Auto power supply control from 4

different sources to ensure no power

break by using efficient solar panel
Abstract :-

The project is designed to provide uninterrupted AC mains supply i.e., 230 volt to
a single phase load. This is achieved by automatic changeover of the load from the
missing phase to the next available phase in a 3 phase system.

it is often noticed that power interruption in distribution system is about 70% for
single phase faults while other two phases are in normal condition. Thus, in any
commerial or domestic power supply system where 3 phase is available, it is
advisable to have an automatic changeover system for uninterrupted power to
critical loads in the event of missing phase.

In this system auto selection is achieved by using a set of relays interconnected in

such a way that if one of the relay feeding to the load remains energized always.
Under the phase failure condition the corresponding Phase is automatic relay
switch than connect to the load.

it also has a provision of connecting to an inverter source which delivers

uninterrupted power to the load incase all the 3 phases go missing. The project is
supplied with three transformers connected to the 3 phases supply.

In this proposing system we will provide the full proof backup through the solar
cell it means that in any in problem or disscountinuity cases the solar will always
provide the backup to main out put through sensing the data by using
microcontroller.
INTRODUCTION :-

Auto Power Supply Control System from 4 Different Sources Using PIC
Microcontroller: The auto power supply control system is very convenient system
for that consumers who want to attains uninterruptible power supply from different
sources such as solar, main, generator and inverter. If we see it at commercial
level, then we can estimate that there are so many consumers or customers which
have the equipment or machines whose requirements is only uninterruptable power
supply. Such as the data base companies whose all work is done on computer then
it is required an uninterruptable power supply all the time, otherwise their
computer could be off during the time when the load is shifted on another source,
similarly the companies which have the data base production machines then it also
could be also off during the load shifted then their production can be stop or
damage. Concentrating on these above problems we can examine the importance
of this auto power supply control system in this modern world. Different peoples
and companies are working on this auto power supply control system which are
making this system with the help of magnetic contactors and power relays but their
system is so much costly and do not provide precise uninterruptible power supply.
Here we are making this auto power supply control system with the help of power
electronics components, pic microcontroller 18F452 and electrical relay relays.

For providing the proper backup we will placing the solar cell that is highly
efficient that is always available in the sense of supply if disscountinuity will occur
solar will always stand for providing the full backup.

So fourth source should be solar so it will always make it clear the countinuity
should maintain.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

Charge controller Battery

Solar plate

Inverter plate

Transformer 1 Rectifier

Solar relay

Tr1 relay
Transformer 2
Rectifier Controller
unit

Tr2 relay

Transformer 3
Rectifier Tr3 relay
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:-

 Solar plate
 Inverter plate
 Battery
 Transformer
 Bridge rectifier
 Controller unit
 Transformer
 Diode
 Capacitor
 Voltage regulator
 MOSFET
 Pwm generator
 Oscillator
WORKING :-

This auto power supply control system works on the principle of auto
function for switch over the load to other available source without wasting
any time or switch off the load. Here for the demonstration purposes we
have used the selection keys for switch off any source of supply. In this
system, the microcontroller which is very essential component of this system
always, keep sensing the whole available sources. When any source is
switched off through the selection keys then the microcontroller shifted the
load to the other supply source by giving the signal to the relay driver IC
then the relay driver IC switched on the appropriate load relay. The whole
function is done by the microcontroller is micro seconds and this shifted
time can be changed during the programming of microcontroller. Here 4
load relays are used which are connected in parallel with load and 4 sources
of supplies are also connected in parallel with these load relays. These load
relays consist of normally open and close contacts and are operated through
the relay driver IC. We have checked this system by connecting the lamp at
output side as a load when any interruption is take place during the shifted
time then the lamp is blinking but here there is no any blinking take place
during the shifted time means there is no any interruption in supplying the
power at output side. Her fourth source will be a solar for that proper power
supply will maintain each and everytime.
 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:-

Solar plate:-

Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity.

A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar
cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates
and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications.
Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically
ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module
given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the area of a 16%
efficient 230 W module. There are a few commercially available solar modules that exceed efficiency
of 24%[1] [2]
A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations contain
multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules,
an inverter, a battery pack for storage, interconnection wiring, and optionally a solar
tracking mechanism.
The most common application of solar energy collection outside agriculture is solar water
heating systems.[3]
The price of solar electrical power has continued to fall so that in many countries it has become
cheaper than ordinary fossil fuelelectricity from the electricity grid since 2012, a phenomenon known
as grid parity.
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through
the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film
cells. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back
layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid,
but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film cells are also available. The cells must be connected
electrically in series, one to another.
A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and it is its output interface.Externally,
most of photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors type to facilitate easy weatherproof connections
to the rest of the system. Also, USB power interface can be used.
Module electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage or in parallel to
provide a desired current capability (amperes). The conducting wires that take the current off the
modules may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals.
Bypass diodes may be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial module shading, to
maximize the output of module sections still illuminated.
Some special solar PV modules include concentrators in which light is focused by lenses or mirrors
onto smaller cells. This enables the use of cells with a high cost per unit area (such as gallium
arsenide) in a cost-effective way.
Solar panels also use metal frames consisting of racking components, brackets, reflector shapes,
and troughs to better support the panel structure
Inverter plate:-
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that
changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).[1]
The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling
depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not
produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.
A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical
effects (such as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry. Static inverters do not
use moving parts in the conversion process.
Circuitry that performs the opposite function, converting AC to DC, is called
a rectifier.
Input voltage
A typical power inverter device or circuit requires a relatively stable DC power
source capable of supplying enough current for the intended power demands of the
system. The input voltage depends on the design and purpose of the inverter.
Examples include:

 12 V DC, for smaller consumer and commercial inverters that typically run
from a rechargeable 12 V lead acid battery or automotive electrical outlet.[2]
 24, 36 and 48 V DC, which are common standards for home energy systems.
 200 to 400 V DC, when power is from photovoltaic solar panels.
 300 to 450 V DC, when power is from electric vehicle battery packs in vehicle-
to-grid systems.
 Hundreds of thousands of volts, where the inverter is part of a high-voltage
direct current power transmission system.
Output waveform
An inverter can produce a square wave, modified sine wave, pulsed sine wave,
pulse width modulated wave (PWM) or sine wave depending on circuit design.
The two dominant commercialized waveform types of inverters as of 2007 are
modified sine wave and square wave.
There are two basic designs for producing household plug-in voltage from a lower-
voltage DC source, the first of which uses a switching boost converter to produce a
higher-voltage DC and then converts to AC. The second method converts DC to
AC at battery level and uses a line-frequency transformer to create the output
voltage.[3]

Square wave
Square wave
This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best
suited to low-sensitivity applications such as lighting and heating. Square wave
output can produce "humming" when connected to audio equipment and is
generally unsuitable for sensitive electronics.
Advantage and application:-
1. This system could be used in that places where we have different sources of
supply such as solar, main and wind.
2. This system could be used in industries for supplying the uninterruptable
power supply to the industrial machines.
3. This system could be used in educational institutes and hospitals for supplying
the uninterruptable power supply to the hospital or educational equipment.
4. This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the electrical ATS
panels.
5. This system is less costly as compared to the other power control systems
REFERENCES
[1] GarimaPandey,KhandaAnum “Auto Power Supply Control From
FourDifferent Sources: Mains, Solar, Inverter and Generator To Ensure No
Break Power” IJSART - Volume1Issue4–APRIL 2015,ISSN[ONLINE]:
2395-105.
[2] Lionel Warnes. Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Principles and
practice Macmillan Press Ltd. London 1994 pp 145 – 220.
[3] Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic devices and circuit
theory Eight edition. Prentice Hall (Pearson Education Inc.) 2002 pp 875
[4] L. Theraja and B. K. Theraja. A textbook of Electrical Technology.S.
Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi, India 2002 pp. 220, 920, 924, 1712 –
1716.
[5] Bernard Grob and Mitton S. Kiver. Application of electronics. Syed Sons
Printer. Lahore. 1985 pp 162-167, 17