Power Electronics Lecture No.

11

11. Single-phase AC Controller with R-L load

The single –phase AC controller with resistive load is shown in
Fig.11.1.Due to the inductance in the circuit , the current in thyristor T1
would not fall to zero at ωt = π, when the source voltage vs start to be
negative. Thyristor T1 continues to conduct until its current i1 falls to
zero at ωt =β.

Fig.1

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

By KVL;

v s = v o = VR + v L
The equation for the current through R-L load can be found from the

solution of the differential equation:

di
L  i R  Vm sin t
dt

The solution of this differential equation is:

 The start of conduction is delayed until t  . Subsequent to

triggering, let the instantaneous current i (t ) consists of

hypothetical steady-state components iss (t ) and transient

component itrans (t ) ,

i(t )  iss (t )  itrans (t )

Now at t   , the instantaneous steady-state component has the

value,

Vm
i ss ( )  sin(   )
Z

where

Z R 2   2 L2
L
  tan 1
R

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

The transient component of the current,

Hence the equation for the current i,

R
V  t
i(t )  m sin(t   )  Ae L   t  
Z

The constant A can be found from the initial conditions:

At t = , i = 0 , hence from eq.(2) ,

R 
V ( )( )
A   m sin(   )e L 
Z

 Subsequent to 

The transient component decay exponentially from it’s

Vm L
instantaneous value of [ - sin(   ) ] by the time constant   . Thus
Z R.

 Vm 
t

itrans (t )  sin(   )e 

Z

R
Vm  (t  )
For t > , itrans (t )   sin(   )e L
Z

 The complete solution for the current at first cycle

R
v V  (t  )
i(t )  m sin(t   )  m sin(   )e L
Z Z

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

Extinction Angle β

For the current in the interval   t  

R
vm Vm  (t  )
i(t )  sin(t   )  sin(   )e L
Z Z

But at t   , i(t )  0 , hence

R
vm Vm  (   )
0  sin(    )  sin(   )e L
Z Z
R
But  cot 
L

0  sin(   )  sin(   )e  cot (   )

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

If α and θ are known, β can be calculated. However, this is a

transcendental equation (i.e. cannot be solved explicitly and no way

of obtaining   f ( ,  ) ).

Method of solution is by iteration,

e.g. If θ = 600,  = 1200 = 2 / 3

cot   0.578

2
0.578(   )
sin(   60 )  sin(120  60)e
0 0 3
   2220

Approximate solution of β :-

  180 0    

where

  50 ~ 100 for large R and small L

 100 ~ 150 for R  L
 150 ~ 200 for small R and large L

For the previous example,

  60 0 ,   15 0  20 0
   180 0  60 0  15 0  225 0
or
  180 0  60 0  20 0  220 0

=222.5⁰

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

Load voltage waveform analysis

The load voltage waveform for R-L load with AC chopper is shown

in Fig.

This waveform can be represented as :

vL (t )  Vm sin t 0,,, , 2

=0 elsewhere
Fourier analysis of the above waveform,

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

Use the trigonometric relation sin2x =2 sinx cosx

Vm
a1  [cos 2  cos 2 ]
2

Vm
b1  [2(    )  sin 2  sin 2 ]
2
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Power Electronics Lecture No.11

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Power Electronics Lecture No.11