Library Management System PDF

COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM FOR LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS
A Project
Presented to
the Faculty of STI College Calamba
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
by
Alforja, Benedick M.
Bustillo, John Philip B.
Mista, Michelle G.
Navarro,Godwin P.
Jester Emann E. Peñaranda

Project Adviser
October 2018
ADVISER'S RECOMMENDATION SHEET
This Project entitled
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños
by:
Mista, Michelle G.
Navarro,Godwin P.
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology degree
has been examined and is hereby recommended
for acceptance and approval

Project Adviser
October 2018
ii
PANEL’S APPROVAL SHEET
developed by:
Mista, Michelle G.
Navarro, Godwin P.
after having been presented is hereby approved

by the following members of the panel
Fe Dalangin Yedra Norris Alexis P. Amora

Panelist Panelist
Dr. Ferdinand R. Bunag

Lead Panelist
October 2018
iii
PROJECT COORDINATOR AND DEAN’S ACCEPTANCE SHEET
After having been recommended and approved is hereby accepted

by the Information Technology Department
of STI College Calamba
Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Project Coordinator
Hiedelita J. Orencia, MAED, LPT

Academic Head
October 2018
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Adviser’s Recommendation Sheet ii
Panel’s Approval Sheet iii
Project Coordinator and Dean’s Acceptance Sheet iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
List of Appendices xvi
Abstract xvii
Preface xviii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of the Problem 1-3
1.2 Current State of Technology 1-4
1.2.1 Local Study 1-4
1.2.2 Foreign Study 1-13
1.2.3 Literature 1-22
1.2.4 Client 1-25
1.3 Objectives 1-30
1.3.1 General Objectives 1-30
1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1-30
1.3.3 Scope and Limitation 1-31
v
1.3.3.1 Scope 1-31
1.3.3.2 Limitations 1-34
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Input Process Output 2-1
2.3 Modified Waterfall Model 2-3
2.4 Document Management System 2-7
2.4.1 SQL Language Statement 2-9
2.4.2 Relational Databases 2-20
2.4.3 Data Integrity Rules 2-24
2.4.4 Structured Query Language 2-26
2.5 General System Theory 2-29
2.6 Programming Language Theory 2-31
2.7 Dewey Decimal Classification Theory 2-32
2.8 Summary 2-34
CHAPTER 3 COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR
LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS
3.2 System Design Specification 3-1
3.2.1 Hardware and Software Components 3-2
3.2.1.1 Hardware Components 3-3
3.2.1.2 Software Components 3-14
3.2.2 User Design Tool 3-23
vi
3.2.2.1 Hierarchical Input Process Output 3-22
3.2.2.2 Input Process Output 3-28
3.2.2.3 Context Diagram 3-43
3.2.2.4 Data Flow Diagram 3-44
3.2.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 3-56
3.2.2.6 Data dictionary 3-58
3.3 Summary 3-65
CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSYS
4.2 Experimental 4-1
4.2.1 Test Plan Activities 4-1
4.2.2 Test Cases 4-6
4.2.3 Test Log 4-45
4.3 Result and Analysis 4-47
4.3.1.1 Likert Scale 4-49
4.3.2 Statistical Formula 4-50
4.3.3 Survey Results 4-50
4.4 Summary 4-59
5 CONCLUSION 5-1
5.1 Recommendation 5-1
5.2 Summary 5-2
vii
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDMENT
APPENDICES
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
3-1 Hardware Components 3-3
3-2 Software Components 3-14
3-3 User Authentication 3-29
3-4 Librarian – Main Form 3-30
3-5 Admin – Main Form 3-31
3-6 Borrower Management 3-32
3-7 Book Management 3-33
3-8 Borrowing Module 3-34
3-9 Returning Module 3-35
3-10 Reports 3-36
3-11 System Settings 3-36
3-12 Computation of Penalty 3-38
3-13 User Management 3-39
3-14 Backup and Restore 3-40
3-15 Audit Trail 3-41
3-16 Borrowers Table 3-59
3-17 Faculty Table 3-59
3-18 Books Table 3-60
3-19 Cutter Number Table 3-61
3-20 Category Table 3-61
3-21 Sub-category Table 3-61
ix
3-22 Borrowing Table 3-62
3-23 Borrow Cart Table 3-62
3-24 Reserve Cart Table 3-63
3-25 Returning Table 3-63
3-26 Audit Trail Table 3-64
3-27 Users Table 3-64
4-1 Test Plan Activities 4-5
4-2 Test log 4-46
4-3 ISO 9126 Characteristics and Sub Characteristics 4-48
4-4 Likert Scale Numerical Response Ratings 4-49
4-5 Survey Results 4-51
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1-1 Logs 1-25
1-2 Transactions 1-26
1-3 Library of Liceo de Los Baños 1-28
1-4 Monthly Statistical Report 1-28
1-5 Number of Books 1-29
1-6 Books 1-29
2-1 Input Process Output 2-2
2-2 Modified Waterfall Model 2-3
2-3 Hardware 2-9
2-4 Software 2-11
2-5 Operating System Software 2-12
2-6 DBMS Software 2-13
2-7 Structured Query Languages 2-27
2-8 Programming Language Theory 2-32
3-1 System Unit 3-4
3-2 Monitor 3-5
3-3 Mouse 3-6
3-4 Keyboard 3-7
3-5 Mother Board 3-8
3-6 Computer Memory 3-9
3-7 CPU Processor 3-10
xi
3-8 Hard Disk Drive 3-11
3-9 Printer 3-12
3-10 Barcode Reader 3-14
3-11 Microsoft Windows Operating System 3-16
3-12 Visual Studio 2017 Community 3-17
3-13 MySQL 3-18
3-14 Paint 3-20
3-15 Adobe Photoshop 3-21
3-16 Acrobat Reader DC 3-22
3-17 HIPO Diagram - ADMIN 3-24
3-18 HIPO Diagram – Librarian 3-25
3-19 HIPO Diagram – Student Assistant 3-26
3-20 HIPO Diagram – KIOSK 3-27
3-21 User Authentication 3-29
3-22 Librarian Main Form 3-30
3-23 Admin – Main Form 3-31
3-24 Borrower Management 3-32
3-25 Book Management 3-33
3-26 Borrowing Module 3-34
3-27 Returning Module 3-35
3-28 Reports 3-36
3-29 System Settings 3-37
3-30 Computation of Penalty 3-38
xii
3-31 User Management 3-39
3-32 Backup and Restore 3-40
3-33 Audit Trail 3-41
3-34 Context Diagram 3-43
3-35 Level 0 – Librarian 3-45
3-36 Level 0 – Admin 3-46
3-37 Level 1 - User Authentication 3-47
3-38 Level 2 – Borrower Management 3-48
3-39 Level 3 – Book Management 3-49
3-40 Level 4 – Borrowing Module 3-50
3-41 Level 5 – Returning Module 3-50
3-42 Level 6 – Reports 3-51
3-43 Level 7 – System Settings 3-52
3-44 Level 8 –Penalty 3-53
3-45 Level 9 – User Management 3-54
3-46 Level 10 – Backup and Restore 3-54
3-47 Level 11 – Audit Trail 3-55
3-48 Entity Relationship Diagram 3-57
4-1 Test Case 1.0 Log in 4-6
4-2 Test Case 1.0 Invalid username and Password 4-7
4-3 Test Case 1.0 Log in Successfully 4-8
4-4 Test Case 2.0 Dashboard 4-9
4-5 Test Case 2.0 Book Management 4-10
xiii
4-6 Test Case 3.1 Book Successfully Updated 4-11
4-7 Test Case 3.2 Book Successfully Updated 4-12
4-8 Test Case 3.3 Book Successfully Registered 4-13
4-9 Test Case 3.4 Successfully Add copies 4-14
4-10 Test Case 3.5 Generate Call Number 4-15
4-11 Test Case 3.6 Successfully Delete Book 4-16
4-12 Test Case 3.7 Successfully Restore Book 4-17
4-13 Test Case 3.8 Library Card Confirmation 4-18
4-14 Test Case 3.9 Library Card 4-18
4-15 Test Case 4.0 Borrower Management 4-19
4-16 Test Case 4.1 Successfully Updated Borrower 4-20
4-17 Test Case 4.2 Successfully Archive Borrower 4-21
4-18 Test Case 4.3 Successfully Register Borrower 4-22
4-19 Test Case 4.4 Successfully Restored Borrower 4-23
4-20 Test Case 4.5 Successfully Delete Borrower 4-24
4-21 Test Case 5.0 Borrowing Module 4-25
4-22 Test Case 5.1 Borrow Queue Transaction Summary 4-26
4-23 Test Case 5.1 Print Queued Books 4-27
4-24 Test Case 5.1 Barcode Doesn’t Match 4-27
4-25 Test Case 5.1 Borrowing Transaction Complete 4-28
4-26 Test Case 5.2 Reserve Queue Transaction 4-29
4-27 Test Case 5.2 Book is on Waiting List 4-29
4-28 Test Case 5.2 Reserve Queue-Transaction Complete 4-30
xiv
4-29 Test Case 5.3 Borrowing History 4-31
4-30 Test Case 6.0 Returning-Barcode Doesn’t Match 4-32
4-31 Test Case 6.0 Returning Transaction Complete 4-32
4-32 Test Case 6.1 Penalty Successfully Paid 4-33
4-33 Test Case 7.0 Book Master List 4-34
4-34 Test Case 7.0 Borrowers List-JHS 4-35
4-35 Test Case 7.0 Borrowers List-SHS 4-35
4-36 Test Case 7.0 Select Date 4-36
4-37 Test Case 7.0 Monthly Statistical Report 4-36
4-38 Test Case 8.0 User Management 4-37
4-39 Test Case 8.1 Successfully Updated User 4-38
4-40 Test Case 8.2 Successfully Registered User 4-39
4-41 Test Case 9.0 Audit Trail 4-40
4-42 Test Case 9.1 Delete Log History 4-41
4-43 Test Case 10.0 Enter Borrowers ID 4-42
4-44 Test Case 10.0 Invalid Borrowers ID 4-43
4-45 Test Case 10.1 Successfully Added to Cart 4-44
4-46 Respondents’ evaluation on the functionality of the system 4-52
4-47 Respondents’ evaluation on the reliability of the system 4-53
4-48 Respondents’ evaluation on the usability of the system 4-54
4-49 Respondents’ evaluation on the efficiency of the system 4-55
4-50 Respondents’ evaluation on the maintainability of the system 4-56
4-51 Respondents’ evaluation on the portability of the system 4-57
xv
List of Appendices
Appendix
A. Gantt chart of activities A-1
B. Work Assignment B-1
C. Letter to Client C-1
D. Endorsement Form for Proposal Defense D-1
E. Letter to Adviser E-1
F. Adviser Acceptance Form F-1
G. Letter to Grammarian G-1
H. Consultation Form H-1
I. Transcript of Interview I-1
J. Sample Forms and Reports J-1
K. Research Questionnaire K-1
L. Certificate of Acceptance L-1
M. Certificate of Using Client’s Data M-1
N. Certificate of Interview N-1
O. Development Cost O-1
P. Program Listing P-1
Q. User’s Manual Q-1
R. Curriculum Vitae of Researchers R-1
xvi
Abstract
Title of research: Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños
Researchers: Benedick M. Alforja

John Philip B. Bustillo
Michelle G. Mista
Godwin P. Navarro
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Date of Completion: October 2018
Keyword: Library
The Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños was developed to establish a
system which aims to solve the problems that currently exist within the library. During the
interview, research and observation the developers tries to find the solutions on the problem
of the client. Difficulty in tracking return dates of the book causes conflict in returning
transaction. Tedious task in recording books causes delay on report and difficulty in
tracking total copies of the book and borrowed book causes tedious task in monitoring the
status of the books are some of the problems encounter in the library. Computerized Library
System for Liceo de Los Baños accepts input, processes and generates reports accurately
at any point of time. The librarian and students will also benefits by viewing the
information of the books they want and look its availability and for faster transaction inside
the library. In order to solve the existing problem, the developers proposed the
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños.
xvii
Preface
This study was primarily aimed to look into the problem of Liceo de Los Baños in the
manual transaction of its borrowing and recording of reports which results to slow library’s
operation. The developers have to come up with different discussions and brainstorming
of the study. The discussion helped the developers to formulate the statement of the
problem that will try to solve the problems relating to library management system.
Generating of statistical report also the book report and monitoring the availability of the
book. Also the tracking of returning dates cause conflict in returning transactions. From
the research, observations and interviews including the monitoring of the library’s process,
the study was able to draw significant understanding that guided them to modernize also
to renew the present manual process of the library to a computerized system. The
developers conducted an interview related on the process and transaction which were given
to the admin of the library of Liceo de Los Baños. From these references, the developers
were able to develop Computerized Library System that can help the manual process of the
library and other future researchers will benefit in this study. The following pages include
statement of the problem, related literature, objectives of the study, scope and limitation
and theoretical frameworks of the study. It also includes the user design tools which uses
diagrams to represents the modules of the system and performance analysis which tests the
functionality of the system.
xviii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
As technology is the faster growing trends, computers now a day are being part of human
life. Using advance technology specially application software the computers businesses,
organizations, schools and companies can transact and serve the clients in a very
convenient way. Library System is application software created for library functions. The
main purpose of the system is to lessen the errors and efforts in every book processing
transaction, to monitor the circulation of books in the library and maintain security in every
user [NASU2012].
Liceo de Los Baños also known as “Liceo” is a catholic school located at M Palis, Los
Baños, Laguna 4030. It was established on 1969 and the founder of the school was Rev.
Pedro N. Bantigue. The school was operating for almost forty-nine (49) years. The current
school administrator is Mr. Lolito P. Cejero Jr. and Ms. Marilyn V. Mabilangan is the
librarian, at the same time a teacher, but Ms. Mabilangan stays longer in the library than
the classroom. Liceo de Los Baños has 1,096 total numbers of students from Elementary
to Senior High School. The study covers the library of Junior High School to Senior High
School that has 630 students in total. The library’s total numbers of books are 3,925 and
have 2,738 book titles. The school library have book categories like Literature, History and
Geography, Language, Pure Science and Math, Social Science, Applied Technology, Fine
Arts, Psychology/Philosophy and also Religion books. The operating hours is 7:00 in the
morning to 4:00 in the afternoon from Monday to Friday. The library of Liceo de Los
Baños is currently using a manual way of transacting in which the borrower writes down
the information in the log book. In returning of the book borrowed, the librarian will record

the date that has been returned. Twenty (20) students are the estimated number of
borrowers per day. The school library implements a penalty wherein if the borrower’s due
date had passed, the borrower must pay two (2) pesos for the violation. The library of Liceo
generates report like monthly statistical report, Total number of books Copyright 1996 to
present, number of books and Development plan.
The developers aim to develop a Computerized Library System using Barcode Scanner for
Liceo de Los Baños, a system that will automatically generate reports and monitor the
borrowing and returning transaction in the library. The system will use a barcode scanner
for fast data retrieval and utilizes thru Short Message Service or SMS for notification in
returning borrowed books and if the book is already available it will notify the borrowers
who reserved that book. The system will also have a kiosk for searching and borrowing
books.
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños 1-2

1.1 Statement of the Problem
Generally, the existing manual systems are the only way Liceo de Los Baños handled their
business transaction. Most of the transaction techniques applied has certain weaknesses
that resulted to misinformation and slow daily performance that required the use of
Computerized Library System using Barcode Scanner.
Basically, the weaknesses include the following
• Difficulty in tracking return dates of the book causes conflict in returning
transaction.
Since the library has more than 20 borrowers per day, the librarian is having a
hard time to find the borrower information in the log book who have not returning
the borrowed book that leads to conflict in returning transaction.
• Difficulty in generating reports causes delay in reports submission.
The library has no way of recording book information that affects the generation
of reports. The librarian will only base in the log book and manually browse the
transactions to create a report for the given month. Liceo submits the reports in
DepEd such monthly statistical report and developmental plan.
• Inability of monitoring the availability of the books causes conflict in
borrowing transaction.
Since some of the book titles has only few copies, the librarian has difficulty in
tracking the status of the books if it is still available or not available. The librarian
will find the book in the shelves if there is an available book to borrow.

• Inconsistent in computing the percentage of users per month causes inaccurate
in generating monthly statistical report.
There’s an inaccurate computation of percentage of the number of users per month.
1.2 Current State of the Technology
1.2.1 Local Studies
• BOTOLAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMPUTERIZED
LIBRARY SYSTEM
A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement
of its library. The Botolan Community College Computerized Library
System located at the City of Zambales aimed to enhance the
procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized
system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the
library, i.e., lending of books, storing of books, search engine for
books, manage members of the library and secure the library system.
The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of
transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log
books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues
in searching for reading and reference materials. The study was about
the Computerized Library System for the Botolan Community
College. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and
effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and
printing of records. The system can also help in reducing the expenses

of the library such as papers, folders, pens and other materials needed
in their current system. The system is LAN-based that enables the
librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing
books, returning books, search books, and prescriptions of the
librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon
the request of authorized librarian. The assigned librarians are the only
one who can share any of the records/data of the students. The system
is not capable of sharing its data from other databases [DOBL2013].
This study was about Computerized Library System for the Botolan
Community College which also aims to ease the transaction in the
library like borrowing of books, storing of books, searching for books,
manage the users and secure the library system. This is also a LAN-
based system the only difference is that the borrowers have own
account to log in and can simply search the book they want to borrow.
The similarities of this study are the system also enable to record book
information and student information as well borrowing, returning and
searching book information.

• AN ONLINE LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH
ONLINE PUBLISHING, RETREIVAL AND SEARCHING OF
ELECTRONIC RESEARCHES
In this generation many students and individuals still using the library
as reference to their studies and researches but some of the libraries in
the other schools are using manual transactions. Systems Plus College
Foundation Andrea Villanueva Jao College Library from Angeles
City, Pampanga is still using manual transaction to encode, monitor,
issue and accommodate borrowing and returning of books. This
manual transaction is tedious and not well organized. The Andrea
Villanueva Jao College Library needs to improve library transactions
so that providing services to the students or visitors will be more
efficient. The researchers developed an Online Library Management
System with Online Publishing, Retrieval and Searching of Electronic
Researches that automates library transactions such as issuing,
returning, reserving and weeding of books. The librarian can now
issue and return book by using the barcode scanner and students ID
number instead of library card. Also, the Chief Librarian or Librarian
can view the reports online using her own account and can view the
inventory of the books, monitor the logs of students in the library,
view the list of reserved books, books borrowed and returned. With
this system the SPCF College Library is expected to be automated and
organized [WIJA2013].

This study is about Online Library Management System with Online
Publishing, Retrieval and Searching of Electronic Researches for
Systems Plus College Foundation Andrea Villanueva Jao College
Library. The system also uses barcode scanner for borrowing and
returning the books and as well as the viewing of reports, monitoring
and viewing the list of reserved books, borrowed and returned
transactions. The only difference of this study is it is an online library
system where its transaction is being done online.
• LIBRARY SYSTEM WITH WEB ANDROID BASED OPAC
Technology has been a vital part of improvement in many aspects of
life. Technology can be seen everywhere. One particular aspect that
technology helps is the maintenance of records. It can create multiple
processes in no time that any individual do manually. In this study, we
will focus on books, and when I say books I mean plenty of books. As
for this time, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University in
Cabambangan, Bacolor Pampanga (DHVTSU) doesn't have any
automatic Library System thus managing of books is hectic. Students
are the biggest affected individual because of the lack of Library
System. If you are a student and for example you want to borrow a
certain book in the library, you will need to walk a long distance in
order for you to reach the Campus library and then you will find out

that the book you want to borrow doesn't exist in the campus library,
isn't it frustrating? Isn't it a nuisance? By this inconvenience, I came
up to the study of implementing a Library System with Web Based
Online public access cataloging and Android Based Online public
access cataloging. This system will be administered by the Campus
Librarian and will be used by students and school personnel as well.
The flow of the system is each book in the library will be recorded in
the system including the number of copies of each book. If a student
borrows one book of a certain category, the Administrator will use the
system and record the event. Aside from managing books, the Online
Public Access Cataloging (OPAC) will also be of great help to
students. They can use their Android phones or use a computer to
check whether a certain book exists or if there's still a copy of that
book remaining [PAST2013].
This study is about Library System with Web Android Based OPAC
for Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University. The system
also allows the borrowers to reserve for the book that the borrowers
want and managing of the books is included in the system. The only
difference of this study is it is a web and android based library system.

• THE DOST-ESEP LIBRARIES: THE FIRST LIBRARY
NETWORK IN THE PHILIPPINES
In developed countries where the computerized library system is a
mature technology, a computerized library network is perhaps no
longer a novel project. In the Philippines however, where the
automated library system is available in only a handful of libraries,
The DOST-ESEP Library Network was envisioned to build library
resources and services in eight academic libraries and provide
connectivity by means of the information highway in the Philippines.
The (PH net), which is also the countries gateway to Internet. It was
proposed as an integral component of the Department of Science and
Technology - Engineering and Science Education Project (DOST-
ESEP). The DOST-ESEP was designed to develop manpower,
instructional and research capabilities in eight academics.
Implementation of the project was made possible through a loan from
the World Bank and counterpart funds from participating Institutions.
The DOST-ESEP Library Network Members
Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU) De la Salle University
(DLSU), Mindanao State University - lligan Institute of Technology
(MSU-IIT), University of Santo Tomas (UST), University of the
Philippines in Los Banos (UPLB) University of the Philippines in
Manila (UPM) University of the Philippines, Diliman College of

Engineering (UPDCE), University of the Philippines, Diliman
College of Science (UPDCS).
Library Collection
The existing collections were not sufficient in quantity to support the
planned manpower and research development programs. The serials
holdings were fragmented among several libraries. There was also
extensive duplication of titles. Reference materials were out of date.
The acquisition of materials was uncoordinated and costs were
prohibitive. To address these concerns, the librarians agreed to have a
cooperative scheme of acquisitions and that all serials purchased
under the DOST grant will be housed in the University of the
Philippines Diliman Campus. Engineering materials and science
materials will be housed in the UPDCE and UPDCS libraries
respectively on condition that the two libraries commit to continue
subscription to the selected journals beyond the project duration.
There would absolutely be no duplication for serials even if these titles
will be purchased using funds outside of the grant and therefore
housed in respective libraries. Reference materials will be duplicated
in each library as needed.
Library Networking
The concerns identified included the need for 1) excellent
bibliographic, subject and inventory control, 2) need for reciprocal
access to information about availability of materials and document

delivery from any of the cooperating libraries, and 3) the eventual
need for access to and from libraries outside the network. The action
proposed to address these concern included 1) the use of Bibliofile, a
CDROM cataloging resource for retro conversion, 2) the installation
of an integrated library management system in each library, and 3) the
installation of a union catalog of holdings and networked CD-ROM
abstracts and indexes to be housed in the central library, 4) the
provision of online public access to each member library via the PHnet
or for libraries outside the network, access is via the public telephone
system, 5) document delivery by fax, FTP or by post as required by
the clients [LOUR2013].
The study is about the First library network of the Philippines. The
study also concerns with the information of the books, inventory
control, monitoring each library and avoiding the duplication of data.
Installation of the library system in each library is important for the
benefit of the client.
• UNIVERSITY OF CEBU LAPU-LAPU AND MANDAUE
LIBRARY SYSTEM WITH ELECTRONIC ACCESS FOR
RESERVATION AND NOTIFICATION
In this study, the status of the current library system of the University
of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue will be improved by integrating

new features in the proposed library system. The local library system
will become a web-based system. All users including the library staff
have to register by creating an account online. All users will have to
login first before they can perform library transactions, which are now
done electronically. The proposed system will also utilize a barcode
scanner for data retrieval. It also utilizes SMS for notification and in
returning borrowed books. The proposed system will now integrate
book availability tracking and electronic news updates via SMS. The
system can also generate reports.
The main goal of this study is to improve the current library system of
the University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue. In the proposed
system, some of the library transactions can now be accessed anytime,
anywhere. These transactions include registration, book reservation,
book search, inquiry of book availability, viewing of patron’s
transaction history and cancellation of book reservation. This will
result to hassle-free library transactions and both the patron and the
staff will be benefited. The system requires each user to have an
account, thereby unauthorized access will be prevented and tracking
of library transactions will be possible. The use of a barcode scanner
will also result to faster and easier data retrieval. The utilization of
SMS will also result to accurate and updated news and notification.
Accurate reports are also made available because the proposed system
can generate it electronically in a faster and easier way. Transactions

are done electronically which will result to lesser library paper/form
usage. Therefore, reduction of cost from paper/form printing will be
achieved [ATIM2014].
The study was about the process and features of the library system of
University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue. It also utilizes barcode
scanner for fast data retrieval and SMS notification to inform the
borrower that they need to return the book. The system also includes
registration, book reservation, book search, inquiry of book
availability, viewing of borrower’s transaction history and generating
reports. The only difference is it is a web-based system and the
transaction is being done through online.
1.2.2 FOREIGN STUDIES
• LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The project titled Library Management System is Library
management software for monitoring and controlling the transactions
in a library. The project “Library Management System” is developed
in java, which mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like
adding new member, new books, and updating new information,
searching books and members and facility to borrow and return books.
“Library Management System” is a windows application written for
32-bit Windows operating systems, designed to help users maintain

and organize library. Our software is easy to use for both beginners
and advanced users. It features a familiar and well thought-out, an
attractive user interface, combined with strong searching Insertion and
reporting capabilities. The report generation facility of library system
helps to get a good idea of which are the books borrowed by the
members, makes users possible to generate reports’ hard copy. The
software Library Management System has four main modules the
Insertion to Database Module – User friendly input screen, Extracting
from Database module – Attractive Output Screen, Report Generation
module – borrowed book list & Available book list, Search Facility
system – search for books and members. The existing system all the
transaction of books is done manually, So taking more time for a
transaction like borrowing a book or returning a book and also for
searching of members and books. Another major disadvantage is that
to preparing the list of books borrowed and the available books in the
library will take more time, currently it is doing as a one-day process
for verifying all records. So, after conducting the feasibility study we
decided to make the manual Library management system to be
computerized.
The Proposed system is an automated Library Management System.
Through our software user can add members, add books, search
members, search books, update information, edit information, borrow
and return books in quick time. Our proposed system has the

following advantages, user friendly interface, fast access to database,
less error, more storage capacity, search facility, look and feel
environment, and quick transaction. All the manual difficulties in
managing the Library have been rectified by implementing
computerization [KHAN2013].
The study is about library management system which mainly focuses
on the basic operation in the library like adding new borrowers, new
books, searching, returning and borrowing of books. It is also an
advantage that the developed system is user friendly, fast access, less
errors and has quick transaction. The system will also generate
reports in hard copy. The only difference is the researcher of this study
used the programming language Java while the developers use c# for
developing the project.
• LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR KOREAN
LIBRARY NETWORK
Recently emerged Software as a Service (SaaS) ‐ based services show
that it is possible to curtail cost on operation and maintenance and also
to reduce additional expenses required for system upgrades. It also
allows creating new values by consolidating resources of individual
users on a provider's platform, which is effectively applicable to
library networks for resource sharing. The aim of this study is to
present a next‐generation SaaS‐based library management system and

its operational model. In addition, the paper seeks to discuss the
availability of knowledge‐based services for the system. First, this
study analyzes trends in open library environments, as well as issues
in the operation of library management systems. Second, it examines
differences between reference models of SaaS and those of ASP
solutions, and case studies on recent applications of the approaches
are also performed. Third, the study forecasts effects expected when
the SaaS model will be fully applied to the library network. And
finally, the study presents functional requirements and an operation
model of SaaS‐based library management systems. [CHOJ2018].
This study is a SaaS‐based or Software as a Service system that will
enhance the economic efficiency of local library operations and make
available new functionalities on an on‐demand basis. Also, its feature,
such as sharing a single platform among several libraries, facilitates
resource sharing and knowledge‐based services.
• RFID TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARIES
Implementation of Radio Frequency Identification technology in
libraries in a developing country like India has brought remarkable
improvements in the services such as shelf charging-discharging,
automated handling of materials, security, high-speed inventory and
moved beyond security to become tracking systems that combine

security with more efficient tracking of materials throughout the
library, reduced the data entry errors, enhanced customer service,
and records updates. This article is an attempt to assess the potential
of these aspects after the implementation of RFID technology and
factors responsible for the slow influx of the technology, as revealed
in the reported literature covering the concerned libraries of India. It
is hoped that the present study will help Librarians and Library
professionals in improving the return on investment and proving the
long-term security of the library.
The term Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has
come a long way both in terms of the multitude of applications and
their potential uses. Despite the involvement of RFID in a variety of
areas such as logistics, inventory control, aviation security, road, and
rail rolling, the potential implementation and use of the technology in
libraries is still in its budding stage, particularly in the case of
countries with developing economies like India. As inferred from the
fifth law of library science that ‘library is a growing organism’,
librarians are always found interested in adopting latest technologies
to provide better and efficient services to the patrons. Indeed, RFID
technology has redefined various library related services and made
every patron’s job easier and efficient, from the patrons to the library
professionals, as compared to conventional technologies like barcode,
but in a developing country like India, the high cost of implementation

and maintenance is still the major barrier in the proliferation of such
auspicious technology. After the perusal of literature based on RFID,
it is found that most of the work was carried out on different aspects
of RFID technology and none of them systematically covered them
keeping focus the availability of technology in libraries. The aim of
the paper is to present the descriptive literature reviews (the abstract
section of the source papers) and integrative literature reviews
(reference the conclusion) on different facets of RFID technology
with emphasis on select libraries of India as revealed in the literature
available online [DESI2017].
This study is about the libraries having Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) technology that provides high security in every
transaction. By the use of this technology it has made every user’s job
easier and efficient. This is study has automated handling of
materials, security, high-speed inventory and moved beyond security
to become tracking systems that combine security with more efficient
tracking of materials throughout the library, reduced the data entry
errors, enhanced customer service, and records updates.
• SANTA ISABEL COLLEGE LIBRARY
In the case of Isabel College Library, it was originally housed in Casa
Real de la Miseracordia, an institution which took care of the

orphaned daughters of the Spanish soldiers who were for the service
of the King. Most of its collections were books written in Spanish.
Religious books outnumbered the other collections. Several years
later, it was destroyed by the fire during the liberation of Manila. The
Sisters sought refuge at Sta. Rita College which was fortunately
spared from the ravaged of war.
The proposed computerized library system would improve the
monitoring capacities of library materials that are being acquired,
borrowed, and returned. Moreover, with the provision of determining
whether the book is available or not, it would be lot easier for the
librarian and the staff to look for a specific book as well as the duration
of the book and the date of its return. Finally, the librarian will no
longer find it difficult to conduct the inventory of books as the
proposed system will arrange it orderly for easy generation of reports.
The propose system aims to come up with a system that would ease
the members of the library from the different inconvenience that the
current system gives them. The presence of an accurate and reliable
system is a very good asset of any institution for it productivity for the
staff. It is also another service that can be proudly offered to its
students as far as the school’s innovation is concerned. This study can
serve as a source and as a basis for future researchers who will propose
and later on develop the same field of study. The computerized library
system aims to give convenience to the future researchers in making

their transactions easier and convenient, thus are system also aims to
bring back the interest of future researchers in using the library when
it comes to their school works. Through the computerized library
system, students can easily find the books they need without going
through the inconvenient traditional way of searching a library
material. Convenience is more visible for it is not time-consuming,
resulting to a number of accomplished works. The propose system
will lessen the time consume in searching of the material that they
need [PINE2013].
This study is about the computerized library system of Santa Isabel
College which aims to help the daily maintenance of records of the
borrowed and returned books, it will also help to keep record of the
students who frequently visit the library and in managing all the
reports inside the library.
• SEARCH OXFORD LIBRARIES ONLINE
SOLO (Search Oxford Libraries Online) is an online catalogue of the
largest university library system in the UK with over 100 libraries,
including OCMS Library. The OCMS Library catalogue lists only our
own collections.
The magnificent reference library at OCMS is housed in the
architecturally award-winning adapted Anglican Church associated

with the Oxford Movement, in modern customized bookcases on both
sides of a nave. We hold over 18,000 books, plus journals and grey
materials, including pamphlets, reports, ephemera and archives, plus
theses from past students and scholars and of course, all our own
publications. Our library collections focus on the Two-Thirds World
(Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin America) and cover both the
Humanities (Theology, Biblical studies, Religious studies) and the
Social Sciences (Anthropology, International Development,
Diaspora/Refugee Studies, Research Methods). The range of subjects
includes holistic mission, translation and contextualization,
globalization, poverty, conflict resolution, HIV/AIDS, and
development projects.
Additionally, OCMS is open to archiving special missions’
collections where it is felt that these might be useful in the research of
scholars at the Centre. Interested parties are welcome to come to the
Centre to meet the librarian and students, and to discuss the
possibilities. As an essential part of the Research Induction School,
OCMS scholars are issued with a Bodleian Library Reader’s Card
which provides access for reference to the Bodleian Library, the
principal Oxford University library and a national library of legal
deposit with over 11 million printed items and 50,000 e-journals.
Shortly after arriving in Oxford, during the Research Induction
School, OCMS Scholars are issued with a Bodleian Library Reader’s

Card which provide the student with reading access to key parts of
what is the largest university library system in the UK [BEND2018].
This study is about the online library of Oxford that hold over 100
libraries. The study aims to help the daily maintenance of records of
the borrowed and returned books, it will also help to keep record of
the students who frequently visit the library and in managing all the
reports through online.
1.2.3 LITERATURE
Libraries were known to be physical buildings for housing collections of
books, journals, manuscripts and other recorded information. In today world
we see a greater change in the way libraries were operated. Most libraries that
store physical media like books, periodicals, film, and other objects adhere to
some derivative of the Dewey Decimal System as their method for tagging,
storing, and retrieving materials based on unique identifiers. These constructs
include master catalogs, domain catalogs, indexes, unique identifiers, unique
identifier tokens, and artifacts. There are three (3) types of libraries the
Academic, Public, and School Libraries. Academic Libraries serve colleges
and universities, their students, staff and faculty. Many academic librarians
become specialists in an area of knowledge and can have faculty status. In
Public Libraries serve communities of all sizes and types. Often have
departments that focus on areas of service, such as youth, teens and adults.
And in School Libraries are usually parts of a school system, and serve

students between Kindergarten and grade 12. Many are called media centers,
and librarians are often required to have a second degree in education or a
certificate in school media. Libraries also have issuing and returning,
recording of all materials inside the library. Every library either use Open
library or Close Library. Open Library it is the users who will look for the
materials or books inside the library. In Close Library, the librarian has the
overall in charge in looking for the materials in the library.
• Short Message Service (SMS) Notification
It entails the use of mobile telephony systems to disseminate
information in the form of text messages and multimedia content such
as videos, images and audio files. Libraries use this service to alert
patrons regarding on fees and issue return notification. SMS is most
commonly used for text messaging to notify other people and use for
other businesses.
• Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)
Due to online presence of catalogues, users are able to retrieve and
access information resources in a timelier manner. Current OPACs can
be accessed through the use mobile technology such as cell phones.
Library users no longer need to be within the library walls for them to
access OPACS and library databases. Information seekers retrieve
various information sources through mobile Online Public Access
Catalogues and mobile based databases [SHON2017].

From the literature review, Library Management System is a computer-
based system that manages the catalogue of a library. The main
purpose of this system is to manage library daily operation efficiently.
There are three (3) types of libraries the Academic, Public, and School
Libraries. These libraries serve the community of all sizes and types
Libraries are categorized by two, the open and close library. By using
library management system, it is time saving and increases
innovativeness. Through the use of technology, libraries can employ
various information dissemination techniques such as SMS
notifications and OPACs. From the literature reviewed, the developers
concluded that information literacy skills and technology are necessary
for effective information provision and access.

1.2.4 CLIENT
• LICEO DE LOS BANOS
According to Ms. Marilyn Mabilangan, the library of Liceo de Los baños
is currently using a manual library system where in the librarian uses log
books, papers, and folders to record all the transactions inside the library.
In borrowing of the books, the borrower writes down the date and time
they have arrive in the library, name of the borrower and the purpose of
borrowing the book as shown in figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1 Logs

Then the borrowers will tell what books will they borrow, next the
librarian will go to the bookshelf to find the title of the book. After
that the librarian will record the name of the borrower and the
information of the book in the log book as shown in figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2 Transactions
In returning of the books, the borrower will give the book to the
librarian and look for the record in the log book then the librarian will
note the date it has been returned as shown in figure 1-2. Then the
librarian will return the book on the shelf. And if the student will take
home the borrowed book, the same procedure may apply but the due

date of returning is on the following day. The library of Liceo de Los
Baños is a closed library where in the librarian has the over all in
charge in the library. Teachers are allowed to borrow book from the
library and record it in the log book. The librarian doesn’t any
encounter in issuing penalty to the borrowers, Ms. Mabilangan have
explained that the library has rules in issuing penalties. If the
borrower’s due date had passed, the borrower must pay two (2) pesos
for that violation. Holidays, Weekends and Suspension of classes are
considered and it will not record as penalty. When the borrower lost
or wear out the book, the borrower should replace it a new one with
the same book title. The library is not selling their books, only to the
office of the registrar are allowed to sell books to the students. The
library also has Monthly Statistical Report and they submit it to
Department of Education.

Figure 1-3 Library of Liceo de Los Baños
Figure 1-4 Monthly Statistical Report

Figure 1-5 Number of Books
Figure 1-6 Books

1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objective
The general objectives of this project is to develop a Computerized Library
Management System using Barcode Scanner with Information Kiosk that
consists of different modules where the logging in, borrowing of books,
returning of books and generating of reports can be easily done. At the same
time is to boost their accuracy and efficiency terms of processing.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
• To create a module that will remind the borrower to return the book
through SMS notification.
The developers aim to develop a module that will remind the borrower to
return the book and also to inform the next borrower who has reservation
through SMS notification.
• To develop a system that will provide and record on demand reports such
as book master list and monthly statistical report.
The developers aim to develop a module that enables them to lessen their
work in generating reports especially the monthly statistical report without
consuming much time.

• To create a kiosk that monitors the availability of the books in the
library.
The developers aim to create a kiosk for the borrowers that can easily monitor
the available books in the library. Also, the borrowers can reserve and
borrow books through the kiosk.
• To create a module that will automatically generate Monthly Statistical
Report.
The developers aim to create a module that will help the librarian to compute
accurate result for the monthly statistical report.
1.3.3 Scope and Limitations
1.3.3.1 Scope
• User Authentication Module - the log-in module that allows user
to enter their valid username and password to access their own
account for the protection of the system.
▪ Admin– this user can manipulate the technical part in the
system like User management, Audit trail and Backup and
restore.
▪ Librarian – this user can access the overall transaction in the
library.
▪ Student Assistant– this user can only the access the
borrowing module, returning module, penalty and reports.

▪ Forgot Password Form – this form allows the users to
change the old password.
• User Management Module – this module allows admin to add and
update user information.
• Book Management Module – allows the librarian to search, add,
archive and edit the book information.
▪ List of books - allows the librarian to view the availability
of the books, the total number and the information of the
books.
▪ Archive Form – allows the librarian to archive the book if
the condition of the book is missing, lost, obsolete and
damage.
• Borrowing Module – the borrowing module allows the librarian to
issue books to the borrower.
▪ Borrowing Queue – queuing of the student borrowing
request.
▪ Reserve Queue – queuing of the students reserving request.
▪ Borrow History – view the borrowing history of the system.
• Returning Module – the returning module allows the user to return
the borrowed book in the library.
• Borrower Management Module – this module allows the users to
add, edit and archive the information of the students.

▪ List of Borrowers– search and view all the list of the
students.
• Reports Generated - the system has the capability to produce
reports. All report can be printed or exported to PDF. This reports
includes:
▪ Borrowing Transaction Report – the user can view and
print the reports the borrowing transaction.
▪ Monthly Statistical Report – the system will produce the
statistical report of the whole month.
▪ Borrowers Master List Report – the system allows the user
to print and view the list of borrowers.
▪ Books Master List Report – the system allows the user to
print and view the list of books information.
• Audit Trail – allows the admin to view all the log history of the
system.
• Statistics – allows the user to view the statistics of the number of
users per month and the total enrollment.
• Back-up and Restore – backing up the data in case of a loss and
setting up systems that allow data recovery due to data loss.
• Barcode Scanner – allows the user to scan the books for fast data
retrieval.
• Short Message Service (SMS) Notifications – the system will
notify the borrowers who haven’t returning the books and if the book

is already available it will notify the borrower who reserved for that
book.
• Kiosk – allows the borrowers to access their account to search for
the related books, look for availability and borrow the book using
the kiosk.
• Computation of Penalty – the system will automatically compute
the penalty of the students.
1.3.3.2 Limitations
• The borrowers can only reserve books through the kiosk.
Since it is a LAN based, the borrowers can only reserve books in the
kiosk inside the library. The borrowers will notify via SMS if the
book is already available.
• The system needs broadband SIM-card for the SMS
Notification.
For the borrowers to keep informed the system needs internet
connection for automatic SMS Notification.
• The system will not cover Automatic Backup and Restore
The system will only cover the manual back-up and restore.

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
This chapter gives information about the concepts used by the developers, together with
their definition which is used in Computerized Library System for Liceo De Los Baños
which is a type of a Transaction Processing System. This chapter will give the
relationship of the existing technologies and theories that will implement to the develop
system.
In developing the Computerized Library System for Liceo De Los Baños the
developers used the following: Input Process Output model and System Development
Life Cycle for describing the structure of the developed system. The developers also
applied the existing theories and technology in the system such as Theory of Database,
General System Theory, Modern User Interface and Design, Programming Language
Theory and Dewey Decimal Classification Theory.
2.2 Input Process Output
This work describes the application of an Input–Process–Output (IPO) model as a
framework for a life-cycle analysis approach to identify performance metrics and
criteria for evaluating the application of nanomaterials to improve the sustainability of
a system. It provides a framework for conceptualizing the system. It is widely used
approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of
an information processing program or another process. A program used input process
output model receives inputs from the user [MACC2014].

Figure 2-1 Input Process Output
o Input
Input can take on many varied forms from data fields entered on a web-
page to an analog circuit sensing a rise in temperature in a room
[TEAM2013].
The developers use this to enter the information into a computer system,
examples include: typed text, mouse clicks, etc.
o Process
Process can also come in many different forms depending upon the
program being executed or ran [TEAM2013].
It is use to change or transform the input into output and also provide
information to the users.
o Output
Output can be as simple as a field in a file being updated, to a payroll check,
to a voluminous report being printed on a high-speed printer [TEAM2013].
Output is the result flowing out of the system. It is the information that we
can use and understand by the users.

2.3 Modified Waterfall Model
Steve McConnell was the first one to describe the Modified waterfall model back in
1996. The modified waterfall model uses the same phases as the pure waterfall model.
In response to the perceived problems with the pure waterfall model, modified waterfall
model have been introduced. This enables the phases to overlap when needed. The
modified waterfall can also split into subproject at an appropriate phase (such as after
the hardware design and software design). In response to the perceived problems with
the pure waterfall model, many modified waterfall models have been introduced
[RAYO2015].
Figure 2-2 Modified Waterfall Model
o Planning Phase
The Planning phase is the most crucial step in creating a successful system, during
this phase you decide exactly what you want to do and the problems you’re trying

to solve, by defining the problems, the objectives and the resources such as
personnel and costs, studying the ability of proposing alternative solutions after
meeting with clients, suppliers, consultants and employees and studying how to
make your product better than your competitors After analyzing this data you will
have three choices: develop a new system, improve the current system or leave the
system as it is [ALWA2015].
During the planning phase the developers identifies all of the work to be
done. Defining the problems, the objectives and the resources such as
personnel and costs. Collection of information is done through
observations, client interviews, and surveys. In planning, it includes the
brainstorming within the group, the finding of client and what will be the
ideas in this proposed system.
o Analysis Phase
The end-user’s requirements should be determined and documented, what
their expectations are for the system, and how it will perform. A feasibility
study will be made for the project as well, involving determining whether
it’s organizationally, economically, socially, technologically feasible. It’s
very important to maintain strong communication level with the clients to
make sure you have a clear vision of the finished product and its function
[ALWA2015].

During this phase it is often done with the assistance of client focus groups,
which provide an explanation of the needs and what are the expectations
for the finished product and how it will perform. The project team
documents all of the user requirements and gets a sign-off from the client
and management to move forward with system design.
o Design Phase
The design phase comes after a good understanding of customer’s
requirements, this phase defines the elements of a system, the components,
the security level, modules, architecture and the different interfaces and type
of data that goes through the system. A general system design can be done
with a pen and a piece of paper to determine how the system will look like
and how it will function, and then a detailed and expanded system design is
produced, and it will meet all functional and technical requirements,
logically and physically [ALWA2015].
During this phase the developers determine how the system will look like
and how it will function, and then a detailed and expanded system design is
produced, and it will meet all functional and technical requirements,
logically and physically.

o Implementation Phase
This phase comes after a complete understanding of system requirements
and specifications, it’s the actual construction process after having a
complete and illustrated design for the requested system. In the Software
Development Life Cycle, the actual code is written here, and if the system
contains hardware, then the implementation phase will contain
configuration and fine-tuning for the hardware to meet certain requirements
and functions. In this phase, the system is ready to be deployed and installed
in customer’s premises, ready to become running, live and productive,
training may be required for end users to make sure they know how to use
the system and to get familiar with it, the implementation phase may take a
long time and that depends on the complexity of the system and the solution
it presents [ALWA2015].
During the implementation phase developers execute the plans laid out in
the design phase. The developers design the database, generate the code for
the data flow process and design the actual user interface screens. This
phase comes after a complete understanding of system requirements and
specifications, it’s the actual construction process after having a complete
and illustrated design for the requested system.
o Maintenance Phase
In this phase, periodic maintenance for the system will be carried out to
make sure that the system won’t become obsolete, this will include

replacing the old hardware and continuously evaluating system’s
performance, it also includes providing latest updates for certain
components to make sure it meets the right standards and the latest
technologies to face current security threats. These are the main six phases
of the System Development Life Cycle, and it’s an iterative process for each
project. It’s important to mention that excellent communication level should
be maintained with the customer, and Prototypes are very important and
helpful when it comes to meeting the requirements. By building the system
in short iterations; we can guarantee meeting the customer’s requirements
before we build the whole system [ALWA2015].
This phase confirms the software operation in terms of more efficiency and
less errors. The software is maintained timely by updating the code
according to the changes taking place in user end environment or
technology. This phase may face challenges from hidden bugs and real-
world unidentified problems. This is also where changes are made to initial
software. It involves continuous evaluation of the system in terms of its
performance.
2.4 Document Management System
A Database Management System allows a person to organize, store, and retrieve data
from a computer. It is a way of communicating with a computer’s “stored memory.” In
the very early years of computers, “punch cards” were used for input, output, and data

storage. Punch cards offered a fast way to enter data, and to retrieve it. Herman
Hollerith is given credit for adapting the punch cards used for weaving looms to act as
the memory for a mechanical tabulating machine, in 1890. Much later, databases came
along. Databases (or DBs) have played a very important part in the recent evolution of
computers. The first computer programs were developed in the early 1950s, and
focused almost completely on coding languages and algorithms. At the time, computers
were basically giant calculators and data (names, phone numbers) was considered the
leftovers of processing information. Computers were just starting to become
commercially available, and when business people started using them for real-world
purposes, this leftover data suddenly became important. Enter the Database
Management System (DBMS). A database, as a collection of information, can be
organized so a Database Management System can access and pull specific
information. In 1960, Charles W. Bachman designed the Integrated Database System,
the “first” DBMS. IBM, not wanting to be left out, created a database system of their
own, known as IMS. Both database systems are described as the forerunners
of navigational databases. By the mid-1960s, as computers developed speed and
flexibility, and started becoming popular, many kinds of general use database systems
became available. As a result, customers demanded a standard be developed, in turn
leading to Bachman forming the Database Task Group. This group took responsibility
for the design and standardization of a language called Common Business Oriented
Language (COBOL). The Database Task Group presented this standard in 1971, which
also came to be known as the “CODASYL approach” [FOOT2017].

Users can insert new information into the database, and delete, change, or retrieve
existing information in the database, by issuing requests or commands to the software
that manages the database. It encapsulates a broad range of topics related to the study
and research of the theoretical realm of databases and database management systems.
2.4.1 SQL Language Statement
o Hardware
Consists of a set of physical electronic devices such as computers, I/O
devices, storage devices, etc., this provides the interface between computers
and the real-world systems [ROUS2006].
The hardware helps the developers to make a system and also
documentation by using devices like computer or laptop, printer and other
storage devices.
Figure 2-3 Hardware

o Software
Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs.
Related terms such as software programs, applications, scripts, and
instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software.
Therefore, installing new programs or applications on your computer is
synonymous with installing new software on your computer. Software can
be difficult to describe because it is "virtual," or not physical like
computer hardware. Instead, software consists of lines of code written by
computer programmers that have been compiled into a computer program.
Software programs are stored as binary data that is copied to a
computer's hard drive, when it is installed. Since software is virtual and does
not take up any physical space, it is much easier (and often cheaper) to
upgrade than computer hardware [TECH2006].
By using software, this will help the developers to create a system software
and documentation. Software is often packaged on CD-ROMs and diskettes.
Today, much purchased software, shareware, and freeware is downloaded
over the Internet. A new trend is software that is made available for use at
another site known as an application service provider.

Figure 2-4 Software
o Operating System Software
Often abbreviated as OS, an operating system is a powerful, and usually
large, program that controls and manages the hardware and other software
on a computer [FISH2018].
Operating System Software provides various services to the users by
managing both hardware and software. Without Operating System
computer programs won’t work. This is the most important software.

Figure 2-5 Operating System Software
o Database Management System
Organizations produce and gather data as they operate. Contained in a
database, data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in
a way that supports processes requiring this information. Knowing how this
can be managed effectively is vital to any organization. Organizations
employ Database Management Systems (or DBMS) to help them
effectively manage their data and derive relevant information out of it. A
DBMS is a technology tool that directly supports data management. It is a
package designed to define, manipulate, and manage data in a database.
Some general functions of a DBMS are designed to allow the definition,
creation, querying, update, and administration of databases, define rules to

validate the data and relieve users of framing programs for data
maintenance, convert an existing database, or archive a large and growing
one and run business applications, which perform the tasks of managing
business processes, interacting with end-users and other applications, to
capture and analyze data. Some well-known DBMSs are Microsoft SQL
Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle, SAP, and others [ADMI2013].
A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation,
querying, update, and administration of databases. This will be a big help
to the developers who is developing a system software
Figure 2-6 DBMS Software

o Application Programs and Utility Software
Application Software is the specific that can do specified application.
Application Software is designed to fulfill the requirement to people.
Application Software enables a computer to perform a specific task such as
handling financial accounting, processing words, preparing exam result,
producing bills, manipulating images and videos, etc. Application Software
does its tasks with the help of operating system. There are two types of
Application Software. They are, Packaged Software and Customized or
Tailored Software. Utility Software is the helpful software that performs
specific tasks related to the maintenance of computer hardware and data.
Utility Software helps to keep a computer in the smooth functioning
condition. Utility Software provides facilities for performing tasks like
transferring data and file, recovering lost data and file, searching and
removing computer viruses, disk management etc. PC Tools, Download
Accelerator (DAP), SplitFile, Anti Viruses, WinZip, WinRaR, Defrag,
Norton Disk Doctor (NDD), Register Cleaner, History Cleaner, etc. are
some examples of Utility Software [KARA2017].
By using an Application Programs and Utility Software, it is very easy for
the developers to develop a system and make a documentation because it
has many resources to use. Utility software helps the developers to maintain
the computer programs in a good condition.

o People
▪ System Administrator
System administrator job responsibilities vary greatly among
employers. In a large enterprise, the title system administrator may
be used to describe any administrator who is responsible for a
specialized IT system such the one that supports servers. Depending
upon the specialty, the systems administrator may also be known as
a data center administrator, a network operations center (NOC)
administrator, a virtualization administrator, a server administrator
or a database administrator [ROUS2017].
System Administrations or sysadmin is the one who manages the
computer system, maintain all the things that a computer has and to
use it in good condition.
▪ Database Administrators
A database administrator (DBA) directs or performs all activities
related to maintaining a successful database environment.
Responsibilities include designing, implementing, and maintaining
the database system; establishing policies and procedures pertaining
to the management, security, maintenance, and use of the database
management system; and training employees in database
management and use. A DBA is expected to stay abreast of

emerging technologies and new design approaches. Typically, a
DBA has either a degree in Computer Science or some on-the-job
training with a particular database product or more extensive
experience with a range of database products. A DBA is usually
expected to have experience with one or more of the major database
management products, such as Structured Query Language, SAP,
and Oracle-based database management software [ROUS2005].
Enhance database performance, perform restores, implement
recovery procedures, handle performance tuning and conduct
regular system backups. Ensure technical and functional designs
meet business requirements.
▪ Database Designer
Database design is the process of producing a detailed data
model of database. This data model contains all the needed logical
and physical design choices and physical storage parameters needed
to generate a design in a data definition language, which can then be
used to create a database. A fully attributed data model contains
detailed attributes for each entity. The term database design can be
used to describe many different parts of the design of an
overall database system. Principally, and most correctly, it can be
thought of as the logical design of the base data structures used to

store the data. In the relational model these are the tables and views.
In an object database the entities and relationships map directly to
object classes and named relationships. However, the term database
design could also be used to apply to the overall process of
designing, not just the base data structures, but also the forms and
queries used as part of the overall database application within
the database management system (DBMS) [LACE2018].
The Database Designer displays all the tables, views, and
relationships contained in a database. It shows persistent
relationships by displaying lines between tables that connect the
indexes.
▪ System Analyst and Programmers
Systems Programmer is a professional whose responsibilities
include analyzing, documenting, installing, developing and also
maintaining operating system software which includes utility
software and also job control languages. Yet another responsibility
is providing technical support to the users concerning the system
software and also utilities. Systems Analyst is a professional whose
responsibilities include systems analysis, database management and
also user support. Other roles of a Systems Analyst include
application creation, provide consultative feedback concerning

systems development, translating project needs into actual technical
requirements and benefit analysis. Both these professionals can earn
good salary packages in reputed organizations [AUGU2013].
System Analyst and programmers recommend changes to improve
systems, analyze business needs and translate them into product
design, and write technical specifications for other analysts to use.
▪ End Users
Information technology, the term end user is used to distinguish the
person for whom a hardware or software product is designed from
the developers, installers, and servicers of the product. The "end"
part of the term probably derives from the fact that most information
technologies involve a chain of interconnected product components
at the end of which is the "user." Frequently, complex products
require the involvement of other-than-end users such as installers,
administrators, and system operators. The term end user thus
distinguishes the user for which the product is designed from other
users who are making the product possible for the end user. Often,
the term user would suffice [ROUS2005].
End users have access to modern tools and collaboration features
independent of their device. They are the one who uses the finished
products/services that developers developed.

o Procedures
Provides an important layer of security between the user interface and the
database. It supports security through data access controls because end users
may enter or change data, but do not write procedures. A stored procedure
preserves data integrity because information is entered in a consistent manner.
It improves productivity because statements in a stored procedure only must be
written once [ROUS2017].
Stored procedures program statements to perform operations in the database
and return a status value to a calling procedure or batch. Stored procedures
are designed to return outputs to the application, while a user-defined function
returns table variables and cannot change the server environment or operating
system environment.
▪ Data
In computing, data is information that has been translated into a
form that is efficient for movement or processing. Relative to
today's computers and transmission media, data is information
converted into binary digital form. It is acceptable for data to be
used as a singular subject or a plural subject. Raw data is a term used
to describe data in its most basic digital format. The concept of data
in the context of computing has its roots in the work of Claude
Shannon, an American mathematician known as the father of

information theory. He ushered in binary digital concepts based on
applying two-value Booleanlogic to electronic circuits. Binary digit
formats underlie the CPUs, semiconductor memories and disk
drives, as well as many of the peripheral devices common in
computing today. Early computer input for both control and data
took the form of punch cards, followed by magnetic tape and
the hard disk [ROUS2017].
The data is then hand entered, copy and pasted, or imported into a
desktop application that will be used for data analysis. Multiple
applications may even be used, such as Excel for tabulating the
data, and a separate stand-alone application for statistical analysis.
2.4.2 Relational Databases
o Primary key
In the world of databases, the primary key of a relational table uniquely
identifies each record in the table. Databases use keys to compare, sort,
and store records, and to create relationships between records. Choosing
the primary key in a database is one of the most important steps in the
process. It can be a normal attribute that is guaranteed to be unique such
as Social Security number on a table with no more than one record per
person or – preferably – it can be generated by the database management
system such as a globally unique identifier, or GUID, in Microsoft SQL

Server. Primary keys may consist of a single attribute or multiple
attributes in combination. Primary keys are the unique links to related
information in other tables where the primary key is used. It must be
entered when a record is created, and it should never be changed. Each
table in the database has a column or two specifically for the primary
key [CHAP2018].
The primary key concept is critical to an efficient relational database.
Without primary key and closely related foreign key concepts, relational
databases would not work.
o Domain
A database domain, at its simplest, is the data type used by a column in a
database. This data type can be a built-in type (such as an integer or a string)
or a custom type that defines constraints on the data [CHAP2018].
Attaching a domain to an attribute means that any value for the attribute
must be an element of the specified set. The character string "ABC", for
instance, is not in the integer domain, but the integer value 123 is. Another
example of domain describes the possible values for the field "Gender" as
("Male","Female"). So, the field "Gender" will not accept input values like
(0,1) or (M,F).

o Foreign Key
Foreign key is used to create relationships between tables. Natural
relationships exist between tables in most database structures. Returning to
our Employees database, imagine that we wanted to add a table containing
departmental information to the database. This new table might be called
Departments and would contain a large amount of information about the
department as a whole. We’d also want to include information about the
employees in the department, but it would be redundant to have the same
information in two tables. Instead, we can create a relationship between the
two tables [CHAP2018].
In making a database for a system it should have foreign keys for the tables
to have connections between the tables. Also in making an Entity
Relationship Diagram foreign key is the best to use to show the connections
of the table.
o Tuple
A tuple is an ordered set of values. The separator for each value is often a
comma. Common uses for the tuple as a data type are (1) for passing a
string of parameters from one program to another, and (2) representing a
set of value attributes in a relational database. In some languages, tuples
can be nested within other tuples within parentheses or brackets or other
delimiters. Tuples can contain a mixture of other data types [ROUS2005].

Tuples is also called the row of a table where it has need to be filled with
information.
o Relation
A common term used in database design is a "relational database"—but a
database relation is not the same thing and does not imply, as its name
suggests, a relationship between tables. Rather, a database relation simply
refers to an individual table in a relational database. In a relational database,
the table is a relation because it stores the relation between data in its
column-row format. The columns are the table's attributes, while the rows
represent the data records. A single row is known as a tuple to database
designers. A relation, or table, in a relational database has certain
properties. First off, its name must be unique in the database, i.e. a database
cannot contain multiple tables of the same name. Next, each relation must
have a set of columns or attributes, and it must have a set of rows to contain
the data. As with the table names, no attributes can have the same name
[CHAP2018].
A relation, or table, in a relational database has certain properties. First
off, its name must be unique in the database, i.e. a database cannot contain
multiple tables of the same name. Next, each relation must have a set of

columns, or attributes, and it must have a set of rows to contain the data.
As with the table names, no attributes can have the same name.
o Attributes
Each column (attribute) contains describing characteristics of the rows. A
database attribute is a column name and the content of the fields under it in
a table in a database [CHAP2018].
Attributes are defined in terms of their domain. A domain defines the
allowable values that this attribute can contain. This could include its data
type, length, values and other details.
2.4.3 Data Integrity Rules
o Entity Integrity Constraints
In such a database, each table maintains one or more primary key attributes
(columns) to uniquely identify the records (rows) they store. These
attributes may be present on other tables as foreign keys to establish the
relationships which describe the ways in which the tables are related. This
allows the tables of the database to map the data in a given domain, e.g. a
company, IT application and so on. Each relationship between two tables
has a degree, i.e. one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:M} or many-to-many
(M:N), to determine its cardinality. Principal constraints on these
relationships, defined by Codd in 1979 [2], concern entity integrity to

guarantee the uniqueness of the primary keys in each table, and referential
integrity to prevent mismatched foreign keys in the relationships between
tables. Both constraint types are used by an RDBMS to ensure the ACID
properties of database transactions for CRUD (create, read, update and
delete) operations [OSHE2017].
Entity Integrity ensures that there are no duplicate records within the table
and that the field that identifies each record within the table is unique and
never null.
o Foreign Integrity Constraints
A table typically has a column or combination of columns that contain
values that uniquely identify each row in the table. This column, or columns,
is called the primary key (PK) of the table and enforces the entity integrity
of the table. Because primary key constraints guarantee unique data, they
are frequently defined on an identity column. When you specify a primary
key constraint for a table, the Database Engine enforces data uniqueness by
automatically creating a unique index for the primary key columns. This
index also permits fast access to data when the primary key is used in
queries. If a primary key constraint is defined on more than one column,
values may be duplicated within one column, but each combination of
values from all the columns in the primary key constraint definition must
be unique [CONT2017].

Foreign key constraints is used to link two tables. The table containing the
foreign is called the child table, and the table containing the candidate key
is called the referenced or parent table.
2.4.4 Structured Query Language (SQL)
Initially created in the 1970s, SQL is regularly used by database
administrators, as well as by developers writing data integration scripts and
data analysts looking to set up and run analytical queries. SQL became the
de facto standard programming language for relational databases after they
emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Also known as SQL databases,
relational systems comprise a set of tables containing data in rows and
columns. SQL is a standardized query language for requesting information
from a database and performing various operations on the data in them. The
uses of SQL include modifying database table and index structures; adding,
updating and deleting rows of data; and retrieving subsets of information
from within a database for transaction processing and analytics applications.
Queries and other SQL operations take the form of commands written as
statements -- commonly used SQL statements include select, add, insert,
update, delete, create, alter and truncate [ROUS2017].
SQL commands are divided into several different types, among them data
manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL). The
transaction controls help manage transaction processing, ensuring that

transactions are either completed or rolled back if errors or problems
occur. The security statements are used to control database access as well
as to create user roles and permissions.
Figure 2-7 Structured Query Languages (SQL)
o Major Components
▪ Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data manipulation is the process of changing data in an effort to
make it easier to read or be more organized. For example, a log of
data could be organized in alphabetical order, making individual
entries easier to locate. Data manipulation is often used on server
logs to allow a website owner to view their most popular pages as
well as their traffic sources. Users in the Accounting field or other
fields that work with numbers often manipulate data to figure out

costs of products, trends in sales, potential tax obligations, or how
well merchandise is selling per week or month. Stock market
analysts are frequently using data manipulation to predict trends in
the stock market and how stocks might perform in the near future.
Computers may also use data manipulation to display information
to users in a more meaningful way, based on code in a software
program, web page, or data formatting defined by a user
[HOPE2017].
Data Manipulation Language is used to retrieve and manipulate
data in the system.
▪ Data Definition Language (DDL)
Stands for "Data Definition Language." A DDL is a language used
to define data structures and modify data. For example, DDL
commands can be used to add, remove, or modify tables within in
a database. DDLs used in database applications are considered a
subset of SQL, the Structured Query Language. However, a DDL
may also define other types of data, such as XML [CHRI2015].
Data Definition Language statements are for defining and
modifying database structures.

▪ Data Control Language (DCL)
The Data Control Language (DCL) is a subset of the Structured
Query Language (SQL) and allows database administrators to
configure security access to relational databases. It complements the
Data Definition Language (DDL), which is used to add and delete
database objects, and the Data Manipulation Language (DML) used
to retrieve, insert, and modify the contents of a database. DCL is the
simplest of the SQL subsets, as it consists of only three commands:
GRANT, REVOKE, and DENY. Combined, these three commands
provide administrators with the flexibility to set and remove
database permissions in an extremely granular fashion
[CHAP2018].
Data Control Language are used to control the user access to the
database, tables, views, procedures, functions and packages. They
give different levels of access to the objects in the database.
2.5 General System Theory
Systems theory provides a useful theoretical framework for understanding the
textile recycling process. Because of a holistic view, systemic thinking helps to
explain the connectedness, interdependencies, feedback processes, and integration
of the textile recycling system. General Systems Theory (GST) was first presented
in the 1950s by Bertalanffy. His intent was to provide a superstructure that could

be applied to various scientific fields. Bertalanffy’s work stimulated many theorists
to apply systems theories to their own field in one form or another. As a result, GST
has been applied to economics, biology, organizations, and engineering, to name a
few. It has been only recently that systems theory has been applied to complex
social systems. Mayrhofer pointed out that humans were an ‘essential element in
the system’s environment ’GST, as it applies to social systems, provides a way of
better understanding human and social units that are not only distinct, but also
interrelated.
Social systems theory offers a unified framework for the analysis of social reality
at a higher level. The theory allows for the understanding of individual behavior in
the context of the environment and situational factors. For example, rather than
simply acknowledging the importance of environmental factors, social systems
theory makes it clear that many things, such as economics, legal/political
constraints, technological advancement, cultural perspectives, competitive
environment, and infrastructure, must be considered. In the case of individual
behavior of textile recycling, environmental factors such as local solid waste
policies, convenience of local charity shops and local attitudes toward recycling
can all effect individual recycling behavior [HAWL2009].
General System Theory was defined by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy. It is a broad
discussion and interpreted by different people. Ludwig said that it is a set of
elements standing in interaction and a complex of interacting elements.

2.6 Programming Language Theory
The design and implementation of programming languages, from Fortran and
Cobol to Caml and Java, has been one of the key developments in the management
of ever more complex computerized systems. Introduction to the Theory of
Programming Languages gives the reader the means to discover the tools to think,
design, and implement these languages. It proposes a unified vision of the different
formalisms that permit definition of a programming language: small steps
operational semantics, big steps operational semantics, and denotation semantics,
emphasizing that all seek to define a relation between three objects: a program, an
input value, and an output value. These formalisms are illustrated by presenting
the semantics of some typical features of programming languages: functions,
recursively, assignments, records, objects, showing that the study of programming
languages does not consist of studying languages one after another, but is
organized around the features that are present in these various languages. The
study of these features leads to the development of evaluators, interpreters and
compilers, and also type inference algorithms, for small languages [LÉVY2011].
Programming Language Theory is a computer science branch that agrees with
different programming languages and their features. It is used in different studies
to help the developers to understand every little detail of it.

Figure 2-8 Programming Language Theory
2.7 Dewey Decimal Classification Theory
There exists several classification theories for indexing library materials like books,
periodicals, journals, CDs etc. Amongst them, Dewey Decimal Classification
(DDC) theory is the most popular one and expanded through 22 major revisions,
the most recent one is 2003 A.D. revision. The DDC system was developed by
Melvil Dewey in 1873 A.D. Then it was first published in 1876 A.D. under the title
“A classification and subject index for cataloguing and arranging the books and
pamphlets of a library”. This system organizes library materials (Books,
Periodicals, CDs etcetera) on shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes
it easy to find any material and return it to its proper place. Libraries in more than
135 countries in world use the DDC to organize and provide access to their
collections. DDC is basically hierarchical in notation; the DDC is divided into ten
main classes, spreading over the entire world of knowledge. Each main class is
further divided into ten divisions and each division into ten sections. In DDC theory,

same type of materials in a particular field has the same notation, but Library
automation and identification needs different notation for each different title and
copy of the library material.
One of Dewey’s great strengths is that the system is developed and maintained in a
national bibliographic agency, the Library of Congress. The Dewey editorial office
is located in the Dewey Section of the Library of Congress, where classification
specialists annually assign over 60,000 DDC numbers to records for works
cataloged by the Library. The DDC is built on sound principles that make it ideal
as a general knowledge organization tool: meaningful notation in universally
recognized Arabic numerals, well-defined categories, well developed hierarchies,
and a rich network of relationships among topics. In the DDC, basic classes are
organized by disciplines or fields of study. At the broadest level, the DDC is divided
into ten main classes, which together cover the entire world of knowledge. Each
main class is further divided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections
(not all the numbers for the divisions and sections have been used). The main
structure of the DDC is presented in the DDC Summaries preceding the schedules.
The first summary contains the ten main classes. The second summary contains the
hundred divisions. The third summary contains the thousand sections. The headings
associated with the numbers in the summaries have been edited for browsing
purposes, and do not necessarily match the complete headings found in the
schedules [BHAT2010].

2.8 SUMMARY
The developers used the Input Process Output Model, System Development Life
Cycle as a reference in doing the system. Developers gathered data to help them on
what kind of software will be going to use and also base on the knowledge and
expertise of the developer where they can be more efficient. Theories and
Technologies are also used in developing the system and for documentation such
as Theory of Database, General System Theory, Modern User Interface and Design,
Programming Language Theory and Dewey Decimal Classification Theory.

Chapter 3 COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM FOR LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter system design specification and architectural design of the developed
system will be discussed including minimum hardware and system components.
Architectural design which includes the internal design of the internal system will
discuss the graphical representation of the system as used by developers such as
Hierarchical Input Process Output (HIPO) Diagram, Input Process Output, Data Flow
Diagram (Context Diagram, Level 0, Level 1) and Entity Relationship Diagram
(ERD).
3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION
System Design is the process of specifying the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and for a system to satisfy specified requirements. It could be the
application of systems theory to product development. There are some overlaps within
the fields of the systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering.

3.2.1 SOFWARE AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS
The difference between hardware and software an input device is a piece of
hardware that gets data from outside the computer system into the computer system.
Input devices Software is the programming code that makes the computer work.
There are two main types of software: system software or operating systems, which
controls the workings of the computer; and applications, such as word-processing
programs, spreadsheets and databases. Systems software includes the operating
system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. Applications
software includes programs that do real work for users. For example, word
processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category
of applications software. Hardware is the things that you can touch. It is the physical
components that make up the computer. Examples include the mouse, keyboard,
processor, monitor and printer. System software and system hardware will be
discussed in the following pages [ADNA2012].

3.2.1.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS
No Hardware Components Required Specification
(INTEL) (AMD)
1 System Unit
2 Monitor Glossy Active Matrix Glossy Active Matrix
TFT Color LCD TFT Color LCD
Multi-touch screen, Multi-touch screen,
1366 x 768 1366 x 768
3 Mouse A4 Tech (USB Type) A4 Tech (USB Type)
4 Keyboard A4 Tech (USB Type) A4 Tech (USB Type)
5 Memory At least 8gb At least 8gb
6 CPU Processor Atleast i3 CPU Atleast i3 CPU
Processor Processor
7 Hard Disk Drive At least 1000gb At least 1000gb
8 Printer Epson L360 Epson L360
9 Barcode Scanner
Table 3-1(Hardware Components)

SYSTEM HARDWARE
• System Unit
The system unit is the box-like case that contains the electronic components of a
computer. Many people erroneously refer to this as the CPU. Inside the system unit
will find devices like the power supply, different drives, the fan, the connectors,
and the motherboard. The monitor, keyboard, and mouse will not be found inside
the system unit layout. Other names for the system unit include the computer
chassis, cabinet, box, tower, enclosure, housing, or simply case [KAMA2017].
The primary function of the computer system unit is to hold all the other
components together and protect the sensitive electronic parts from the outside
elements. The computer system unit is the enclosure for all the other main interior
components of a computer. It is quite difficult to open up a laptop computer, which
is not designed with replacements and upgrades in mind.
Figure 3-1 (System Unit)

• Monitor
In computers, a monitor is a computer display and related parts packaged in a
physical unit that is separate from other parts of the computer. Notebook computers
don't have monitors because all the display and related parts are integrated into the
same physical unit with the rest of the computer. In practice, the terms monitor and
display are used interchangeably [ROUS2005].
A computer monitor is an electronic device that shows pictures for computers.
Monitors often look similar to televisions. Often referred to as a monitor when
packaged in a separate case, the display is the most-used output device on a
computer. The display provides instant feedback by showing you text and graphic
images as you work or play.
Figure 3-2 (Monitor)

• Mouse
A mouse consists of a metal or plastic housing or casing, a ball that sticks out of
the bottom of the casing and is rolled on a flat surface, one or more buttons on the
top of the casing, and a cable that connects the mouse to the computer. As the ball
is moved over the surface in any direction, a sensor sends impulses to the computer
that causes a mouse-responsive program to reposition a visible indicator called a
cursor on the display screen. The positioning is relative to some variable starting
place. Viewing the cursor's present position, the user readjusts the position by
moving the mouse [ROUS2005].
A computer mouse is a pointing device that detects two dimensional motions
relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer
on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface.
Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more
buttons.
Figure 3-3 (Mouse)

• Keyboard
The computer keyboard uses the same key arrangement as the mechanical and
electronic typewriter keyboards that preceded the computer. The standard
arrangement of alphabetic keys is known as the Qwerty keyboard, its name deriving
from the arrangement of the five keys at the upper left of the three rows of
alphabetic keys. The keyboard also contains certain standard function keys, such as
the Escape key, tab and cursor movement keys, shift and control keys, and
sometimes other manufacturer-customized keys [ROUS2005].
A computer keyboard comprises alphanumeric or character keys for typing,
modifier keys for altering the functions of other keys, navigation keys for moving
the text cursor on the screen, function keys and system command keys.
Figure 3-4 (Keyboard)

• Mother Board
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board in a computer. The motherboard is
a computer’s central communications backbone connectivity point, through which
all components and external peripherals connect. The large PCB of a motherboard
may include 6-14 layers of fiberglass, copper connecting traces and copper planes
for power and signal isolation. Typically motherboards offer additional
connectivity through a Southbridge chip such as PCI, SATA, Thunderbolt, USB
and more. CPU to RAM and PCIe are generally connected through point-to-point
interconnects such as hypertransport, quick path interconnect or Ultrapath
interconnect. Often, choosing a motherboard determines many of the features a
desktop will have [ROUS2016].
A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds
together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central
processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.
Figure 3-5 (Mother Board)

• Computer Memory
Memory is internal storage areas in the computer system. The term memory
identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used
for memory that exists on tapes or disks. The term memory is usually used as a
short hand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding
data. Some computers also use virtual memory, which expands physical memory
onto a hard disk. Every computer comes with a certain amount of physical memory,
usually referred to as main memory or RAM. You can think of main memory as an
array of boxes, each of which can hold a single byte of information. A computer
that has 1 megabyte of memory, therefore, can hold about 1 million bytes of
information [VEAL2018].
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information
temporarily or permanently. Each device in a computer operates at different speeds
and computer memory gives your computer a place to quickly access data. If the
CPU had to wait for a secondary storage device, like a hard disk drive, the
computer would be much slower.
Figure 3-6 (Computer Memory)

• CPU Processor
The CPU or Central Processing Unit is the part of a computer system that is
commonly referred to as the "brains" of a computer. The CPU is also known as the
processor or microprocessor. A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and
processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. Most processors today are
multi-core, which means that the IC contains two or more processors for enhanced
performance, reduced power consumption and more efficient simultaneous
processing of multiple. Multi-core set-ups are similar to having multiple, separate
processors installed in the same computer, but because the processors are actually
plugged into the same socket, the connection between them is faster [ROUS2016].
The CPU is responsible for executing a sequence of stored instructions called a
program. It is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical,
control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
Figure 3-7 (CPU Processor)

• Hard Disk Drive
A computer Hard Disk Drive is the mechanism that controls the positioning,
reading and writing of the hard disk, which furnishes data storage. A hard disk drive
often shortened to hard drive and hard disks are not the same thing, but they are
packaged as a unit and either term can refer to the whole unit. Hard disk drives can
be found in desktop computers, mobile devices, consumer electronics and
enterprise storage arrays in data centers. The hard drive is sometimes referred to as
the "C drive" due to the fact that Microsoft Windows designates the "C" drive letter
to the primary partition on the primary hard drive in a computer by default
[ROUS2016].
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage hardware device
in a computer. The operating system, software titles, and most other files are stored
in the hard disk drive.
Figure 3-8 (Hard Disk Drive)

• Printer
A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and
transfers the information to paper, usually to standard size sheets of paper.
Expensive printers are used for higher-resolution color printing. Personal computer
printers can be distinguished as impact or non-impact printers. Early impact printers
worked something like an automatic typewriter, with a key striking an inked
impression on paper for each printed character. The matrix printer was a popular
low-cost personal computer printer. It's an impact printer that strikes the paper a
line at a time. The best-known non-impact printers are the inkjet printer, of which
several makes of low-cost color printers are an example, and the laser printer
[ROUS2016].
A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored
on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy of it. For example, if you
created a report on your computer you could print several copies to hand out at a
staff meeting. Printers are one of the most popular computer peripherals and are
commonly used to print text and photos.
Figure 3-9 (Printer)

• Barcode Reader
A barcode reader, also called a price scanner or point-of-sale or POS scanner, is a
hand-held or stationary input device used to capture and read information contained
in a bar code. A barcode reader consists of a scanner, a decoder either built-in or
external, and a cable used to connect the reader with a computer. A barcode reader
merely captures and translates the barcode into numbers or letters, the data must be
sent to a computer so that a software application can make sense of the data.
Barcode scanners can be connected to a computer through a serial port, keyboard
port, or an interface device called a wedge. A barcode reader works by directing a
beam of light across the bar code and measuring the amount of light that is reflected
back. The dark bars on a barcode reflect less light than the white spaces between
them. The scanner converts the light energy into electrical energy, which is then
converted into data by the decoder and forwarded to a computer [ROUS2011].
A bar code reader or bar code scanner is an electronic device that can read and
output printed barcodes to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light
source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones.

Figure 3-10 (Barcode Reader)
3.2.1.2 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
No Software Components Required Versions
1 Microsoft Windows Operating Windows 10
System
2 Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.8.1
3 MySQL
4 Paint Version 1703
5 Adobe Photoshop CC 2017
6 Acrobat Reader DC
7 Click Chart
Table 3-2 (Software Components)

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Microsoft Windows Operating System
All computers and computer like devices have operating systems, including your
laptop, tablet, desktop, Smartphone, smart watch, router etc. Windows is an
operating system from Microsoft Inc. It is a system program that controls,
coordinates and manipulates overall desktop publishing operations. It serves as an
interface between the hardware and other software on the computer system. It
allocates memory locations to data and other computer programs. It controls other
computer resources like files and programs, input/output devices, computer
memories etc. during data processing operations. It also performs the hardware and
software diagnosis to detect faults and errors [OLAG2016].
Microsoft Windows, or simply Windows, is a meta-family of graphical operating
systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Active Windows families
include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies,
e.g. Windows Embedded Compact or Windows Server.

Figure 3-11 (Microsoft Windows Operating System)
Visual Studio 2017
Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment or IDE from
Microsoft. It is used to develop computer programs for Microsoft Windows, as well
as web sites, web apps, web services and mobile apps. Visual Studio uses Microsoft
software development platforms such as Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows
Presentation Foundation, Windows Store and Microsoft Silverlight. It can produce
both native code and managed code. Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting
IntelliSense as well as code refactoring [TECH2018].
The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level
debugger. Other built-in tools include a code profiler, forms designer for building

GUI applications, web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It
accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at almost every level—including
adding support for source control systems and adding new toolsets like editors and
visual designers for domain-specific languages or toolsets for other aspects of the
software development lifecycle.
Figure 3-12 (Visual Studio 2017 Community)

MySQL
MySQL is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing
multi-user access to a number of databases. In MySQL the beginning My of the name
comes from the daughter of the Finnish developer. SQL was initially developed to
operate on data in databases that follow the relational model. It is a programming
language for querying, modifying and managing data. MySQL is the most common
open source database tool. It is considered an easy and reliable program compared to
others database software. MySQL offers various different programs that are database
related. The most famous one is MySQL Enterprise. One of the server of MySQL is
WampServer, the most convenient and fastest configuration tool [OLAI2010].
SQL is the most popular language for adding, accessing and managing content in a
database. It is most noted for its quick processing, proven reliability, ease and
flexibility of use. Developers used WampServer as the tool for creating the system.
Figure 3-13 (MySQL)

Paint
Microsoft Paint or MS Paint is a basic graphics/painting utility that is included in all
the Microsoft Windows versions. MS Paint can be used to draw, colour and edit
pictures, including imported pictures from a digital camera for example. MS Paint is
found in the Windows Start menu within the Accessories Folder. It can save creations
in standard formats such as .jpg and .bmp Paint can enable ‘painting’ by dragging
the mouse and using different types of artistic brushes or pens that can give for
example a watercolor or oil effect. More recent versions of Paint allow up to three
colors to be picked at a time using the primary color with left mouse click, the
secondary color with right mouse click and the tertiary color with the control key on
the keyboard and any mouse click Features included in paint are pencil, brush and
airbrush tool. The ability to add text, lines and shapes. Also included are an eraser,
magnifier, and fill color tools [MAXW2018].
Paint commonly known as Microsoft Paint, is a simple raster graphics editor that
has been included with all versions of Microsoft Windows. The app opens and saves
files in Windows bitmap (BMP), JPEG, GIF, PNG, and single page TIFF formats.

Figure 3-14 (Paint)
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is an application for retouching digitized photographic images,
followed three years later and quickly became Adobe’s most successful program. It
was one of the first commercial applications with an interface enabling outside
developers to make new features available through plug-ins within the main program;
scores of developers took advantage of this “open architecture,” helping to cement
Photoshop’s dominance within its category. In subsequent years Adobe added many
other applications, primarily through a series of acquisitions. In 1991 it brought out
Adobe Premiere, a program for editing video and multimedia productions. In 1994
the company acquired Aldus and its PageMaker software. In 1996 Adobe released
its first title aimed at consumers, a simplified photo-editing program called
PhotoDeluxe [NORR2018].

Photoshop's feature set can be expanded by Photoshop plug-ins, programs developed
and distributed independently of Photoshop that can run inside it and offer new or
enhanced features. Photoshop is commonly used in photo editing.
Figure 3-15 (Adobe Photoshop)
• Acrobat Reader DC
Adobe Acrobat is a family of application software that allows the viewing, printing
and management of portable document files. Ever since its first release, Acrobat has
become a foundation for workflow in the publication industry. Adobe Acrobat is used
in a variety of fields including educational, administrative services, business and IT
documentation. It is extensively used in producing applications, registration forms,
survey forms, user guides and manual, and lessons. An interesting feature of Adobe
PDF documents is that they maintain all the fonts, graphics, images color and

formatting of any source document, irrespective of the platform or the application
used in creating it [TECH2018].
Adobe Acrobat allows the viewing of Portable Document Files or PDF. The user
may view, share, print, navigate and save PDF documents using the Adobe Reader,
which is distributed as freeware. The developers used Adobe Acrobat to print user-
friendly reports.
Figure 3-16 (Acrobat Reader DC)

3.2.2 USER DESIGN TOOLS
User design tools are used to design diagrams that represents the flow of the
software. The developers used Hierarchical Input Process Output, Input
Process Output, Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, Entity Relationship
Diagram and Data Dictionary to show the graphical representation of the
system. Each module and users will be shown and discussed according to the
diagram.
3.2.2.1 HIERARCHICAL INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT (HIPO)
HIPO model is a systems analysis design aid and documentation
technique from the 1970s, used for representing the modules of
a system as a hierarchy and for documenting each module. It was used to
develop requirements, construct the design, and support implementation
of an expert system to demonstrate automated rendezvous. Verification
was then conducted systematically because of the method of design and
implementation. The overall design of the system is documented using
HIPO charts or structure charts. The structure chart is similar in
appearance to an organizational chart, but has been modified to show
additional detail. Structure charts can be used to display several types of
information, but are used most commonly to diagram either data
structures or code structures [HIPO2018].
The diagram is used for representing the modules of a system as
a hierarchy and for documenting each module. The figure below shows

the hierarchical input process output of the Computerized Library System
for Liceo de Los Baños. The HIPO represents the process of how the
different transactions are done. Diagram was used to develop
requirements, construct the design, and support implementation of an
expert system to demonstrate automated flow. Verification was then
conducted systematically because of the method of design and
implementation.
Admin (HIPO)
Figure 3-17 (HIPO Diagram - Admin)
The figure 3-17 shows the Hierarchical Input Process Output of the user
Admin. The diagram is designed for the Admin. User can only access the
User management, Backup and Restore and Audit Trail.

Librarian (HIPO)
Figure 3-18 (HIPO Diagram – Librarian)

The figure above shows the Hierarchical Input Process Output of the
user Librarian. The librarian can control the overall transactions of the
system including the borrowers, books, borrowing and returning module,
reports, settings and computation of penalty.
Student Assistant (HIPO)
Figure 3-19 (HIPO Diagram – Student Assistant)

user Student Assistant. The Student Assistant can control the transactions
of the system including the borrowing and returning module. The user
can also view the list of books and list of borrowers in the system.
Kiosk (HIPO)
Figure 3-20 (HIPO Diagram – Kiosk)
Kiosk. This diagram represents the kiosk used by the borrowers to
browse, borrow and reserve a book.

3.2.2.2 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The input–process–output or IPO model, or input-process-output pattern,
is a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering
for describing the structure of an information processing program or
other process. Many introductory programming and systems analysis
texts introduce this as the most basic structure for describing a process.
IPO theory states that the outcome of a software depends on the process
that occurs during the software, which is in turn dependent on what is put
into the application. An IPO chart demonstrates how resources put into
the system undergo a change to produce results [TECH2018].

➢ User Authentication
Figure 3-21 (User Authentication)
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
User Authentication
Input Input, Verify, and
Notification.
Username and Validate Username
Valid username and password
password and password.
proceed to main form.
Input security answer for the
Select Forgot Accessing Forgot
security question in the Forgot
Password Password
Password form.
Table 3-3 (User Authentication)

➢ Main Form
Figure 3-22 (Librarian – Main Form)
Select Book Accessing Book Book Management

Management Management Interface
Select Borrower Accessing Borrower Borrower Management

Management Management Interface
Select Borrowing Accessing Borrowing Borrowing

Module Module Module Interface
Select Returning Accessing Returning Returning

Module Module Module Interface
Select Reports Accessing Reports Reports Interface
Select Systems Accessing Systems Systems Settings

Settings Settings Interface
Select Penalty Accessing Penalty Penalty interface
Table 3-4 (Librarian – Main Form)

Figure 3-23 (Admin – Main Form)
Select User Accessing User User Management

Management Management Interface.
Select Backup and Accessing Backup and Backup and restore

Restore Module Restore Module Interface.
Audit Trail
Select Audit Trail Accessing Audit Trail
Interface.
Table 3-5 (Admin – Main Form)

➢ Borrower Management
Figure 3-24 (Borrower Management)
Updating Borrower Information
Archiving Borrower Information Borrower
Clear Borrower Information Management
Borrower Restoring Borrower Information Notification.
Information Deleting Borrower Information Borrower
Importing file from excel Management
Searching borrower information Information List.
Validation of Borrower
Table 3-6 (Borrower Management)

➢ Book Management
Figure 3-25 (Book Management)
Adding Copy of Book
Updating Book Information
Archiving Book Information Book Management
Book Clear Book Information Notification.
Information Restoring Book Information Book Management
Deleting Book Information Information List.
Importing file from excel
Validation of Book
Information
Searching book information
Table 3-7 (Book Management)

➢ Borrowing Module
Figure 3-26 (Borrowing Module)
Borrow Accessing Borrow Queue Borrowing

Queue
Accessing Reserve Queue Transaction List.
Reserve
Scanning Barcode Borrowing
Queue
Borrow Accessing Borrow History Management
History
Notification.
Table 3-8 (Borrowing Module)

➢ Returning Module
Figure 3-27 (Returning Module)
Scanning Returning
Barcode Returning of Book Management
Notification.
Table 3-9 (Returning Module)

➢ Reports
Figure 3-28 (Reports)
Select Borrowing Accessing Borrowing View and Print Borrowing

Transaction Transaction Report Transaction Report.
Report Accessing Book View and Print Book
Select Book Master List Report Master List.
Master List report Accessing Student View and Print Student
Select Student Master List Master List.
Master List Accessing Monthly View and Print Monthly
Select Monthly Statistical Report Statistical Report.
Statistical Report Accessing Penalty View and Print Penalty
Select Penalty Report Report.
Report
Table 3-10 (Reports)

➢ System Settings
Figure 3-29 (System Settings)
Validating Penalty
Select System Validating text message System Settings
Settings Validating Book Notification.
information
Table 3-11 (System Settings)

➢ Computation of Penalty
Figure 3-30 (Computation of Penalty)
Select Penalty Searching Information Penalty Notification
Computing penalty Penalty Interface
Table 3-12 (Computation of Penalty)

➢ User Management
Figure 3-31 (User Management)
User Information Saving User Information User Management
Updating User information Notification
Validation of User User Management
Information Information List
Searching user information
Table 3-13 (User Management)

➢ Backup and Restore
Figure 3-32 (Backup and Restore)
Select Backup Back up and restoring Backup and restore
and Restore database notification.
Table 3-14 (Backup and Restore)

➢ Audit Trail
Figure 3-33 (Audit Trail)
Select Audit Searching user information Audit Trail
Trail Deleting Log History Notification
Audit Trail List
Table 3-15 (Audit Trail)

3.2.2.3 CONTEXT DIAGRAM
The Context Diagram shows the system under consideration as a single
high-level process and then shows the relationship that the system has
with other external entities. Another name for a Context Diagram is a
Context-Level Data-Flow Diagram or a Level-0 Data Flow Diagram. A
Context Diagram is a specialized version of Data-Flow Diagram. A
Context Diagram provides no information about the timing, sequencing,
or synchronization of processes such as which processes occur in
sequence or in parallel. Some of the benefits of a Context Diagram are:
It shows the scope and boundaries of a system at a glance including the
other systems that interface with it, no technical knowledge is assumed
or required to understand the diagram, easy to draw and amend due to its
limited notation and easy to expand by adding different levels of DFDs
[ADAM2018].

Figure 3-34 (Context Diagram)
A context diagram gives an overview and it is the highest level in a data
flow diagram, containing only one process representing the entire
system per user including Librarian, Student Assistant and Admin.

3.2.2.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)
A Data Flow Diagram or DFD is a graphical representation of the flow
of data through an information system, modeling its process aspects. A
DFD is often used as a preliminary step to create an overview of the
system without going into great detail. A two-dimensional diagram that
explains how data is processed and transferred in a system. The graphical
depiction identifies each source of data and how it interacts with other
data sources to reach a common output. It illustrates how data is
processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs. As its name
indicates its focus is on the flow of information, where data comes from,
where it goes and how it gets stored. Individuals seeking to draft a data
flow diagram must identify external inputs and outputs, determine how
the inputs and outputs relate to each other, and explain with graphics how
these connections relate and what the result is. This type of diagram helps
business development and design teams visualize how data is processed
and identify or improve certain aspects. This context level DFD is next
exploded, to produce a Level 1 DFD that shows some of the system is
divided into sub-systems or processes, which deals with one or more of
the data flows to or from an external agent, and which together provide
all of the functionality of the system as a whole [VISU2018].

➢ Level 0 – LIBRARIAN
Figure 3-35 (Level 0 - Librarian)
Figure 3-35 shows the DFD Level 0 of the user Librarian wherein it
illustrates the flow of the system and shows the additional details and the
existing program running behind the system. Distributing the data from
different location and different table from the database.

➢ Level 0 – ADMIN
Figure 3-36 (Level 0 - Admin)
Figure 3-36 shows the DFD Level 0 of the user Admin wherein it
illustrates the flow of the system and shows the additional details and the
existing program running behind the system. Distributing the data from
different location and different table from the database.

➢ Level 1 – User Authentication
Figure 3-37 (Level 1 - User Authentication)
DFD Level 1 shows the Authentication of the users’ librarian and admin
which will pass for validation and verification before entering the system.
The diagram simply shows the destinations of User Authentication from
database which is tbl_user.

➢ Level 2 – Borrower Management
Figure 3-38 (Level 2 – Borrower Management)
DFD Level 2 shows the Borrower Management of the system that holds
the transactions between librarian and the information of students who
borrows books. This module includes the update, move to archive, save
borrowers and search borrowers. The diagram gives the destinations of
this module from database which is tbl_borrowers.

➢ Level 3 – Book Management
Figure 3-39 (Level 3 – Book Management)
DFD Level 3 shows the Book Management of the system that holds the
transactions between librarian and the information of the books. This
module includes the add, update, move to archive, restore, delete, save
book and search borrowers. The diagram gives the destinations of this
module from database which is tbl_books.

➢ Level 4 – Borrowing Module
Figure 3-40 (Level 4 – Borrowing Module)
DFD Level 4 shows Borrowing Module and the relationship between
Librarian and Student Assistant to borrowing module that can issue books
in the form borrow queue, reserve queue and can view the borrowing
history of the system. The diagram simply shows the destinations of the
module from database which is tbl_borrowing.
➢ Level 5 – Returning Module
Figure 3-41 (Level 5 – Returning Module)
DFD Level 5 shows Returning Module and the relationship between
Librarian and Student Assistant to returning module that can return

books. This module also have SMS Notification wherein the borrower will
be notified when they have penalties. The diagram simply shows the
destinations of the module from database which is tbl_returning.
➢ Level 6 – Reports
Figure 3-42 (Level 6 – Reports)
DFD Level 6 shows the relationship between Librarian and the reports
module. The user can view and print reports like Student Master List, Book
Master List, Borrowing Transaction, Monthly Statistical Report and
Penalty Report. The diagram simply shows the destinations of the module
from database which is tbl_reports.

➢ Level 7 – System Settings
Figure 3-43 (Level 7 – System Settings)
DFD Level 7 shows the relationship between the Librarian and the system
settings. The user can edit book information, penalty details and messages.
The diagram gives the destination of this module from the database which
is tbl_setting.

➢ Level 8 - Penalty
Figure 3-44 (Level 8 –Penalty)
DFD Level 8 shows the relationship between the Librarian and the Penalty
Module. The user can search, transact payment and print receipt. The
borrower should pay first to the librarian when they have penalty. The
diagram gives the destination of this module from the database which is
tbl_penalty.

➢ Level 9 – User Management
Figure 3-45 (Level 9 – User Management)
DFD Level 9 shows the relationship between Admin and the User
Management. The user can update and register user information. The
diagram gives the destination of this module from the database which is
tbl_user.
➢ Level 10 – Backup and Restore
Figure 3-46 (Level 10 – Backup and Restore)

DFD Level 10 shows the relationship between Admin and the Backup and
Restore Module wherein the user can backup and restore the database.
The diagram gives the destination of this module from the database which
is tbl_db.
➢ Level 11 – Audit Trail
Figure 3-47 (Level 11 – Audit Trail)
DFD Level 11 shows the relationship between Admin and Audit Trail
module wherein the user can view the activities of different users, can
search and delete logs. The diagram gives the destination of this module
from the database which is tbl_audittrail.

3.2.2.5 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)
An entity-relationship diagram or ERD is a graphical representation of an
information system that shows the relationship between people, objects,
places, concepts or events within that system. It is used as a high-level
logical data model, which is useful in developing a conceptual design for
databases. An ERD is a data modeling technique that can help define
business processes and can be used as the foundation for a relational
database. Entity Relationship Diagram illustrates the logical structure of
databases. It provide a visual starting point for database design that can
also be used to help determine information system requirements
throughout an organization. The main components of an ERD are
conceptual data model, logical data model, and physical data model. The
diagram below used conceptual data model because it provides an
overview of the scope of the project and how data set relate to one another.
Entities are equivalent to database tables in a relational database, with each
row of the table representing an instance of that entity. An attribute of an
entity is a particular property that describes the entity. A relationship is the
association that describes the interaction between entities. Cardinality, in
the context of ERD, is the number of instances of one entity that can, or
must, be associated with each instance of another entity. In general, there
may be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many relationships
[ROUS2018].

Figure 3-48 (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Figure 3-48 shows the entity relationship diagram of the system. Entity
relationship models used a defined set of symbols such as rectangles,
diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to represent the interconnections of
entities, relationship and their attribute. The rectangle represents the
entity which data is stored, diamond as the relationship and the ovals are
the attribute which are properties and characteristics of entities.

3.2.2.6 DATA DICTIONARY
Data dictionary is a file that defines the basic organization of a database.
It contains a list of all files in the database, the number of records in each
file, and the names and types of each field in a database management
systems. Most database management systems keep the data dictionary
hidden from users to prevent them from accidentally destroying its
contents. Data dictionaries do not contain any actual data from the
database, only bookkeeping information for managing it. Without a data
dictionary, however, a database management system cannot access data
from the database.
It defines the structure of the database itself and is used in control and
maintenance of large databases. Among other items of information, it
records what data is stored, the name, description, and characteristics of
each data element, types of relationships between data elements, and
access rights and frequency of access. Also called system dictionary when
used in the context of a system design [BEAL2018].

➢ Borrowers Table
Table 3-16 (Borrowers Table)
The table 3-16 shows the borrowers table and its fields and the type used
in the database that are used in the Borrowers module.
➢ Faculty Table
Table 3-17 (Faculty Table)
The table 3-17 shows the faculty table, its fields and the type used in the
database that are used in the Borrowers Management module.

➢ Books Table
Table 3-18 (Books Table)
The table 3-18 shows the Books table, its fields and the type used in the
database that are used in the Book Management Module.

➢ Cutter Number Table
Table 3-19 (Cutter Number Table)
The table 3-19 shows the table of cutter number, its fields and the type
used in the database that are used in the Book Management Module.
➢ Category Table
Table 3-20 (Category Table)
The table 3-20 shows the table of book category, its fields and the type
➢ Sub-Category Table
Table 3-21 (Sub-category Table)
The table 3-21 shows the table of sub-category, its fields and the type

➢ Borrowing Table
Table 3-22 (Borrowing Table)
The table 3-22 shows the table of Borrowing, its fields and the type used
in the database that are used in the Borrowing Module.
➢ Borrow Cart
Table 3-23 (Borrow Cart Table)
The table 3-23 shows the table of Borrow Cart, its fields and the type
used in the database that are used in the Kiosk.

➢ Reserve Cart
Table 3-24 (Reserve Cart Table)
The table 3-24 shows the table of Reserve Cart, its fields and the type
used in the database that are used in the Kiosk.
➢ Returning Table
Table 3-25 (Returning Table)

The table 3-25 shows the table of Returning, its fields and the type used
in the database that are used in the Returning Module.
➢ Audit Trail
Table 3-26 (Audit Trail Table)
The table 3-26 shows the table of Audit trail, its fields and the type used
in the database that are used in the Audit Trail in the Admin Module.
➢ Users Table
Table 3-27 (Users Table)
The table 3-27 shows the table of Users, its fields and the type used in
the database that are used to control the users in the Admin Module.

3.3 SUMMARY
The diagram shown above can help the user to handle the program properly. It
allows the user to understand the system including the system’s tables behind
the program. It gives an idea how to execute the system without any error or
problem exiting. In this chapter, the system design specification including the
software and hardware components, the developers give the detail on different
designing tools and application used for the development. The design tool was
used to graphically explain the develop system such as Hierarchical Input
Process Output that used to illustrate the different module of the system
hierarchy of the data input process output. The developers also used the Data
Flow Diagram which represents the flow in each process of the system, Entity
Relationship Diagram which shows the relationship between entities and Data
Dictionary which defines the structure of the database. The diagrams helps the
users to understand the flow of the system and how the system can execute.

Chapter 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter shows how the developers conducted experiments and testing to analyze
the performance of the system including technical parts and functionality. It also helps
the developers to analyze the result of the study. When software testing was performed,
it will show the result that helps the developers to identify the possible errors and to
measure the efficiency of the system. This test will help the developers to enhance the
usability and portability of the system. The developers conduct an experiment to ensure
that the system will function correctly.
4.2 Experimental
An experiment is a procedure that supports the hypothesis of the developers. It will show
the cause and effect of the system created. Experiment also provide insight and
demonstrates what outcome occurs.
4.2.1 Test Plan Activities
A test plan is a document describing the testing scope and activities. It is the basis
for formally testing any software in a project. It includes the objective and scope of
the tests to be run. A test plan also have test cases and it serves as a framework and
a guide to ensure your testing project is successful and helps you control risk. It is
a record of the test planning process. The plan typically contains a detailed
understanding of the eventual workflow [BART2018].

CASE
TEST PLAN DESCRIPTION
NO
1.0 Log in To determine if the log in form have validation.
It will display an error message if the user input
an invalid username and password.
2.0 Home This module shows all the counts of books,
borrowers and statistics.
3.0 Book Management This module is able to save, update,
move to archive, add copy of the book,
import file from excel, generate call
number, restore, and delete book
information.
3.1 Update Book To determine if the system allows to
Information update the book information.
3.2 Move to Archive Book To determine is the system allows
Information archiving the book information.
3.3 Register Book To determine if the new created book
Information information will be accepted by the
system.
3.4 Add Copy of the Book To determine if the system allows to add
a copy of the book.

3.5 Generate Call number To determine if the system allows to
generate a call number.
3.6 Delete Book Information To determine if the system is able to
delete a book.
3.7 Restore Book To determine if the system is able to
Information restore the book information.
3.8 Search Book Information To determine if the system is able to
search the needed information by the
user.
4.0 Borrower Management This module is able to add, update, move
to archive, import file from excel also to
reset password, restore and delete
borrower information.
4.1 Update Borrower To determine if the system allows to
Information update the borrower information.
4.2 Move to Archive To determine is the system allows
Borrower Information archiving the book information.
4.3 Save Borrower To determine if the new created book
Information information will be accepted by the
system.
4.4 Restore Borrower To determine if the system is able to
Information restore the borrower information.

4.5 Delete Borrower To determine if the system is able to
Information delete a borrower information.
4.6 Search Borrower To determine if the system allows to
Information search the information by the user.
5.0 Borrowing Module This module allows the librarian to
borrow, reserve and view the borrow
history.
5.1 Borrow Queue To determine if the librarian can view
the borrow list that comes from the kiosk
and allows the user to borrow a book.
5.2 Reserve Queue To determine if the librarian can view
the reserve list that comes from the kiosk
and allows the user to reserve a book.
5.3 Borrow History This module allows the librarian to view
the borrow history.
6.0 Returning Module This module allows the librarian to
select the item or the book then return.
6.1 Penalty This allows the librarian to transact the
payment of the borrower’s penalty.
7.0 Reports This module allows the librarian to print
and preview the report of the system.
7.1 Book Master List Report This feature allows the librarian to view
and print the list of book information.

7.2 Student Master List This feature allows the librarian to view
Report and print the list of borrower
information.
7.3 Monthly Statistical This feature allows the librarian to view
Report and print the monthly statistical report.
7.4 Penalty Report This feature allows the librarian to view
and print the penalty report.
8.0 User Management This module is able to register and update user
information.
8.2 Register User To determine if the user information will
Information be accepted by the system.
8.3 Update User Information To determine if the system is able to
update the user information.
9.0 Audit Trail This module allows the admin to delete
and print the log history.
9.1 Delete Log History This feature allows the admin to delete
the log history.
To determine if the borrowers can access the

10.0 Enter Kiosk
kiosk.
This allows the borrower to add to cart a book

10.1 Add to Cart
in the kiosk.
Table 4-1 (Test Plan Activities - ADMIN)

4.2.2 TEST CASES
• Login
Test Case No. 1.0
Objective: To determine if the system will match the user
information to the database in order to access
the system depending on the user level.
Expected Result: The system must display an error message with
log in attempts if the user enters an invalid
username and password. However, if the
username and password is correct it will
proceed to main form of the system.
Figure 4-1 Test Case 1.0 (Log in)

Actual Result: The figures below displays the validation in
log in. The user can access the system
depending on the user level.
Figure 4-2 Test Case 1.0 (Invalid username and Password)

Figure 4-3 Test Case 1.0 (Log in Successfully)
• Home
Test Case No. 2.0
Objective: To determine if the system will display the
Dashboard or Home after successfully log in.
Expected Result: The system must display the dashboard or
Home.

Figure 4-4 Test Case 2.0 (Dashboard)
Actual Result: The figure 4-4 the system display the
Dashboard after successfully log in.
• Book Management
Test Case No. 2.0
Objective: To determine if the module is able to save,
update, archive, add copy of the book, import
file from excel and clear the text fields also
generate call number, restore, delete book
information and print barcode.

Expected Result: The system must display the book
management module and their corresponding
validations.
Figure 4-5 Test Case 2.0 (Book Management)
Actual Result: The figure 4-5 the system displays the book
management module.

• Update Book Information
Test Case No. 3.1
Objective: To determine if the system allows to update the
book information.
Expected Result: The book information should be successfully
updated.
Figure 4-6 Test Case 3.1 (Book Successfully Updated)
Actual Result: The figure 4-6 the book has been successfully
updated.

• Archive Books
Test Case No. 3.2
Objective: To determine if the system allows archiving
the book information.
updated.
Figure 4-7 Test Case 3.2 (Book Successfully Archived)
archived.

• Register Book Information
Test Case No. 3.3
Objective: To determine if the new created book
information will be accepted by the system.
registered.
Figure 4-8 Test Case 3.3 (Book Successfully Registered)
registered.

• Add Copy Of the Book
Test Case No. 3.4
Objective: To determine if the system allows to add a
copy of the book.
added copies.
Figure 4-9 Test Case 3.4 (Successfully Add copies)
add a copies.

• Generate Call Number
Test Case No. 3.5
Objective: To determine if the system allows to generate
call number.
Expected Result: The system should generate call number.
Figure 4-10 Test Case 3.5 (Generate Call Number)
Actual Result: The figure 4-10 the module has been
successfully generate a call number.

• Delete Book Information
Test Case No. 3.6
Objective: To determine if the system is able to delete a
book.
Expected Result: The system should delete a book information.
Figure 4-11 Test Case 3.6 (Successfully Delete Book)
successfully deleted book information.

• Restore Book Information
Test Case No. 3.7
Objective: To determine if the system is able to restore a
book.
Expected Result: The system should restore a book information.
Figure 4-12 Test Case 3.7 (Successfully Restore Book)
successfully restore book information.

• Print Library Card
Test Case No. 3.8
Objective: To determine if the module is able to print a
library card.
Expected Result: The system must display the design of the
library card.
Figure 4-13 Test Case 3.8 (Library Card Confirmation)
Figure 4-14 Test Case 3.9 (Library Card)

• Borrower Management
Test Case No. 4.0
Objective: To determine if the module is able to add,
update, archive, import file from excel, restore
and delete borrower information.
Expected Result: The system must display the borrower
management module and their corresponding
validations.
Figure 4-15 Test Case 4.0 (Borrower Management)
Actual Result: The figure 4-15 the system has been display
the borrower management module.

• Update Borrower Information
Test Case No. 4.1
Objective: To determine if the system is able to update
borrower information
Expected Result: The system should update the borrower
information.
Figure 4-16 Test Case 4.1 (Successfully Updated Borrower)
Actual Result: The figure 4-16 the system has been
successfully updated borrower information.

• Archive Borrower
Test Case No. 4.2
Objective: To determine if the system is able to archive
borrower information
Expected Result: The system should archive borrower
information.
Figure 4-17 Test Case 4.2 (Successfully Archive Borrower)
successfully archived borrower information.

• Register Borrower Information
Test Case No. 4.3
Objective: To determine if the system is able to register
Expected Result: The system should add borrower information.
Figure 4-18 Test Case 4.3 (Successfully Register Borrower)
successfully add borrower information.

• Restore Borrower Information
Test Case No. 4.4
Objective: To determine if the system is able to restore
Expected Result: The system should restore borrower
information.
Figure 4-19 Test Case 4.4 (Successfully Restored Borrower)
successfully restored borrower information.

• Delete Borrower Information
Test Case No. 4.5
Objective: To determine if the system is able to delete
Expected Result: The system should delete borrower
information.
Figure 4-20 Test Case 4.5 (Successfully Delete Borrower)
successfully deleted borrower information.

• Borrowing Module
Test Case No. 5.0
Objective: To determine if the module allows the librarian
to borrow, reserve and view the borrow
history.
Expected Result: The system should transact in the borrow list,
reserve list and view the borrow history.
Figure 4-21 Test Case 5.0 (Borrowing Module)
Actual Result: The figure 4-21 the system has been display
the borrowing module.

• Borrow Queue
Test Case No. 5.1
to transact in the borrow queue.
Expected Result: The system should transact in the borrow
queue.
Figure 4-22 Test Case 5.1 (Borrow Queue Transaction Summary)

.
Figure 4-23 Test Case 5.1 (Print Queued Books)
Figure 4-24 Test Case 5.1 (Barcode Doesn’t Match)

Figure 4-25 Test Case 5.1 (Borrowing Transaction Complete)
Actual Result: The figures above the system has been
successfully complete the borrowing
transaction.
• Reserve Queue
Test Case No. 5.2
to transact in the reserve queue.
Expected Result: The system should transact in the reserve
queue.

Figure 4-26 Test Case 5.2 (Reserve Queue Transaction)
Figure 4-27 Test Case 5.2 (Book is on Waiting List)

Figure 4-28 Test Case 5.2 (Reserve Queue-Transaction Complete)
successfully complete the borrowing
transaction.
• Borrow History
Test Case No. 5.3
to view the borrowing History
Expected Result: The system should display the borrowing
history.

Figure 4-29 Test Case 5.3 (Borrowing History)
successfully display the borrowing history.
• Returning Module
Test Case 6.0
Objective: To determine if the system is able to return
books.
Expected Result: The system should return books.

Figure 4-30 Test Case 6.0 (Returning-Barcode Doesn’t Match)
Figure 4-31 Test Case 6.0 (Returning Transaction Complete)
successfully returned the book.

• Penalty
Test Case No. 6.1
Objective: To determine if the system is able to transact
the payment of the borrower’s penalty.
Expected Result: The system should transact the payment.
Figure 4-32 Test Case 6.1 (Penalty Successfully Paid)
successfully transact the payment of the
borrower’s penalty.

• Reports
Test Case No. 7.0
Objective: To determine if the system is able to print and
preview the report including book master list,
students master list, penalty report and
monthly statistical report.
Expected Result: The system should preview and print reports.
Figure 4-33 Test Case 7.0 (Book Master List)

Figure 4-34 Test Case 7.0 (Borrowers List-JHS)
Figure 4-35 Test Case 7.0 (Borrowers List-SHS)

Figure 4-36 Test Case 7.0 (Select Date)
Figure 4-37 Test Case 7.0 (Monthly Statistical Report)
successfully preview and print the reports in
the system.

• User Management
Test Case No. 8.0
and update user information.
Expected Result: The system should register and update users.
Figure 4-38 Test Case 8.0 (User Management)
Actual Result: The figure 4-38 the system displays the user
management module.

• Update User Information
Test Case No. 8.1
Objective: To determine if the system is able to update
user information.
Expected Result: The system should update user information.
Figure 4-39 Test Case 8.1 (Successfully Updated User)
successfully updated user information.

• Register User Information
Test Case No. 8.2
user information.
Expected Result: The system should register user information.
Figure 4-40 Test Case 8.2 (Successfully Registered User)
successfully registered user information.

• Audit Trail
Test Case No. 9.0
Objective: To determine if the user admin is able to access
the audit trail module and view the logs of the
user.
Expected Result: The system should display user audit trail
module.
Figure 4-41 Test Case 9.0 (Audit Trail)
Actual Result: The figure 4-41 the system displays the audit
trail module.

• Delete User Log
Test Case No. 9.1
Objective: To determine if the user admin is able to delete
user log in the audit trail module.
Expected Result: The system should display user audit trail
module.
Figure 4-42 Test Case 9.1 (Delete Log History)
Actual Result: The figure 4-42 the system displays the audit
trail module.

• Enter Kiosk
Test Case No. 10.0
Objective: To determine if the borrowers can access the
kiosk.
Expected Result: The system should display the kiosk if the
borrower enters correct borrowers ID, else it
will show an error message.
Figure 4-43 Test Case 10.0 (Enter Borrowers ID)

Figure 4-44 Test Case 10.0 (Invalid Borrowers ID)
successfully access the kiosk.
• Add to Cart
Test Case No. 10.1
Objective: To determine if the borrowers can add to cart
a book.
Expected Result: The system should add the book to cart.

Figure 4-45 Test Case 10.1 (Successfully Added to Cart)
Actual Result: The figure 4-45 shows the system has been
successfully added a book to the cart.

4.2.3 Test Log
CASE
TEST PLAN DESCRIPTION
NO
1.0 Log in Success
2.0 Home Success
3.0 Book Management Success
3.1 Update Book Information Success
3.2 Move to Archive Book Success
Information
3.3 Register Book Information Success
3.4 Add Copy of the Book Success
3.5 Generate Call number Success
3.6 Delete Book Information Success
3.7 Restore Book Information Success
3.8 Search Book Information Success
4.0 Borrower Management Success
4.1 Update Borrower Information Success
4.2 Move to Archive Borrower Success
Information
4.3 Save Borrower Information Success
4.4 Restore Borrower Information Success
4.5 Delete Borrower Information Success
4.6 Search Borrower Information Success

5.0 Borrowing Module Success
5.1 Borrow Queue Success
5.2 Reserve Queue Success
5.3 Borrow History Success
6.0 Returning Module Success
6.1 Penalty Success
7.0 Reports Success
7.1 Book Master List Report Success
7.2 Student Master List Report Success
7.3 Monthly Statistical Report Success
7.4 Penalty Report Success
8.0 User Management Success
8.1 Add User Information Success
8.2 Register User Information Success
8.3 Update User Information Success
9.0 Audit Trail Success
9.1 Delete Log History Success
10.0 Enter Kiosk Success
10.1 Add to Cart Success
Table 4-2 (Test log)

4.3 Result and Analysis
To evaluate the system, this study used ISO 9126 Quality Model. An alpha testing was
conducted by the developers wherein 20 evaluators including the librarian and
principal of Liceo de Los Baños were asked to use Computerized Library System. The
evaluators were given a survey questionnaire wherein they need to rate the system
according to different categories: Functionality, Reliability, Usability, Efficiency,
Maintainability, and portability.
4.3.1 Data Gathering Instrument
Data gathering instruments is the used of different tools in gathering information
to other individuals. The developers used a survey questionnaire and were given
to 20 evaluators who will test the system. The developers prepare some questions
to evaluate and for further development and analysis. The table below shows the
ISO 9216 Characteristics and Sub-Characteristics.
Characteristics Sub-Characteristics Explanation
Functionality Suitability The software performed the task required.

Accurateness The software presented the results as
expected.
Interoperability The software interacted with another
system
Compliance The software is compliant with standards.
Security The software provided security for
unauthorized access.

Reliability Fault Tolerance The faults can be eliminated overtime.
Consistency The software is capable of handling errors.
Recoverability The software resumed working and
restore data.
Usability User Friendly The software can be
understand/comprehend by user easily.
Learnability The software can be easily learned.
Operability The software can be operated with the less
effort.
Attractiveness The software interface looks good.
Efficiency Time Behavior The software responded to user quickly.
ResourceUtilization The software utilized resource efficiency.

Maintainability Analyzability The software can be analyzed easily.
Stability The software can be modified easily.
Modification The software can be continued
functioning if changes are made.
Testability The software can be tested easily.
Portability Installability The software can be easily installed.
Adaptability The software complied in portability
standards.
Replaceability The software can be uninstalled easily.
Table 4-3 (ISO 9126 Characteristics and Sub Characteristics)
The purpose of this evaluation plan was to provide systematic and reliable data
to the users. The gathered data were tallied, analyzed, and subjected to
statistical approach. Based on the results of the evaluation, the computerized
system was improved and enhanced to meet the satisfaction of the users.

Responses were based in the Likert scale with the following ratings. 5 –
Excellent, 4 – Average, 3 – Below Average, 2 – Poor and 1 – Very Poor.
Evaluator responses were illustrated in table 4-3.
4.3.1.1 Likert Scale
Numerical Level Of
Range Scale Interpretation
Description Agreement
5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree Excellent
4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree Average
3 2.61 – 3.40 Fairly Agree Below Average
2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree Poor
1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree Very Poor
Table 4-4 (Likert Scale Numerical Response Ratings)
Table 4-3 shows the Likert Scale Numerical Response Ratings which served as a
guide to interpret the system performance and the overall result of the system
testing in terms of the software quality assurance of ISO 9126 that conducted by
the developers.

4.3.2 Statistical Formula
The weighted mean of each item in the user evaluation of the proposed system was
computed using the following formula.
Where: WM = weighted mean
sa = number of evaluators who strongly agreed
a = number of evaluators who agreed
fa = number of evaluators who fairly agreed
da = number of evaluators who disagreed
sd = number of evaluators who strongly disagreed
N = number of evaluators
4.3.3 Survey Results
After collecting all the survey forms, the developers summarized all the data for
statistical analysis. The developers showed the summarized system testing
evaluation result and the graphical representation based on its Functionality,
Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability, and portability features of the
system.

Software Acceptability and Features 1 2 3 4 5
FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software performed the task required. 4 16
The software presented the results as expected. 3 17
The software interacted with another system. 5 15
The software is compliant with standards. 5 15
The software provided security for unauthorized access. 20
RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM
The faults can be eliminated overtime. 3 3 14
The software is capable of handling errors. 1 4 15
The software resumed working and restore data. 1 5 14
USABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be understand by user easily. 1 19
The software can be easily learned. 2 18
The software can be operated with the less effort. 1 19
The software interface looks good. 20
EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM
The software responded to user quickly. 1 19
The software utilized resource efficiency. 3 17
MAINTAINABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be analyzed easily. 1 19
The software can be modified easily. 1 19
The software can be continued functioning if changes are 1 4 15
made.
The software can be tested easily. 1 19
PORTABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be easily installed. 2 2 16
The software complied in portability standards. 1 1 18
The software can be uninstalled easily. 20
Table 4-5 (Survey Results)
Table 4-5 shows the survey results of 20 evaluators conducted by the developers in the
system testing of the Computerized Library System.

Functionality
5 4.85 5
4.8 4.75 4.75
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Suitability Accurateness Interoperability Compliance Security
Figure 4-46 (Respondents’ evaluation on the functionality of the system)
Figure 4- 46 shows the average result of the evaluation on the functionality of
the system. The suitability criterion states that the software performed the task
required got the weighted mean of 4.8. The accurateness that provides the
correctness of the software got the mean of 4.85. The interoperability and
compliance that states the standard of the system got the same weighted mean
of 4.75. Security that keeps the system authorized got the highest mean of 5.
Based on the results, the average weighted mean of the functionality of the
system is 4.83 which means the system is evaluated excellently in this aspect.

Reliability
5
4.7 4.65
4.55
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Fault Tolerance Consistency Recoverabilty
Figure 4-47 (Respondents’ evaluation on the reliability of the system)
Figure 4-47 shows the average result of the evaluation on the reliability of the
system. The fault tolerance states that the system can eliminate fault got the
weighted mean of 4.55. While the consistency of the system got 4.7 weighted
mean and also the recoverability that provides faster restore got 4.65 mean.
Based on the results, the average weighted mean of the reliability of the system
is 4.63 which means the system is evaluated excellently in this aspect.

Usability
5 4.95 4.9 4.95 5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
User friendly Learnability Operability Attractiveness
Figure 4-48 (Respondents’ evaluation on the usability of the system)
Figure 4-48 shows the average result of the evaluation on the usability of the
system. User friendliness and operability got the same weighted mean of 4.95
and rated as excellent. Meanwhile the attractiveness of the system got highest
weighted mean of 5.0 and rated also as excellent. Based on the results, the
average weighted mean of the reliability of the system is 4.95 which means the
system is evaluated excellently in this aspect.

Efficiency
5 4.95 4.85
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Time Behavior Resource Utilization
Figure 4-49 (Respondents’ evaluation on the efficiency of the system)
Figure 4-49 shows the average result of the evaluation on the efficiency of the
system. Time behavior that states the fast response of the system got the
weighted mean of 4.95. And the resource utilization that test the efficiency of
the system got the weighted mean of 4.85. Based on the results, the average
weighted mean of the reliability of the system is 4.9 which means the system is
evaluated excellently in this aspect.

Maintainability
5 4.95 4.95 4.95

4.7
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Analyzability Stability Modification Testability
Figure 4-50 (Respondents’ evaluation on the maintainability of the system)
Figure 4-50 shows the average result of the evaluation on the maintainability
of the system. Analyzability, stability and testability that states the simplicity of
the system got the highest weighted mean of 4.95. While modification that
provides correctness of the system got the weighted mean of 4.7. Based on the
results, the average weighted mean of the reliability of the system is 4.88 which
means the system is evaluated excellently in this aspect.

Portability
5 4.85 5
4.7
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Installability Adaptability Replaceabilty
Figure 4-51 (Respondents’ evaluation on the portability of the system)
Figure 4-51 shows the average result of the evaluation on the portability of the
system. Installability that state the ability of fast installing the system got the
weighted mean of 4.7. On the other hand the adaptability of the system got 4.85
weighted mean while the replaceability of the software got the highest weighted
mean which is 5.0. Based on the results, the average weighted mean of the
reliability of the system is 4.85 which means the system is evaluated excellently
in this aspect.

Summary
5 4.83 4.95 4.9 4.88 4.85

4.63
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
Functionality Reliability Usability Efficiency Maintainability Portability
Figure 4-52 (Summary of evaluation of the system)
Figure 4-52 shows the overall evaluation of the evaluators of the system based on ISO
9126 criteria. The summary of the evaluation got an average weighted mean of 4.84
considered as excellent. The graphical representation shows that the evaluators are
strongly agreed that the developed system meets the standard of functionality,
reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability. The overall result
indicates that the developed system can be useful for the future user. This also means
that the system was highly acceptable and recommended to the users.

4.4 SUMMARY
The developers used test plan activities to determine the description of every module
and its process. Also conduct an experiment to support the hypothesis of the
developers. It will show the objective, expected result and actual result of the system
created. An actual result shows the outcome and conclusion of every experiment the
developers has conducted. Test log shows the result of every process we describe in
the test plan that have successfully processed. The developers also conduct integration
testing and system testing to validate that all software module dependencies
are functionally correct. Data gathering also helps the developers to improve the
developed system by using Likert scale to measure the accurateness of the system.

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION
The developers therefore conclude that the Computerized Library Management
System for Liceo De Los Baños is the solution for the library’s problem. The library
encountered different kind of issues and problem such as: Difficulty on tracking
return dates of the books causes conflict in returning transaction and tedious task in
recording book information causes delay on reports and ineffective way of
monitoring the availability of the books. The study conducted was made possible
through personal interviews with responsible persons, research and observations.
Furthermore, the developers’ knowledge and skills were greatly enhanced through
test, system analysis and evaluation. The test made the results to the formulation of
the ideas and inputs that effectively guided the system for great improvement of the
system.
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
The developers would like to recommend the developed system to be
implemented an online reservation for the user to achieve accuracy and
improve operational efficiency in terms of reservation of books and for faster
transaction with the user, provide automatic backup and restore of the system,
and include the calendar of holidays to have an accurate computation of
penalty also the developers recommend those future researches continue to
improve the developed system.

5.2 SUMMARY
Technology is developing at a very fast pace and people from different fields
of the world are making many additions to it. It is impossible to ignore the
impact of technology on our daily lives. The library system is designed to help
you get the book you want as quickly as possible. You can take control of the
process by telling the computer what you want it to do with the books you
need. Obviously, a majority of transaction now are still using a manual system
in their business, so the developers decided to develop a library management
system to maximize their work. Using data gathering and statistical tools such
as observation and interviews, the developers was able to determine the
difference and measure the effectiveness of the system.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The developers would like to thank the following:
Program Head, Ms. Fe Dalangin Yedra who provides additional insights and advises to
our group to make this project better.
Project Coordinator, Ms. Jocelyn Llanderal who patiently reviewed our manuscript and
suggests for the improvement of the project.
Project adviser, Mr. Jester Emann E. Peñaranda who overall reviewed our manuscript and
system progress and made significant insights and reinforcements.
Projects Review Panel, who gives precise advises to finish this project.
Parents, who were always there to provide us inspiration to persevere and finish our
study, supported us all the way including finances, but most of all provided us emotional
strength.
Friends and inspirations, BSIT702 who gives support and share thoughts and ideas to
make this project a lot better and without you guys this project will never be enjoyable.
Client, Ms. Marilyn Mabilangan and Mr. Lolito Cejero who unselfishly give relevant
information on library operation which are very critical in our study. Thank you for the
patience and steadfast encouragement to complete this study.
Above all, the Almighty God who gives us strength and good health to perform our duty.
To God Be the Glory.

Appendix A
Gantt Chart
Appendix B
Work Assignment
Work Assignment
Benedick M. Alforja System Analyst

Technical Writer
Interviewer
Researcher
John Philip B. Bustillo Systems Coding and Design

Researcher
Interviewer
Encoder
Michelle G. Mista System Analyst

Interviewer
Technical Writer
Researcher
Godwin P. Navarro Interviewer

Documentation
Researcher
Encoder
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños B-1

Appendix C
Letter to Client
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños C-1
Appendix D
Endorsement Form for
Proposal Defense
ENDORSEMENT FORM FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSE
TITLE OF RESEARCH: COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM FOR

LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS
NAME OF PROPONENTS: Alforja, Benedick M.

Mista, Michelle G
Navarro, Godwin P.
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
has been examined and is recommended for Proposal Defense.
ENDORSED BY:

Project Adviser
APPROVED FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSE:
Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Project Coordinator
NOTED BY:
Fe Dalangin Yedra, MAITE

Program Head
July 20, 2018
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños D-1

Appendix E
Letter to Adviser
July 16, 2018
To: Jester Emann Peñaranda
Dear Sir/Madame:
Good day!
This semester, the 4th year BS Information Technology students are taking up IT Special
Project as a part of our curriculum. The said subject is requiring us a person that will
monitor and guide us to the project work towards the betterment of the project output.
We are writing to humbly request your service and expertise to serve as an adviser for our
thesis. We have followed your lessons and subjects which are of great help to us. We
believe that your knowledge and insights will be valuable and will greatly enrich our work
Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our request.
Yours Sincerely,
Alforja Benedick M.
Mista, Michelle G.
Navarro, Godwin P.
Statement of acceptance:
“I hereby accept that I will be the adviser of the following students above. “

Thesis Adviser
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños E-1

Appendix F
Adviser Acceptance
Form
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños F-1

July 16, 2018
To: Jester Emann Peñaranda
Dear Sir/Madame:
Good day!
This semester, the 4th year BS Information Technology students are taking up IT
Special Project as a part of our curriculum. The said subject is requiring us a person
that will monitor and guide us to the project work towards the betterment of the
project output.
We are writing to humbly request your service and expertise to serve as an adviser
for our thesis. We have followed your lessons and subjects which are of great help
to us. We believe that your knowledge and insights will be valuable and will greatly
enrich our work
Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our request.
Yours Sincerely,
Alforja Benedick M.
Mista, Michelle G.
Navarro, Godwin P.
Statement of acceptance:
“I hereby accept that I will be the adviser of the following students above. “
______________________
Thesis Adviser
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños F-1

Appendix G
Letter to Grammarian
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños G-1
Appendix H
Consultation Form
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños H-1
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños H-2
Appendix I
Transcript of Interview
Transcript of Interview (Liceo)
1. Ilan po ang library dito sa Liceo?
Dalawa ang library namin. Isa para sa Elementary at isa sa High school pero itong
library na to sa High school.
2. Ilang students po ang napasok dito sa Liceo?
Ah 1096 lahat lahat ang studyante, sa elementary kasi tig-iisang section lang at sa
high school naman depende may dalawa especially sa senior high namin.
3. E sa high school po ilan ang studyante?
Nasa 630 ang total.
4. Ilan book titles po ang nasa library?
3,925 total number ng books, at 2,738 naman ang book title kaya minsan hindi ako
nagpapalabas ng book kasi konti lang ang copy nun.
5. Halimbawa po manghihiram si student ng book pano po ang proseso ng paghiram?
Mag fill up sila dito sa Log book tapos sasabihin nila kung anong libro ang
hihiramin at ako mismo ang kukuha sa shelf. Tapos ililista ko ang title ng book,
author pati date kung kalian nila hiniram at panglan ng nanghiram ng libro.
6. Halimbawa iuuwi ni student ang libro, kailan po pwedeng ibalik yun?
The following day dapat ibabalik na rin.
7. Pano naman po kung Saturday o holiday kinabukasan? Pwede parin po ba
manghiram?
Oo naman. Okay lang yun pati pag nagsuspend ng class.
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños I-1

8. Kapag ibabalik na ang libro pano po ang ginagawa?
Ipapakita ng bata ang id nya saka ko hahanapin isa isa sa log book yung record nya
kung kelan sya nanghiram, kasi minsan pag marami nang nanghiram ng libro
mahirap ng mahanap sa log book yung record kasi madami na.
9. Nag iisue po ba kayo ng penalty? Kung oo anong klase ng penalty po yun?
Sabihin natin na over due date, magbabayad sila ng 2 pesos. Pero wala pa naman
akong naeecounter na nagkaroon ng penalty.
10. Naggawa din po ba kayo ng reports?
Oo, monthly statistical report at pinapasa namin yun sa DepEd
11. Bukod sa statistical record, meron pa bang ibang record or report ang library?
List of books Copyright on 1996 to present, Number of books 3925 books,
Development plan
12. Nawawalan ba ng books ang library o may hindi nagsasauli?
Hindi pa naman siguro.
13. Pano nyo po ginagawa yung monthly statistical report?
Kino-computer ko at nagbabase ako sa log book, tinitignan ko isa isa yung mga
nanghiram ng month na yun.
14. Meron ba kayong listahan ng lahat ng books sa library? Kung meron, ano anong
nakalagay dun?
Wala pa kaming list of books kasi hindi pa nakaCatalog e
15. Namomonitor nyo paba pag available pa yung isang book title, halimbawa nahiram
na lahat ng copy ng book title na yon at isa nalang ang natitira na copy.

Hindi na, minsan kasi hindi ko na nakikita lalo na pag isa nalang yung libro at pag
marami ng nanghiram.
16. Pano nyo nalalaman kung may nawalang libro sa library kung wala naman po
kayong list of books at mga record nito?
Yun siguro hindi ko na nalalaman yun kasi hindi ko naman pwedeng bilangan lagi
ang total ng books para malaman kung ganon parin total nya.
17. Pag may nagsauli sa inyo ng book tinitignan nyo pa ba yung book kung may
damage or sira?
Pag tingin kong okay naman yung libro, binabalik ko na yun sa shelf pero pag
malaki talaga yung sira kailangan nila palitan yun ng maayos na libro. Same book
title, same author kahit ibang edition.
18. Sa tingin nyo po mga ilan ang nanghihiram ng libro kada araw?
Nasa 20 plus siguro.

Appendix J
Sample Forms and Reports
Log Book
Monthly Statistical Report
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños J-1

Borrowing Transaction
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños J-2

Appendix K
Research Questionnaire
RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Client:
We, the 4th year students of STI College Calamba taking up Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology, currently conducting a project entitled “Computerized Library
System for Liceo De Los Baños “. We are asking a little of your time to least and evaluate
our system for further development and analysis.
Name of Client: _______________________ Date of Evaluation: ____________
Instruction: Rate the Following characteristics of the project entitled “Computerized

Library System for Liceo de Los Baños by replacing a check (✔) mark on the place
provided.
1 – Strong Disagree 4 – Agree

2 – Disagree 5 – Strongly Agree
3 – Fairly Agree
Software Acceptability and 1 2 3 4 5

Features
FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software performed the task required.
The software presented the results as expected.
The software interacted with another system.
The software is compliant with standards.
The software provided security for unauthorized access.
RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM
The faults can be eliminated overtime.
The software is capable of handling errors.
The software resumed working and restore data.
USABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be understand/comprehend by user
easily.
The software can be easily learned.
The software can be operated with the less effort.
The software interface looks good.
EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM
The software responded to user quickly.
The software utilized resource efficiency.
MAINTABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be analyzed easily.
The software can be modified easily.
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños K-1

The software can be continued functioning if changes are
made.
The software can be tested easily.
PORTABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
The software can be easily installed.
The software complied in portability standards.
The software can be uninstalled easily.
Client’s Signature and Position:
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños K-2

Appendix L
Certificate of Acceptance
CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE
Liceo De Los Baños is accepting the project of the following students bearing the names
of
Mr. Benedick M. Alforja

Mr. John Philip B. Bustillo
Ms. Michelle G. Mista
Mr. Godwin P. Navarro
To pursue the development of their project entitled “Computerized Library

System for Liceo de Los Baños” from June 2018 to October 2018, as part of requirements
in the subject.
Very truly yours,
Librarian
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños ` L-1

Appendix M
Certificate of Using Client’s
Data
CERTIFICATE OF USING CLIENT DATA
To Whom It May Concern,
Liceo De Los Baños is allowing the students whose names appear below to use the
corporation’s data to pursue the propose project in our library.


System for Liceo De Los Baños” from June 2018 to October 2018, as part of requirements
in the subject.
Very truly yours,
Librarian
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños M-1

Appendix N
Certificate of Interview
CERTIFICATION OF INTERVIEW
To Whom It May Concern:
This is to certify that the following students conducted an interview for their
Software Engineering project bearing the names of


System for Liceo De Los Baños” from June 2018 to October 2018, as part of requirements
in the subject.
Very truly yours,
Librarian
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños N-1

Appendix O
Development Cost
DEVELOPMENT COST
Approximate
Quantity Specifics Actual Cost
Cost
1 Computer Php 25,000 Php 25,000
2 Laptop Php 50,000 Php 50,000
1 Barcode Scanner Php 1,200 Php 1,200
1 Broadband Php 1,000 Php 1,000
Prepared by:
Benedick M. Alforja Michelle G. Mista
John Philip B. Bustillo Godwin P. Navarro
Noted by:
Ivy M. Alforja Mario L. Mista
Leo D. Bustillo Shirley P. Navarro
Approved by:
Jester Emann E. Peñaranda Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños O-1

Appendix P
Program Listing
//Borrowing Transaction String sql = "SELECT * FROM
using System; tbl_reserve";
using System.Collections.Generic; MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
using System.ComponentModel; MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
using System.Drawing; DataTable dt = new DataTable();
using System.Data; sda.Fill(dt);
using System.Linq; conn.Close();
using System.Text; if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
using System.Threading.Tasks; {
using System.Windows.Forms; for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient; i++)
{
namespace LibrarySystem string stat =
{ dt.Rows[i]["status"].ToString();
public partial class ctrlBorrowing : string barcode =
UserControl dt.Rows[i]["barcode"].ToString();
{ string name =
MySqlConnection conn = new dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString();
MySqlConnection("SERVER='" + DateTime grace =
connection.server + "';userid='" + Convert.ToDateTime(dt.Rows[i]["graceperiod"].
connection.uname + "';password='" + ToString());
connection.pass +
"';DATABASE=librarysystem;SslMode=none"); DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
public ctrlBorrowing()
{ if (grace < now && stat ==
InitializeComponent(); "Awaiting Collection")
} {
conn.Open();
void grace() MySqlCommand cmd = new
{ MySqlCommand("update tbl_books set status =
try 'Available' where barcode = '" + barcode + "'",
{ conn);
conn.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños P-1

conn.Close(); {
conn.Open(); conn.Open();
MySqlCommand cmd1 = new MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
MySqlCommand("update tbl_reserve set status MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
= 'Expired' where barcode = '" + barcode + "'", System.Data.DataTable dt = new
conn); System.Data.DataTable();
cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery(); sda.Fill(dt);
conn.Close(); conn.Close();
notifyIcon1.Icon = lv.Clear();
SystemIcons.Exclamation; for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
notifyIcon1.BalloonTipTitle = {
"Book Reservation"; ListViewItem lvitm = new
notifyIcon1.BalloonTipText = ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString());
"Grace time period expired from borrower '" +
name + "'."; lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString());
notifyIcon1.BalloonTipIcon =
ToolTipIcon.Warning; lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString());
notifyIcon1.ShowBalloonTip(1000); lstBorrow.Items.Add(lvitm);
} }
}
} lv.View = View.Details;
}
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
catch (Exception et) zeStyle.ColumnContent);
{
MessageBox.Show(et.Message); lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
} zeStyle.HeaderSize);
} lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
HorizontalAlignment.Center);
public void showBorrow(string Sql, lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 644,
ListView lv) HorizontalAlignment.Center);
{ lv.Columns.Add("Name", 644,
try HorizontalAlignment.Center);

}
catch (Exception e) zeStyle.ColumnContent);
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message); lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
} zeStyle.HeaderSize);
} lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
public void showReserve(string Sql, lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 644,
ListView lv) HorizontalAlignment.Center);
{ lv.Columns.Add("Name", 644,
try HorizontalAlignment.Center);
{ }
conn.Open();
MySqlDataAdapter sda = new catch (Exception e)
MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn); {
System.Data.DataTable dt = new MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
System.Data.DataTable(); }
sda.Fill(dt); }
conn.Close();
lv.Clear(); public void showlv(string Sql, ListView lv)
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) {
{ try
ListViewItem lvitm = new {
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); conn.Open();
MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString()); MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
System.Data.DataTable dt = new
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString()); System.Data.DataTable();
sda.Fill(dt);
lstReserve.Items.Add(lvitm); conn.Close();
} lv.Clear();
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
lv.View = View.Details; {

ListViewItem lvitm = new lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 130,
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); HorizontalAlignment.Center);
//lv.Columns.Add("Name", 180,
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString()); HorizontalAlignment.Center);
lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 130,
lv.Columns.Add("ISBN", 130,
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 180,
lv.Columns.Add("Main Author", 180,
lv.Columns.Add("Location", 150,
lv.Columns.Add("Date Borrowed",
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][8].ToString()); 130, HorizontalAlignment.Center);
lv.Columns.Add("Time Borrowed",
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][9].ToString()); 130, HorizontalAlignment.Center);
}
lstQueue.Items.Add(lvitm);
} catch (Exception e)
{
lv.View = View.Details; MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi }
zeStyle.ColumnContent);
public void showHistory(string Sql,
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi ListView lv)
zeStyle.HeaderSize); {
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, try
HorizontalAlignment.Center); {
conn.Open();

MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][12].ToString());
System.Data.DataTable dt = new
System.Data.DataTable(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][13].ToString());
sda.Fill(dt);
conn.Close(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][14].ToString());
lv.Clear();
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][15].ToString());
{
ListViewItem lvitm = new lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][16].ToString());
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString());
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][17].ToString());
lstHistory.Items.Add(lvitm);
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString()); }
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][3].ToString()); lv.View = View.Details;
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][4].ToString()); lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
zeStyle.ColumnContent);
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString()); zeStyle.HeaderSize);
lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 150,
lv.Columns.Add("Name", 150,
lv.Columns.Add("Grade", 130,
lv.Columns.Add("Accession
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][11].ToString()); Number", 130, HorizontalAlignment.Center);

lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 130, private void lstBooks_DrawItem(object
HorizontalAlignment.Center); sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e)
lv.Columns.Add("ISBN", 130, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center); e.DrawDefault = true;
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 200, if ((e.ItemIndex % 2) == 1)
lv.Columns.Add("Main Author", 200, e.Item.BackColor =
HorizontalAlignment.Center); Color.FromArgb(230, 230, 255);
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, e.Item.UseItemStyleForSubItems =
HorizontalAlignment.Center); true;
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, }
HorizontalAlignment.Center); }
HorizontalAlignment.Center); private void
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, lstBooks_DrawColumnHeader(object sender,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs e)
lv.Columns.Add("Borrow Date", 150, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center); e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.White,
lv.Columns.Add("Return Date", 150, e.Bounds);
HorizontalAlignment.Center); e.DrawText();
lv.Columns.Add("Status", 150, }
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, private void
HorizontalAlignment.Center); lstBorrow_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender,
lv.Columns.Add("Classification", 130, EventArgs e)
} if (lstBorrow.SelectedItems.Count == 0)
return;
catch (Exception e)
{ ListViewItem item =
MessageBox.Show(e.Message); lstBorrow.SelectedItems[0];
}
} txtStudID.Text = item.SubItems[1].Text;
}

//TimeSpan end =
private void ctrlBorrowing_Load(object TimeSpan.Parse("15:45"); // 3:45 PM
sender, EventArgs e) //TimeSpan now =
{ DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay;
showBorrow("select id, studid, name
from tbl_borrow group by studid", lstBorrow); //DayOfWeek today =
showReserve("select id, studid, name DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek;
from tbl_reserve group by studid", lstReserve);
showHistory("select * from tbl_history", //if (today == DayOfWeek.Saturday ||
lstHistory); today == DayOfWeek.Sunday)
grace(); //{
} // MessageBox.Show("You can only
issue books during weekdays.", "Invalid
public static string sendStudID = ""; Action", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
private void MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
lstBorrow_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, //}
MouseEventArgs e)
{ //else if (now < start || now > end)
sendStudID = txtStudID.Text; //{
frmIssueBook x = new // MessageBox.Show("Invalid borrow
frmIssueBook(this); date. You can only transact a book from 7:00
x.ShowDialog(); AM to 3:45 PM.", "Attention",
} MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
private void //}
lstReserve_MouseDoubleClick(object sender,
MouseEventArgs e) //else
{ //{
sendStudID = txtStudID1.Text; frmResIssueBook x = new
frmResIssueBook(this);
////For comparing time x.ShowDialog();
//TimeSpan start = //}
TimeSpan.Parse("7:00"); // 7 AM }

private void txtAccno_TextChanged(object // string rdate =
sender, EventArgs e) dt.Rows[i]["rdate"].ToString();
{ // string rtime =
//try dt.Rows[i]["rtime"].ToString();
//{ // string bdatetime =
// conn.Open(); dt.Rows[i]["bdatetime"].ToString();
// String sql = "SELECT * FROM // string rdatetime =
tbl_books WHERE accno = '" + txtAccno.Text + dt.Rows[i]["rdatetime"].ToString();
"'"; // string status =
// MySqlDataAdapter sda = new dt.Rows[i]["status"].ToString();
MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn); // string fine =
// DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Rows[i]["fine"].ToString();
// sda.Fill(dt);
// conn.Close(); // txtCallno1.Text = callno;
// if (dt.Rows.Count > 0) // txtISBN1.Text = isbn;
// { // txtTitle1.Text = title;
// for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; // txtMauth1.Text = mauthor;
i++)
// { // }
// string callno = // }
dt.Rows[i]["callno"].ToString(); //}
// string isbn =
dt.Rows[i]["isbn"].ToString(); //catch (Exception et)
// string title = //{
dt.Rows[i]["title"].ToString(); // MessageBox.Show(et.Message);
// string mauthor = //}
dt.Rows[i]["mauthor"].ToString(); }
// string transtat =
dt.Rows[i]["transtat"].ToString(); private void btnBorrowList_Click(object
// string bdate = sender, EventArgs e)
dt.Rows[i]["bdate"].ToString(); {
// string btime = pnlBorrow.Visible = true;
dt.Rows[i]["btime"].ToString(); pnlReserve.Visible = false;
pnlHistory.Visible = false;

} //Returning
using System;
private void btnReserveList_Click(object using System.Collections.Generic;
sender, EventArgs e) using System.ComponentModel;
{ using System.Drawing;
pnlBorrow.Visible = false; using System.Data;
pnlReserve.Visible = true; using System.Linq;
pnlHistory.Visible = false; using System.Text;
} using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
private void btnHistory_Click(object using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
sender, EventArgs e)
{ namespace LibrarySystem
pnlBorrow.Visible = false; {
pnlReserve.Visible = false; public partial class ctrlReturning :
pnlHistory.Visible = true; UserControl
} {
MySqlConnection conn = new
private void MySqlConnection("SERVER='" +
lstReserve_SelectedIndexChanged(object connection.server + "';userid='" +
sender, EventArgs e) connection.uname + "';password='" +
{ connection.pass +
if (lstReserve.SelectedItems.Count == 0) "';DATABASE=librarysystem;SslMode=none");
return; public ctrlReturning()
{
ListViewItem item = InitializeComponent();
lstReserve.SelectedItems[0]; }
txtStudID1.Text = public void showReturn(string Sql,

item.SubItems[1].Text; ListView lv)
} {
} try
} {
conn.Open();

MySqlDataAdapter sda = new catch (Exception e)
MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn); {
System.Data.DataTable dt = new MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
System.Data.DataTable(); }
sda.Fill(dt); }
conn.Close();
lv.Clear(); private void ctrlReturning_Load(object
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) sender, EventArgs e)
{ {
ListViewItem lvitm = new showReturn("select id, studid, name
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); from tbl_return group by studid", lstReturn);
}
private void lstReturn_DrawItem(object
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString()); sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e)
{
lstReturn.Items.Add(lvitm); e.DrawDefault = true;
} if ((e.ItemIndex % 2) == 1)
{
lv.View = View.Details; e.Item.BackColor =
Color.FromArgb(230, 230, 255);
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi e.Item.UseItemStyleForSubItems =
zeStyle.ColumnContent); true;
}
zeStyle.HeaderSize);
HorizontalAlignment.Center); lstReturn_DrawColumnHeader(object sender,
lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 644, DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs e)
lv.Columns.Add("Name", 644, e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.White,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); e.Bounds);
} e.DrawText();
}

using System.Linq;
private void using System.Text;
lstReturn_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, using System.Threading.Tasks;
EventArgs e) using System.Windows.Forms;
{ using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
if (lstReturn.SelectedItems.Count == 0)
return; namespace LibrarySystem
{
ListViewItem item = public partial class ctrlReturning :
lstReturn.SelectedItems[0]; UserControl
{
txtStudID.Text = item.SubItems[1].Text; MySqlConnection conn = new
} MySqlConnection("SERVER='" +
connection.server + "';userid='" +
public static string sendStudID = ""; connection.uname + "';password='" +
private void connection.pass +
lstReturn_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, "';DATABASE=librarysystem;SslMode=none");
MouseEventArgs e) public ctrlReturning()
{ {
sendStudID = txtStudID.Text; InitializeComponent();
frmReturnBook x = new }
frmReturnBook(this);
x.ShowDialog(); public void showReturn(string Sql,
} ListView lv)
} {
} try
{
//Home conn.Open();
using System; MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
using System.Collections.Generic; System.Data.DataTable dt = new
using System.ComponentModel; System.Data.DataTable();
using System.Drawing; sda.Fill(dt);
using System.Data; conn.Close();

lv.Clear(); private void ctrlReturning_Load(object
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) sender, EventArgs e)
{ {
ListViewItem lvitm = new showReturn("select id, studid, name
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); from tbl_return group by studid", lstReturn);
}
private void lstReturn_DrawItem(object
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString()); sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e)
{
lstReturn.Items.Add(lvitm); e.DrawDefault = true;
} if ((e.ItemIndex % 2) == 1)
{
lv.View = View.Details; e.Item.BackColor =
Color.FromArgb(230, 230, 255);
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi e.Item.UseItemStyleForSubItems =
zeStyle.ColumnContent); true;
}
zeStyle.HeaderSize);
HorizontalAlignment.Center); lstReturn_DrawColumnHeader(object sender,
lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 644, DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs e)
lv.Columns.Add("Name", 644, e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.White,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); e.Bounds);
} e.DrawText();
}
catch (Exception e)
{ private void
MessageBox.Show(e.Message); lstReturn_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender,
} EventArgs e)
} {
if (lstReturn.SelectedItems.Count == 0)

return;
namespace LibrarySystem
ListViewItem item = {
lstReturn.SelectedItems[0]; public partial class frmIssueBook : Form
{
txtStudID.Text = item.SubItems[1].Text; ctrlBorrowing bor = null;
}
MySqlConnection conn = new
public static string sendStudID = ""; MySqlConnection("SERVER='" +
private void connection.server + "';userid='" +
lstReturn_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, connection.uname + "';password='" +
MouseEventArgs e) connection.pass +
{ "';DATABASE=librarysystem;SslMode=none");
sendStudID = txtStudID.Text;
frmReturnBook x = new [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", EntryPoint =
frmReturnBook(this); "CreateRoundRectRgn")]
x.ShowDialog(); private static extern IntPtr
} CreateRoundRectRgn
} (
} int nLeftRect, // x-coordinate of upper-
left corner
//Issue Book int nTopRect, // y-coordinate of upper-
left corner
using System; int nRightRect, // x-coordinate of
using System.Collections.Generic; lower-right corner
using System.ComponentModel; int nBottomRect, // y-coordinate of
using System.Data; lower-right corner
using System.Drawing; int nWidthEllipse, // height of ellipse
using System.Linq; int nHeightEllipse // width of ellipse
using System.Text; );
using System.Threading.Tasks; //...
using System.Windows.Forms;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient; public frmIssueBook(ctrlBorrowing
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; ctrlBorrowing)

{
InitializeComponent(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][11].ToString());
bor = ctrlBorrowing;
//RoundedFormCorners lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][4].ToString());
FormBorderStyle =
FormBorderStyle.None; lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][8].ToString());
Region =
Region.FromHrgn(CreateRoundRectRgn(0, 0, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][5].ToString());
Width, Height, 20, 20));
} lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString());
public void showBorrow(string Sql, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][7].ToString());

ListView lv)
{ lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][9].ToString());
try
{
conn.Open(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][10].ToString());
MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn); lstBooks.Items.Add(lvitm);
System.Data.DataTable dt = new }
System.Data.DataTable();
sda.Fill(dt); lv.View = View.Details;
conn.Close();
lv.Clear(); lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) zeStyle.ColumnContent);
{
ListViewItem lvitm = new lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); zeStyle.HeaderSize);

lv.Columns.Add("", 0, showBorrow("select * from tbl_borrow
HorizontalAlignment.Center); where studid = '" + sendStudID + "'", lstBooks);
lv.Columns.Add("Status", 110,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); try
lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 130, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center); conn.Open();
lv.Columns.Add("Location", 150, String sql = "select * from tbl_borrow
HorizontalAlignment.Center); where studid = '" + sendStudID + "'";
lv.Columns.Add("ISBN", 130, MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
HorizontalAlignment.Center); MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 180, DataTable dt = new DataTable();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); sda.Fill(dt);
lv.Columns.Add("Main Author", 180, conn.Close();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
lv.Columns.Add("Date Borrowed", {
130, HorizontalAlignment.Center); for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count;
lv.Columns.Add("Time Borrowed", i++)
130, HorizontalAlignment.Center); {
} string studid =
dt.Rows[i]["studid"].ToString();
catch (Exception e) string name =
{ dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString();
MessageBox.Show(e.Message); string grade =
} dt.Rows[i]["grade"].ToString();
}
lblStudID.Text = studid;
private void lblName.Text = name;
frmTransactBorrow_Load(object sender, lblGrade.Text = grade;
EventArgs e) }
{ }
this.ActiveControl = txtBarcode1; }
string sendStudID =
ctrlBorrowing.sendStudID; catch (Exception et)
{

MessageBox.Show(et.Message); }
}
else if (lstBooks.Items.Count == 2)
if (lstBooks.Items.Count == 3) {
{ //ROW 1
//ROW 1 txtCallno1.Text =
txtCallno1.Text = lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[5].Text;
lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[5].Text; txtLoc1.Text =
txtLoc1.Text = lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[6].Text;
lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[6].Text; txtISBN1.Text =
txtISBN1.Text = lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[7].Text;
lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[7].Text; txtID1.Text =
txtID1.Text = lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[0].Text;
lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[0].Text;
//ROW 2
//ROW 2 txtCallno2.Text =
txtCallno2.Text = lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[5].Text;
lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[5].Text; txtLoc2.Text =
txtLoc2.Text = lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[6].Text;
lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[6].Text; txtISBN2.Text =
txtISBN2.Text = lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[7].Text;
lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[7].Text; txtID2.Text =
txtID2.Text = lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[0].Text;
lstBooks.Items[1].SubItems[0].Text; }
//ROW 3 else if (lstBooks.Items.Count == 1)

txtCallno3.Text = {
lstBooks.Items[2].SubItems[5].Text; //ROW 1
txtLoc3.Text = txtCallno1.Text =
lstBooks.Items[2].SubItems[6].Text; lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[5].Text;
txtISBN3.Text = txtLoc1.Text =
txtID3.Text = txtISBN1.Text =

txtID1.Text = else
lstBooks.Items[0].SubItems[0].Text; {
} txtRdate.Text =
Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Date.AddDay
PendingBorrowCount(); s(1));
}
dtpRdate.MinDate = DateTime.Now; }
DayOfWeek today = private void btnClose_Click(object sender,

DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek; EventArgs e)
{
if (today == DayOfWeek.Friday) Close();
{ }
dtpRdate.Value =
DateTime.Now.Date.AddDays(3).AddHours(16) private void lstBooks_DrawItem(object
.AddMinutes(0).AddSeconds(0); sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e)
} {
e.DrawDefault = true;
else if ((e.ItemIndex % 2) == 1)
{ {
dtpRdate.Value = e.Item.BackColor =
DateTime.Now.Date.AddDays(1).AddHours(16) Color.FromArgb(230, 230, 255);
.AddMinutes(0).AddSeconds(0); e.Item.UseItemStyleForSubItems =
} true;
}
DayOfWeek today1 = }
DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek;
if (today1 == DayOfWeek.Friday) private void
{ lstBooks_DrawColumnHeader(object sender,
txtRdate.Text = DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs e)
Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Date.AddDay {
s(3)); e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.White,
} e.Bounds);
e.DrawText();

} conn.Open();
da1.UpdateCommand = new
private void btnPrint_Click(object sender, MySqlCommand("update tbl_queuedbooks set
EventArgs e) callno=@callno, loc=@loc where id = '1'",
{ conn);
string mySqlDate =
Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.ToShortDateS da1.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@callno
tring()); ", MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value =
DateTime date = txtCallno1.Text;
DateTime.Parse(mySqlDate);
da1.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@loc",
MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = txtLoc1.Text;
MySqlDataAdapter();
conn.Open(); da1.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
da.UpdateCommand = new conn.Close();
MySqlCommand("update tbl_printqueue set
studid=@studid, name=@name, date=@date MySqlDataAdapter da2 = new
where id = '1'", conn); MySqlDataAdapter();
conn.Open();
da.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@studid" da2.UpdateCommand = new
, MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = MySqlCommand("update tbl_queuedbooks set
lblStudID.Text; callno=@callno, loc=@loc where id = '2'",
conn);
da.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@name",
MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = lblName.Text; da2.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@callno
", MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value =
da.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@date", txtCallno2.Text;
MySqlDbType.Date).Value = date;
da2.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@loc",
da.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = txtLoc2.Text;
conn.Close();
da2.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
MySqlDataAdapter da1 = new conn.Close();
MySqlDataAdapter();

MySqlDataAdapter da3 = new txtPBCount.Text =
MySqlDataAdapter(); cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString();
conn.Open(); conn.Close();
da3.UpdateCommand = new }
MySqlCommand("update tbl_queuedbooks set
callno=@callno, loc=@loc where id = '3'", private void
conn); txtBarcode_TextChanged(object sender,
EventArgs e)
da3.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@callno {
", MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = try
txtCallno3.Text; {
conn.Open();
da3.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@loc", String sql = "SELECT * FROM
MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = txtLoc3.Text; tbl_books WHERE barcode = '" +
txtBarcode.Text + "'";
if MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
(da3.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() == MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
1) DataTable dt = new DataTable();
{ sda.Fill(dt);
conn.Close(); conn.Close();
QueuedBooks.Show(); if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
} {
} for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count;
i++)
public void PendingBorrowCount() {
{ string accno =
string sendStudID = dt.Rows[i]["accno"].ToString();
ctrlBorrowing.sendStudID; string callno =
string result = "select count(status) from dt.Rows[i]["callno"].ToString();
tbl_borrow where studid = '" + sendStudID + "' string isbn =
&& status = 'Pending Borrow'"; dt.Rows[i]["isbn"].ToString();
MySqlCommand cmd = new string title =
MySqlCommand(result, conn); dt.Rows[i]["title"].ToString();
conn.Open();

string mauthor = {
dt.Rows[i]["mauthor"].ToString();
string status = }
dt.Rows[i]["status"].ToString();
else if (txtStatus.Text == "Issued")
txtAccno.Text = accno; {
txtCallno.Text = callno; MessageBox.Show("Book '" +
txtISBN.Text = isbn; txtAccno.Text + "' is issued to another borrower.
txtTitle.Text = title; Please select another book to issue.",
txtMauth.Text = mauthor; "Attention", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
txtStatus.Text = status; MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
} txtBarcode.Clear();
} txtISBN.Clear();
} txtID.Clear();
txtBarcode1.Clear();
catch (Exception et) }
{
MessageBox.Show(et.Message); else if (i2 < 1)
} {
MessageBox.Show("Barcode doesn't
//If accession number doesn't exist exist.", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MySqlCommand cmd2 = new MessageBoxIcon.Error);
MySqlCommand("select * from tbl_books txtBarcode.Clear();
where barcode = '" + txtBarcode.Text + "'", txtISBN.Clear();
conn); txtID.Clear();
MySqlDataAdapter sda2 = new txtBarcode1.Clear();
MySqlDataAdapter(cmd2); }
DataTable dt2 = new DataTable();
sda2.Fill(dt2); else if(txtISBN.Text == txtISBN1.Text ||
int i2 = txtISBN.Text == txtISBN2.Text || txtISBN.Text
Convert.ToInt32(dt2.Rows.Count.ToString()); == txtISBN3.Text &&
!string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtISBN.Text))
if {
(string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtBarcode.Text))

string sendStudID = DateTime btime =
ctrlBorrowing.sendStudID; DateTime.Parse(mySqlTime);
try
{ string mySqlDate =
conn.Open(); Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.ToShortDateS
String sql = "SELECT * FROM tring());
tbl_borrow WHERE isbn = '" + txtISBN.Text + DateTime bdate =
"' && studid = '" + sendStudID + "'"; DateTime.Parse(mySqlDate);
MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn); TimeSpan rtime = new TimeSpan(16,
DataTable dt = new DataTable(); 0, 0);
sda.Fill(dt);
conn.Close(); //For BDATETIME
if (dt.Rows.Count > 0) DateTime bdatetime =
{ DateTime.Now;
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; string strdt =
i++) bdatetime.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy h:mm tt");
{
string id = MySqlDataAdapter da = new
dt.Rows[i]["id"].ToString(); MySqlDataAdapter();
conn.Open();
txtID.Text = id; da.UpdateCommand = new
} MySqlCommand("update tbl_borrow set
} status=@status where id = '" + txtID.Text + "'",
} conn);
catch (Exception et) da.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@status",

{ MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = "OK";
MessageBox.Show(et.Message);
} da.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
string mySqlTime = //Update status of book
Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay); MySqlDataAdapter da1 = new
MySqlDataAdapter();

conn.Open();
da1.UpdateCommand = new cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@callno",
MySqlCommand("update tbl_books set txtCallno.Text);
status=@status where barcode = '" +
txtBarcode.Text + "'", conn); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@isbn",
txtISBN.Text);
da1.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@status
", MySqlDbType.VarChar).Value = "Issued"; cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@title",
txtTitle.Text);
da1.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close(); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@mauthor",
//Insert data to return module txtMauth.Text);
MySqlCommand cmd = new
MySqlCommand("insert into tbl_return(studid, cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@bdate",
name, grade, accno, callno, isbn, title, mauthor, bdate);
bdate, btime, rdate, rtime, bdatetime, rdatetime,
status, fine, barcode) values(@studid, @name, cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@btime",
@grade, @accno, @callno, @isbn, @title, btime);
@mauthor, @bdate, @btime, @rdate, @rtime,
@bdatetime, @rdatetime, @status, @fine, cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@rdate",
@barcode)", conn); DateTime.Parse(txtRdate.Text).ToString("yyyy/
conn.Open(); MM/dd"));
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@studid", cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@rtime",
lblStudID.Text); rtime);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@name", cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@bdatetime",
lblName.Text); bdatetime);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@grade", cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@rdatetime",
lblGrade.Text); dtpRdate.Value);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@accno", cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@status", "To

txtAccno.Text); be returned");

}
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@fine", "0"); }
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@barcode", else if (txtISBN.Text != txtISBN1.Text ||

"*" + txtAccno.Text + "*"); txtISBN.Text != txtISBN2.Text || txtISBN.Text
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); == txtISBN3.Text &&
conn.Close(); string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtISBN.Text))
showBorrow("select * from {
tbl_borrow where studid = '" + sendStudID + "'", MessageBox.Show("Barcode doesn't
lstBooks); match.", "Invalid Barcode",
txtBarcode.Clear(); MessageBoxButtons.OK,
txtISBN.Clear(); MessageBoxIcon.Error);
txtID.Clear(); txtBarcode.Clear();
txtBarcode1.Clear(); txtISBN.Clear();
PendingBorrowCount(); txtID.Clear();
if(txtPBCount.Text == "0") txtBarcode1.Clear();
{ }
MessageBox.Show("Transaction }
complete!", "Issue Book",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, private void
MessageBoxIcon.Information); txtBarcode1_TextChanged(object sender,
Close(); EventArgs e)
MySqlCommand cmd1 = new {
MySqlCommand("delete from tbl_borrow where if (txtBarcode1.Text.Length == 9)
studid = @studid", conn); {
conn.Open(); txtBarcode.Text = txtBarcode1.Text;
}
cmd1.Parameters.AddWithValue("@studid", }
sendStudID);
cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery(); private void btnBorCancel_Click(object
conn.Close(); sender, EventArgs e)
bor.showBorrow("select id, studid, {
name from tbl_borrow group by studid", if (lblID.Text == "id")
bor.lstBorrow); {

MessageBox.Show("No transaction }
selected.", "Attention",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, private void
MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); lstBooks_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender,
} EventArgs e)
{
else if (lstBooks.SelectedItems.Count == 0)
{ return;
var ask = MessageBox.Show("Are you
sure you want to cancel this borrow transaction? ListViewItem item =
This cannot be undone.", "Attention", lstBooks.SelectedItems[0];
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo,
MessageBoxIcon.Question); lblID.Text = item.SubItems[0].Text;
if (ask == DialogResult.Yes) }
{ }
MySqlCommand cmd = new }
MySqlCommand("delete from tbl_borrow where
id = @id", conn);
conn.Open(); using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", using System.ComponentModel;
lblID.Text); using System.Data;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); using System.Drawing;
conn.Close(); using System.Linq;
MessageBox.Show("Successfully using System.Text;
cancelled borrow transaction.", "Cancel using System.Threading.Tasks;
Transaction", MessageBoxButtons.OK, using System.Windows.Forms;
MessageBoxIcon.Information); using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
showBorrow("select * from
tbl_borrow where studid = '" + lblStudID.Text + namespace LibrarySystem
"'", lstBooks); {
lblID.Text = "id"; public partial class frmKiosk : Form
} {
}

MySqlConnection conn = new //
MySqlConnection("SERVER='" + lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][3].ToString());
connection.server + "';userid='" + //
connection.uname + "';password='" + lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][4].ToString());
connection.pass + //
"';DATABASE=librarysystem;SslMode=none"); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][5].ToString());
//
public frmKiosk() lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString());
{ //
InitializeComponent(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][7].ToString());
} //
//public void showlv(string Sql, ListView //
lv) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][9].ToString());
//{ //
// try lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][10].ToString());
// { //
// conn.Open(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][11].ToString());
// MySqlDataAdapter sda = new //
MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][12].ToString());
// System.Data.DataTable dt = new //
System.Data.DataTable(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][13].ToString());
// sda.Fill(dt); //
// conn.Close(); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][14].ToString());
// lv.Clear(); //
// for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][15].ToString());
// { //
// ListViewItem lvitm = new lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][16].ToString());
ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString()); //
// lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][17].ToString());
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString()); //
// lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][18].ToString());
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString()); //

// // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][20].ToString()); HorizontalAlignment.Center);//2
// // lv.Columns.Add("Call Number",
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][22].ToString()); 130, HorizontalAlignment.Center);//4
// // lv.Columns.Add("Title", 150,
// // lv.Columns.Add("Author", 150,
lvitm.SubItems.Add(DateTime.Parse(dt.Rows[i] HorizontalAlignment.Center);//9
[27].ToString()).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy")); // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
// HorizontalAlignment.Center);//10
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][28].ToString()); // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//11
// lstBooks.Items.Add(lvitm); // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
// } HorizontalAlignment.Center);//12
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
// lv.View = View.Details; HorizontalAlignment.Center);//13
// // lv.Columns.Add("Publisher", 150,
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi HorizontalAlignment.Center);//14
zeStyle.ColumnContent); // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
// HorizontalAlignment.Center);//15
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi // lv.Columns.Add("Year", 100,
zeStyle.HeaderSize); HorizontalAlignment.Center);//16
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); //0 HorizontalAlignment.Center);//17
// lv.Columns.Add("Status", 130, // lv.Columns.Add("", 0,
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//1 HorizontalAlignment.Center);//18

// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//19 MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, System.Data.DataTable dt = new
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//20 System.Data.DataTable();
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, sda.Fill(dt);
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//21 conn.Close();
// lv.Columns.Add("Location", 150, lv.Clear();
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//22 for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
// lv.Columns.Add("Condition", 130, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center);//23 ListViewItem lvitm = new
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString());
// lv.Columns.Add("", 0, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString());
// } lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][5].ToString());
// catch (Exception e) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString());

// {
// MessageBox.Show(e.Message); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][7].ToString());
// }
//} lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][8].ToString());
public void showlv(string Sql, ListView lv) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][9].ToString());

{
try //lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][10].ToString()
{ );
conn.Open();
lstBooks.Items.Add(lvitm);

} //lv.Columns.Add("Reserved Books",
120, HorizontalAlignment.Center);
lv.View = View.Details; }
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi catch (Exception e)

zeStyle.ColumnContent); {
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
zeStyle.HeaderSize); }
HorizontalAlignment.Center); public void showBorCart(string Sql,
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, ListView lv)
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, try
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 200, conn.Open();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); MySqlDataAdapter sda = new
lv.Columns.Add("Author", 200, MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
HorizontalAlignment.Center); System.Data.DataTable dt = new
lv.Columns.Add("Publisher", 150, System.Data.DataTable();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); sda.Fill(dt);
lv.Columns.Add("Location", 120, conn.Close();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); lv.Clear();
lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 120, for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
lv.Columns.Add("Condition", 120, ListViewItem lvitm = new
HorizontalAlignment.Center); ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString());
lv.Columns.Add("Available Copy",
130, HorizontalAlignment.Center); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString());
//lv.Columns.Add("In House Books",
120, HorizontalAlignment.Center); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString());
//lv.Columns.Add("Out Books", 120,
HorizontalAlignment.Center); lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][3].ToString());

{
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][4].ToString()); MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][5].ToString()); }
lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString()); public void showResCart(string Sql,

ListView lv)
lstBorCart.Items.Add(lvitm); {
} try
{
lv.View = View.Details; conn.Open();
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi MySqlDataAdapter(Sql, conn);
zeStyle.ColumnContent); System.Data.DataTable dt = new
System.Data.DataTable();
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi sda.Fill(dt);
zeStyle.HeaderSize); conn.Close();
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, lv.Clear();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 120, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center); ListViewItem lvitm = new
lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 120, ListViewItem(dt.Rows[i][0].ToString());
lv.Columns.Add("ISBN", 120, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][1].ToString());
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 200, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][2].ToString());
lv.Columns.Add("Main Author", 200, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][3].ToString());
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][4].ToString());
} lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][5].ToString());
catch (Exception e) lvitm.SubItems.Add(dt.Rows[i][6].ToString());

{
lstResCart.Items.Add(lvitm); String test = frmStudLogin.sendStudID;
}
try
lv.View = View.Details; {
conn.Open();
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi String sql = "SELECT * FROM
zeStyle.ColumnContent); tbl_students WHERE studid = '" + test + "'";
lv.AutoResizeColumns(ColumnHeaderAutoResi MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
zeStyle.HeaderSize); DataTable dt = new DataTable();
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, sda.Fill(dt);
HorizontalAlignment.Center); conn.Close();
lv.Columns.Add("Student ID", 120, if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
lv.Columns.Add("Call Number", 120, for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count;
HorizontalAlignment.Center); i++)
lv.Columns.Add("ISBN", 120, {
HorizontalAlignment.Center); string studid =
lv.Columns.Add("Title", 200, dt.Rows[i]["studid"].ToString();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); string lname =
lv.Columns.Add("Main Author", 200, dt.Rows[i]["lname"].ToString();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); string fname =
lv.Columns.Add("", 0, dt.Rows[i]["fname"].ToString();
HorizontalAlignment.Center); string grade =
} dt.Rows[i]["grade"].ToString();
catch (Exception e) lblStudID.Text = studid;

{ lblName.Text = lname +", " +
MessageBox.Show(e.Message); fname;
} lblGrade.Text = grade;
} }
}
public void GetInfo()

Appendix Q
User’s Manual
Admin User
The admin must enter its username and password in order to have access to the
system.
If the admin input the wrong username or password this will appear.
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños Q-1

If the admin input the correct username and password the admin will have access
to the system.
The admin can add new librarian by clicking the button “Add New Librarian”.

The admin must fill the following fields in order to add a new librarian.
If the admin completed all the fields the admin can register the new librarian.

To finish the registration just click the button “OK”.
This is the result of the new added librarian.

The admin can add a student assistant by clicking the button “Add New Student
Assistant”.
If the admin completed all the fields the admin can register the new student
assistant.

To finish the registration just click the button “OK”.
The admin can edit the accounts of the users.

The admin will just update the information of the user and successfully update the
user’s information.
The admin can also delete the account of the user.

To delete the account of the user just select the user and click the “delete” button.
Click “OK” button to successfully delete the account of the user.

This is the result if the other user is deleted.
The admin can also see the log activity of the users.

The admin can delete the activity log of other account by clicking the “Delete”
button.
To successfully delete the log just click the “OK” button.

The admin can delete all the activity log from the audit trail just by clicking the
“Delete All” button.
To successfully delete the log just click the “OK” button.

The admin successfully deleted all the activity logs from the audit trail.

Kiosk
The borrower needs to input the ID number to successfully log in and to borrow a
book.
This will appear if the borrower input the wrong ID number.

If the borrower successfully logs in from the system this will appear.
The borrower can search a book by title.

The borrower needs to click the book and click the “Add to Borrow Cart” in order
to borrow a book.
The borrower successfully adds the book to the cart.

This is the borrower’s cart.
To borrow the book the borrower needs to click the “Borrow” button and
successfully borrow the book from the library.

To successfully borrow just click the “OK” button.
The borrower can also remove a book from the cart just by clicking the book and
the “Remove” button.

To successfully remove the book just click the “OK” button.
This is the empty Borrow Cart if the borrower removes the book from the cart.

Librarian
The librarian will sign in to successfully access the system.
The user just need to click the “OK” button so successfully log in

This will show after the user log in successfully.
The user can see the borrowers by clicking the “Borrowers” tab.

The user can archive borrower by selecting a book and clicking the “Archive” button.
The user will click the “OK” button to successfully archive the borrower.

The user can also update the information of the borrower just by selecting a
borrower and by clicking the “Update” button.
This is where the user can update the borrower’s information.

To successfully update the borrower’s information just click the “OK” button.
The borrower’s information is successfully updated.

The user needs to fill the fields to add new borrower and click the “Register” button.

The user just needs to click the “OK” button to finish the registration.
This shows that the new borrower was added.

The user can import borrowers from excel file just by clicking the “Import
Borrowers” tab.
The user just needs to click the “Import” button.

The user can also issue a library card, just by clicking the “Print library Card” tab.

This is the library card that the system will provide.

The system will also show the list of the books by clicking the “Books” tab.
The user can add the copy of the book by selecting a book and by clicking the “Add
Book Copy” button.

To successfully add a book just click the “Add” button.
By clicking the “OK’ button the book will be added successfully.

The user can update a book by selecting a book and by clicking the “Update” button.
This will show if the user will update the selected book.

To successfully update the book just click the “Update Book/s” button and the
“Yes” button.

The user just needs to click the “OK” button to successfully finish the update.
This shows that the book was updated.

The user can register a new book by clicking “Register” button.
To successfully register a book just fill the fields and click the “Register Book/s”
button.

Just click the “Register Book/s” button and “OK” button to register a new book.

The new book is successfully registered.
This is the borrow list where the user can see all the borrowed books.

This is the reserve list where the user can see all the reserved books.
This is the Borrow History where the user can see all the past transactions.

This is the Returning modules where the user can see all the books that will be
returned by the borrower.
This is the Report module where the user can see and print all the reports by clicking
the “Show Report” button.

This is the Master List report.
Click the “Borrowers (JHS)” tab to see the reports and click the “Show Report”
button.

This is the printed report from the Borrower List Report from Junior High School.

Click the “Borrowers (SHS)” tab to see the reports and click the “Show Report”
button

This is the printed report from the Borrower List Report from Senior High School.

The user can see the statistical report by clicking the “Monthly Statistical Report”
tab.
The user can set the moth and show the Monthly Statistical from the month the user
input. To show the report just click the “Confirm Button” button.

This is the printed Monthly Statistical Report.

Appendix R
Curriculum Vitae of
Researchers
Benedick M. Alforja
12374 Mayondon, Los Baños, Laguna
+63977696969
jalforja77@gmail.com
Career Objective:
I am looking for a challenging career with a progressive organization that provides an
opportunity to capitalize my technical skills and abilities in the field of Information
Technology.
Education Details:
2015-2020 STI College Calamba
2011-2015 Refiners Christian School
High School Diploma
2005-2011 Hasik Bagong Buhay Christian School Inc.
Elementary Diploma
Skills:
• Visual Basic, MS Office, C++, Java Proficient
• Adobe Creative Suite
• Excellent in writing and communication skills
• Highly organized and efficient
Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños R-1

John Philip B. Bustillo
114 Brgy. San Juan Calamba City

0946-113-4775
jp.bustillo14@gmail.com
Career objectives:
To take a challenging and managerial role in the field of Computer programming and
implement the expertise and experience gained in this field to develop complex project
with efficiency and quality
Education details:
2011-2015 Ungos National High School
High School Diploma
2005-2011 Cawain Elementary School
Elementary Diploma
Skills:
▪ Proficient in HTML, CSS, PHP, and MySQL
▪ Knowledgeable in c#
▪ Good professional verbal and written communication skills
▪ Organized planner and visionary

Michelle G. Mista
Brgy. Santol, Tanauan City Batangas
0936-853-2942
mista.michelle17@gmail.com
Career objective:
To work in learning and challenging environment, utilize my skill and knowledge to be the
best of my abilities and contribute positively to my personal growth as well of the
organization.
Education details:
2011-2015 Malaking Pulo National High School
High School Diploma
2005-2011 Malaking Pulo Elementary School
Elementary Diploma
Skills:
▪ Proficient in HTML and CSS
▪ Proficient in PHP and Java
▪ Excellent in MS Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint)
▪ Has a basic knowledge in Programming and Database management
▪ Willingness to learn, take instruction and responsibility

Godwin P. Navarro
Brgy. Anos Santol Sreett, Los Banos Laguna
0977-288-9854
godwin19281@gmail.com
Career objectives:
• Looking for the job opportunities to work as software developer for a leading company
where in my knowledge & expertise is used
• To secure a position where I can efficiently contribute my skills and abilities for the
growth of the organization and build my professional career
Education details:
2011-2015 Liceo de Los Banos
High School Diploma
2005-2011 B.N Calara Elementary School
Elementary Diploma
Technical Skills:
▪ Proficient in HTML and CSS
▪ Proficient in PHP
▪ Excellent in MS Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint and MS Access.
▪ Proficient in MySql

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COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM FOR LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS

the Faculty of STI College Calamba

Jester Emann E. Peñaranda

This Project entitled

Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños

submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the

Jester Emann E. Peñaranda

This Project entitled

Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños

after having been presented is hereby approved

Fe Dalangin Yedra Norris Alexis P. Amora

Dr. Ferdinand R. Bunag

This Project entitled

Computerized Library System for Liceo de Los Baños

After having been recommended and approved is hereby accepted

Hiedelita J. Orencia, MAED, LPT

Adviser’s Recommendation Sheet ii

Panel’s Approval Sheet iii

Project Coordinator and Dean’s Acceptance Sheet iv

List of Appendices xvi

1.1 Statement of the Problem 1-3

1.2 Current State of Technology 1-4

1.2.1 Local Study 1-4

1.2.2 Foreign Study 1-13

1.2.3 Literature 1-22

1.2.4 Client 1-25

1.3 Objectives 1-30

1.3.1 General Objectives 1-30

1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1-30

1.3.3 Scope and Limitation 1-31

1.3.3.2 Limitations 1-34

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Input Process Output 2-1

2.3 Modified Waterfall Model 2-3

2.4 Document Management System 2-7

2.4.1 SQL Language Statement 2-9

2.4.2 Relational Databases 2-20

2.4.3 Data Integrity Rules 2-24

2.4.4 Structured Query Language 2-26

2.5 General System Theory 2-29

2.6 Programming Language Theory 2-31

2.7 Dewey Decimal Classification Theory 2-32

2.8 Summary 2-34

CHAPTER 3 COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR

LICEO DE LOS BAÑOS

3.1 Introduction 3-1

3.2 System Design Specification 3-1

3.2.1 Hardware and Software Components 3-2

3.2.1.1 Hardware Components 3-3

3.2.1.2 Software Components 3-14

3.2.2 User Design Tool 3-23

3.2.2.2 Input Process Output 3-28

3.2.2.3 Context Diagram 3-43

3.2.2.4 Data Flow Diagram 3-44

3.2.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 3-56

3.2.2.6 Data dictionary 3-58

3.3 Summary 3-65

CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSYS

4.1 Introduction 4-1

4.2 Experimental 4-1

4.2.1 Test Plan Activities 4-1

4.2.2 Test Cases 4-6