American Water Works Association

ANSI/AWWA D130-96
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA D130-87)

AWWA STANDARD
FOR
FLEXIBLE-MEMBRANE-LINING AND
FLOATING-COVER MATERIALS FOR
POTABLE WATER STORAGE

Effective date: Dec. 1, 1996.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1987.
This edition approved Feb. 4, 1996.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Sept. 6, 1996.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification.
AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and
administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually con-
tain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard
does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or
approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are
intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will
provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of
action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The
action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publi-
cation of the official notice.

American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope
and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the
consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any
respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufactur-
ing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the stan-
dard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain
the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are
encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags
or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.

CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front
cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National
Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken
to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication.
Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by
calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036;
(212) 642-4900.

Copyright © 1996 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA

ii

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on Flexible Reservoir Covers and Liners for
Potable Water Storage, which developed and revised this standard, had the following
personnel at the time of approval:

Robert L. Nichols, Chair

Ray Taylor, Secretary

Consumer Members

O.E. Bluth, Consultant, St. George, Utah (AWWA)

G.A. Radek, Metropolitan Utilities District, Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
M.M. Sakado, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power,
Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
Ronald Spradling, F.E. Weymouth Filtration Plant, La Verne, Calif. (AWWA)
P.E. Tomes, Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, Ohio (AWWA)

General Interest Members

B.R. Elms,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

Philip Gatsoulis, Montgomery Watson, Pasadena, Calif. (AWWA)
David Kittredge, Montgomery Watson, Boston, Mass. (NEWWA)
R.L. Nichols, Freese & Nichols Inc., Webb City, Mo. (AWWA)
J.R. Paschal, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. (NSF)
R.E. Roughton, Leedshill-Herkenhoff Inc., Albuquerque, N.M. (AWWA)
L.C. Rodman,* Council Liaison, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)

Producer Members

G.G. Emerson, Serrot Corporation, Huntington Beach, Calif. (AWWA)

D.H. Gerber, C.W. Neal Corporation, Hollister, Calif. (AWWA)
D.J. McCullough, Water Saver Company, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
L.R. Schader, JPS Elastomerics Corporation, Salem, Ore. (AWWA)
Ray Taylor, Fabritank by Amfuel, Pinehurst, N.C. (AWWA)
W.M. Mow,† Amfuel, Magnolia, Ark. (AWWA)

*Liaison, nonvoting

†Alternate

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Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
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Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 Contents

All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may
be found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

Foreword 3 Definitions ........................................ 2

I Introduction........................................ vi 4 Requirements
I.A Background ........................................ vi 4.1 Permeation.......................................... 3
I.B History................................................ vi 4.2 Extractables ........................................ 3
I.C Acceptance......................................... vii 4.3 Materials ............................................. 3
II Special Issues.................................... vii 4.4 Material Construction
III Use of This Standard ..................... viii Requirements.................................... 4
III.A Purchaser Options and 4.5 Fabrication .......................................... 4
Alternatives .................................. viii
III.B Modification to Standard ............... viii 5 Verification ....................................... 5
IV Major Revisions .............................. viii
V Comments ....................................... viii 6 Delivery
6.1 Marking............................................... 6
Standard 6.2 Packaging and Shipping .................... 6
6.3 Affidavit of Compliance...................... 6
1 General
1.1 Scope.................................................... 1 Table
1.2 Purpose................................................ 1
1.3 Application .......................................... 1 1 Thickness Requirements for
Flexible-Membrane Material........... 5
2 References......................................... 2

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not part of AWWA D130.

I. Introduction
I.A. Background. The purpose of ANSI/AWWA D130 is to provide direction
and guidance in selecting and purchasing flexible-membrane materials used to line
or cover potable water reservoirs. The standard is based on the accumulated knowl-
edge and experience of purchasers, consulting engineers, manufacturers, fabricators,
and installers of flexible-membrane liners and floating covers. The standard should
be used in conjunction with AWWA Manual M25, Flexible-Membrane Covers and
Linings for Potable Water Reservoirs, and with NSF International Inc.* (NSF) Stand-
ard 54, to define suitable application for use of these materials.
Use of NSF 54. NSF has published a consensus standard, NSF 54—Flexible
Membrane Liners, which is frequently referenced in ANSI/AWWA D130 to establish
pertinent criteria, parameters, and tests for flexible-membrane materials for liners
and floating covers for potable water storage application. Specifically, Sec. 3 of
NSF 54, subsection 3.0.3, Installation Condition, defines the weathering resistance
requirements for exposed lining materials in conjunction with part 11 of Appendix A
of that standard. Subsection 3.1, Materials Properties, presents a series of tables
defining the test methods and the minimum acceptable values for flexible-membrane
materials of manufacturers subscribing to the voluntary NSF 54. Under the heading
“Special Categories of Equipment, Products and Services,” the listing sets forth the
manufacturer’s name, product, trade designation, material classification, support
condition, and intended product service. These annual listings provide the reader
with a ready reference to assist in material selection.
I.B. History. This is the first revision of ANSI/AWWA D130-87, Standard for
Flexible-Membrane-Lining and Floating-Cover Materials for Potable Water Storage.
As in the first edition, ANSI/AWWA D130 emphasizes potable water contact require-
ments for liners and floating covers and defines the unique material requirements
for that purpose.
In 1975, AWWA appointed a committee to study and report on the adaptability
of flexible-membrane liners and floating covers for use within the water industry.
The committee presented its report at the 1975 AWWA annual conference. This re-
port included a recommendation to appoint a task group to prepare a standard for
the use of flexible-membrane linings and floating covers. Subsequently, the AWWA
Standards Committee on Flexible Reservoir Covers and Linings for Potable Water
Storage was established in June 1976.
The initial goal of the committee was to prepare a manual with guidelines for
design, installation, and maintenance of a flexible-membrane floating cover or lin-
ing, or both. The committee completed a first draft of the manual in February 1983
and submitted it for consideration by the AWWA Standards Council later that same
year. The first edition, designated ANSI/AWWA D130-87 was approved by the AWWA
Board of Directors on Jan. 26, 1987, and by ANSI on May 28, 1987. This edition was
approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 4, 1996.

*NSF International, 3475 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106.

vi
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a cer-
tification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other mem-
bers of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association
Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environ-
mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and
the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact
with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to
impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate
the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state
and local agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI†/NSF‡ 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and ANSI/NSF 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in
accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to
accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation
of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Appendix A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to ANSI/NSF 61
does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for sub-
stances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The
MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity
testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcino-
gens). Use of Appendix A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the
certifier.
ANSI/AWWA D130 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify prod-
ucts for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section.

*Persons in Canada, Mexico, and non-North American countries should contact the
appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
†American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.

‡NSF International, 3475 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.

§Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave.
N.W., Washington, DC 20418.

vii
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 III. Use of This Standard. AWWA has no responsibility for the suitability or
compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any
user. Accordingly, each user of this standard is responsible for determining that the
standard’s provisions are suitable for and compatible with that user’s intended
application.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be cov-
ered in the purchaser’s specifications:
1. General site conditions: temperature, wind, and precipitation extremes;
snow loadings; exposure to sunlight; and susceptibility to flooding.
2. Description of existing or proposed facilities: dimensions of spatial rela-
tionships; size and location of valves, inlet–outlet piping, sumps, underdrains, air–
gas vents, and leakage monitoring system; and type, age, and general condition of
construction materials.
3. Soil/foundation conditions: test hole data; depth and seasonal variation of
groundwater level; soil gradations, densities, and bearing values; slope stability indi-
ces; and soil organic content.
4. Project conditions: physical dimensions and spatial relationships; volume,
capacity, and operating range; overflow elevation; grade of side slopes; size and loca-
tion of appurtenances, such as valves, inlet–outlet piping, sumps, underdrains, air–
gas vents, and leakage monitoring system; and other related information.
5. Provisions for membrane anchoring: mechanical or buried membrane ter-
mination system.
6. Provisions for liner sealing and floating cover protection at inlet, outlet,
and overflow structures.
7. Number and location of access hatches in the floating cover for internal
maintenance and repair.
8. Details of the rainwater removal system and of the sump and float layout
for the floating-cover membrane.
9. Provisions for soil sterilization to prevent vegetative growth and gas gen-
eration beneath the liner membrane.
10. Leakage permitted and the method for determining leakage (Sec. 4.5.2.4).
11. Material and installation warranty requirements.
12. Whether an affidavit of compliance is required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser’s specifications.
IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this revision
include the following:
1. The format has been changed to AWWA standard style.
2. An acceptance clause (Sec. I.C) has been added and the definitions of par-
ties (Sec. 3) have been revised to approved wording.
3. Sec. 4.5.1.4, Protection of materials, has been added.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Standards and Materials Development Department, (303) 794-
7711 ext. 6283, FAX (303) 795-1440, or write to the department at 6666 W. Quincy
Ave., Denver, CO 80235.

viii
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 American Water Works Association

ANSI/AWWA D130-96
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA D130-87)

AWWA STANDARD FOR

FLEXIBLE-MEMBRANE-LINING AND
FLOATING-COVER MATERIALS
FOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE
MATERIALS FOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE

SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard pertains to linings and floating covers manufactured from flexible-
membrane materials supplied in sheet form for lining, covering, or lining and cover-
ing potable water reservoirs.
AWWA Manual M25, Flexible-Membrane Covers and Linings for Potable Water
Reservoirs, complements this standard by providing supplemental definitions of
terms, as well as design, installation, operation, and maintenance considerations for
flexible-membrane systems.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
The main purpose of this standard is to provide purchasers, manufacturers,
and suppliers with the minimum requirements for flexible-membrane-lining and
floating-cover materials for potable water storage, including materials, materials
construction, fabrication, and installation.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving
flexible-membrane-lining and floating-cover materials for potable water storage. The
stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and
then only to flexible-membrane-lining and floating-cover materials for potable water
storage.

1
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
2 AWWA D130-96

SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the
standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ASTM* D751—Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics.
NSF† 54—Flexible Membrane Liners.
USEPA‡ Technical Resource Document, EPA/600/2-88/052—Lining of Waste
Containment and Other Impoundment Facilities (Feb. 1988).

SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Bonded seam strength: Strength of a flexible-membrane seam as meas-
ured in shear, dead load, or peel modes. Strength of seams is reported either in
absolute units (e.g., lb [kg] or lb/in. [kg/mm] of width) or as a percent of strength of
the parent membrane.
2. Constructor: The party that furnishes the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
3. Elongation: Extension of membranes produced by a tensile force, usually
expressed in percent.
4. Fabric reinforcement: The reinforcing material or fabric encapsulated
within the construction of the flexible membrane.
5. Fabricator: The person or organization that joins sheets of flexible-mem-
brane sheeting material into large panels in the fabrication plant for delivery to the
jobsite for installation.
6. Flexible membrane: Any number of continuous, flexible, impermeable
membranes, usually ranging in thickness from 0.036 in. (0.91 mm) to 0.06 in.
(1.52 mm), that may be fabricated into large panels for final assembly in the field.
The membrane may be nonreinforced or scrim reinforced, depending on the physical
requirements of the application. Three types of flexible membranes are generally
recognized: (1) plastic (thermoplastic), (2) cured elastomer, and (3) uncured elas-
tomer (thermoplastic elastomer).
7. Formulation: The compounding ingredients used to produce a single-ply
sheet of polymeric material used in the manufacture of a flexible membrane.
8. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces mate-
rials or products.
9. Panels: The product of the assembly of two or more sections of flexible-
membrane material cut and assembled by the fabricator using factory seams to form

*American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959.
†NSF International, P.O. Box 1468, 3475 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106.

‡US Environmental Protection Agency, National Technical Information Service, US

Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161.

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 MATERIALS FOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE 3

a portion of the membrane lining or floating cover ready for field assembly by the
installer.
10. Polymer: A high-molecular-weight material formed by the chemical combi-
nation of monomers having either the same or different chemical composition.
11. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any ma-
terials or work to be performed.
12. Reinforcement: See fabric reinforcement.
13. Scrim: See fabric reinforcement.
14. Seams:
a. Factory seam: A continuous bond or weld made between two pieces of
membrane material by the manufacturer or fabricator to produce panels.
b. Field seam: A continuous bond or weld made between two pieces of
membrane material by the installer to join panels together in the field.
15. Supplier: The party that supplies materials or services. A supplier may or
may not be the manufacturer.
16. Unsupported membrane: A flexible membrane, one or more plies thick,
without a reinforcing fabric or scrim.

SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Permeation
The selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in
locations where there is likelihood the pipe will be exposed to significant concentra-
tions of pollutants comprised of low molecular weight petroleum products or organic
solvents or their vapors. Research has documented that pipe materials such as poly-
ethylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, and asbestos cement, and elastomers,
such as used in jointing gaskets and packing glands, may be subject to permeation
by lower molecular weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If a water pipe
must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to contamination,
consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls, jointing materi-
als, and so forth, before selecting materials for use in that area.
Sec. 4.2 Extractables
Any adhesives, chemical fusion agents, or organic solvents or cleaners used in
the fabrication or installation of a liner or floating cover should be as recommended
by the membrane manufacturer. There should be no extractable ingredients that
when dissolved in water would exceed applicable drinking water standards.

Sec. 4.3 Materials

Material properties tables, as defined by NSF 54, Sec. 3.1, include minimum
values and appropriate ASTM test methods. All materials shall conform to those
requirements.
4.3.1 Ingredients. All ingredients used in the manufacture and installation of
flexible-membrane liners and floating covers shall have been approved by the appro-
priate regulatory agency or agencies having jurisdiction. Only ingredients that are
regulated, previously sanctioned, and generally recognized as safe or nonmigratory
shall be used in the formulation or manufacture of a flexible membrane that will be

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
4 AWWA D130-96

in contact with potable water. The compound shall meet chemical and taste and odor
requirements for potable water contact in accordance with acceptable procedures.
4.3.2 Joining materials. Any solvents or adhesives that may come in contact
with potable water shall be as recommended and certified by the membrane manu-
facturer for potable water use in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.
4.3.3 Certification. Membrane materials and joining materials shall be tested
and certified as suitable for potable water containment by an ANSI-certified testing
laboratory or any other similarly accredited testing agency acceptable to the pur-
chaser. Chemical, taste, and odor evaluations of membrane materials shall be con-
ducted in accordance with test procedures set forth by the appropriate regulatory
agency or agencies having jurisdiction. A copy of the certification shall be furnished
to the purchaser on request.
Sec. 4.4 Material Construction Requirements
4.4.1 Thickness of membrane. All flexible membranes shall consist of two or
more plies of compound to ensure pinhole-free construction. Flexible-membrane
thickness for liner or floating-cover applications shall be as shown in Table 1 of this
standard. Thickness values shall be determined by ASTM D751.
4.4.2 Fabric reinforcement. All fabric reinforcement shall be completely encap-
sulated between two plies of compound. Material with exposed fabric reinforcement
or indication of delamination shall not be permitted.
4.4.2.1 The flexible membrane used for floating covers shall have fabric rein-
forcement. Fabric reinforcement is required because of the dynamic loadings that
are normally encountered by the cover membrane in service.
4.4.2.2 When tested in accordance with the grab method described in ASTM
D751, the membrane fabric reinforcement shall not reduce the composite membrane
elongation at rupture to less than 75 percent.
4.4.3 Unsupported liner. Unsupported flexible-membrane liner, if used, shall
not creep under its own weight or stretch below minimum gauge thickness during
installation or normal operation.
4.4.4 Workmanship. Liner and floating-cover membranes shall be free of all
manufacturing or fabricating defects, including pinholes, blisters, and unbonded sur-
faces, before delivery to the purchaser. Repaired pinholes and blister areas shall
maintain two or more plies of material either on the top or bottom of the finished
sheet, and any patch required on a defect shall have rounded corners and shall
extend a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) beyond the defect’s edge in all directions. No
loose edges shall be permitted on the exposed surface of the liner and floating-cover
membranes. The total area of factory patching for repair of manufacturing or fabri-
cating defects shall not exceed 1 percent of the total area or 1 yd2 per 100 yd2 (1 m2
per 100 m2) produced, whichever is least.
Sec. 4.5 Fabrication
4.5.1 Factory fabrication.
4.5.1.1 Factory joints. All factory seams, lap joints, repairs, and patches shall
be made using joining materials and methods recommended by the membrane
manufacturer and shall be compatible with the requirements of Sec. 3.1 of NSF 54
and the material properties tables thereof, and ASTM D751, as modified by Appen-
dix A of NSF 54.
4.5.1.2 Workmanship. All cut edges where reinforcing fabric is exposed shall
be properly sealed. Patches shall have neatly rounded corners. No loose edges shall

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
 MATERIALS FOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE 5

Table 1 Thickness requirements for flexible-membrane material

Thickness
mils (µm)
Minimum Maximum Tolerance
Covers 45 (1,140) 60 (1,520) ±4 (100)
Liners 36 (910) — ±3 (75)

be permitted on the top side of the factory fabricated seam or at lap joints or
patches. An unbonded lap edge on the bottom side of a factory seam is permitted,
except within 6 in. (152 mm) from the end of a sheet where the lap field seam is
made.
4.5.2 Field installation.
4.5.2.1 Field joints. All field seams, lap joints, penetrations, terminations, re-
pairs, and patches shall be made using materials and methods recommended by the
membrane manufacturer, shall be compatible with the requirements of this standard
(Sec. 4.3.2), and shall produce field joints that meet or exceed published seam re-
quirements for factory seams, as defined by Sec. 3.1 of NSF 54 and the material
properties tables thereof, and by ASTM D751, as modified in Appendix A of NSF 54.
4.5.2.2 Qualifications. The installer shall be approved by the flexible-mem-
brane material manufacturer as being qualified to install the flexible-membrane ma-
terial to be used by the purchaser.
4.5.2.3 Workmanship. The installer shall be responsible for the field assembly
of the panels using field seams to form the installed flexible-membrane liner or
floating cover in accordance with the plans, specifications, and shop drawings.
4.5.2.4 Permissible leakage. During the development of the specifications, the
engineer shall establish what maximum allowable leakage will be permitted, how
the leakage is to be measured and calculated, and when and how the leakage test is
to be performed. Leakage allowances shall take into consideration the lined area,
the number of penetrations, the reservoir configuration, the subsoil conditions, and
other structural and geometric conditions and constraints. Calculations of leakage
rates should include environmental considerations, such as evaporation and rainfall,
as appropriate. In accordance with the contract documents, some users may want to
conduct a leak test before final payment and to perform a second leak test before
expiration of the bonded warranty period.

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
This standard has no applicable information for this section.

Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
6 AWWA D130-96

SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking
6.1.1 Identification requirements for flexible-membrane materials. All flexible-
membrane material shall bear identification markings before shipment to the pur-
chaser. Such markings shall remain affixed to the membrane and shall be clearly
legible during normal handling and storage.
6.1.2 Identification requirements for factory-fabricated panels. All factory-
fabricated panels shall bear suitable identification markings before shipment to the
purchaser. Such markings shall remain affixed during normal handling, storage, and
installation.
Sec. 6.2 Packaging and Shipping
6.2.1 Protection of materials. All factory-fabricated panels should be consoli-
dated for packaging, banded to pallets and packaged, and fully enclosed in heavy
cardboard or wood crates sufficient to prevent damage during shipment, storage,
and jobsite positioning and operations. Pallets should not be stacked. Until needed,
packaged factory fabricated panels should be stored in their original unopened pack-
ages/crates, off the ground, in a dry area, and completely protected or shielded from
the direct rays of the sun. If outdoors, they should be protected from direct sunlight
under a light-colored heat-reflective opaque cover in a manner that preferably pro-
vides a 6-in. (152-mm) minimum, free-flowing air space between the crate and the
opaque cover.

Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance

The manufacturer, fabricator, and installer of the flexible membrane shall, if
specified, furnish an affidavit attesting that all installed materials comply with the
requirements of this standard and of the purchaser.

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