollution (dust, aggressive substances).
2. Severe vibration, extreme changes of temperature, surge voltages of high amplitude and
short rise time, high levels of humidity and strong induced magnetic fields should be avoided
as far as possible.
The equipment can in principle be mounted in any attitude, but it is normally mounted vertically
(visibility of markings).
WARNING! Excessively high temperature can appreciably reduce the operating life of
this relay.
482.6
291 465.0
101.6
177.0
465.0
101.6
179.0
4-Ф6.8
450.0
NOTE! It is necessary to leave enough space top and bottom of the cut-out in the cubicle
The safety instructions must be abided by when installing the boards, please see Section 11.2 for
the details.
Following figure shows the installation way of a module being plugged into a corresponding slot.
In the case of equipment supplied in cubicles, place the cubicles on the foundations that have
been prepared. Take care while doing so not to jam or otherwise damage any of the cables that
have already been installed. Secure the cubicles to the foundations.
On the other hand, electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of
other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
NOTE! All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
NOTE! If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts
of it forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission
of interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (see Figure 11.7-1).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
NOTE! For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
Door or hinged
equipment frame
Cubicle ground
rail close to floor
Braided
copper strip
Station
ground
Conducting
connection
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of this relay, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (see Figure 11.7-2) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Proper terminations must be fitted to both ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting
them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
Press/pinch fit
cable terminal
Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt
Contact surface
Power supply, binary inputs & outputs: brained copper cable, 1.0mm2 ~ 2.5mm2
The following figure shows the glancing demo about the wiring for the electrical cables.
01 02
03 04
Tighten 05 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
01
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables
DANGER! Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this
equipment to be opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a
dangerously high voltage.
12 Commissioning
Table of Contents
12.1 Overview
This relay is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employs a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
WARNING! Hazardous voltages are present in this electrical equipment during operation.
Non-observance of the safety rules can result in severe personal injury or property
damage.
WARNING! Only the qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after
becoming thoroughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well
as with the applicable safety regulations.
The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply
voltage (storage capacitors!)
The limit values stated in the Chapter “Technical Data” must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and
maybe also close commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are
disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER! Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before
WARNING! Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar
with the commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules
and regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0~440V and 0~250V
respectively.
NOTE! Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. The LED
indicators and alarms can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault
and event records cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be
entered before changes can be made.
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure that it has
not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all input quantity
measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into service.
Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware
defect. Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by
self-monitoring when the DC power is supplied.
Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests of
the protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
Timers test
Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and other
external equipment.
On load test.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. The following items listed is
necessary.
Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire which is used in the panel to assure that their cross section
meeting the requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons
work normally and smoothly.
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this relay, and do the Insulation resistance test for each
circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
The relay only can be operated under the auxiliary power supply depending on the relay’s nominal
power supply rating.
The incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Chapter “Technical Data”,
before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it within the operating range.
Other requirements to the auxiliary power supply are specified in Chapter “Technical Data”. See
this section for further details about the parameters of the power supply.
WARNING! Energize this relay only if the power supply is within the specified operating
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for these
checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “Clock”.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the relay is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
Apply the rated DC power supply and check that the “HEALTHY” LED is lighting in green. We
need to emphasize that the “HEALTHY” LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious errors in it.
Produce one of the abnormal conditions listed in Chapter “Supervision”, the “ALARM” LED will
light in yellow. When abnormal condition reset, the “ALARM” LED extinguishes.
This test verified that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated current to each current transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 2.5% or 0.02In. However, an additional allowance
must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
This test verified that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is 2.5% or 0.1V. However an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the equipment are functioning correctly.
The binary inputs should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for
terminal numbers.
Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range.
The status of each binary input can be viewed using relay menu. Sign “1” denotes an energized
input and sign “0” denotes a de-energized input.
3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.
13 Maintenance
Table of Contents
NR numerical relay PCS-921 is designed to require no special maintenance. All measurement and
signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output
relays are hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “Superv Events” screen on the LCD.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “Version Info”.
CAUTION!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
WARNING!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.
WARNING!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
WARNING!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
DANGER!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
13.4 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
13.5 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-1 the storage temperature should be from -40oC to +70oC, but the temperature of from 0oC
to +40oC is recommended for long-term storage.
Table of Contents
14.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-921, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
DANGER!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
PCS-921, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
DANGER!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-921 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
DANGER!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
14.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
NOTE!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.