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Study on Self Compacting Concrete of M30 Grade by Replacing Cement with

Marble Powder

Article · February 2016

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 International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2016)

Study on Self Compacting Concrete of M30 Grade

by Replacing Cement with Marble Powder
S.Kavitha, Umadevi.R, Sugandha.N
Assistant professor
Department of civil Engineering
ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
sajjalakavitha@gmail.com,umagowda28@gmail.com,sugandha495@gmail.com

Abstract: The use of SCC has steadily increased in current years
which are an alternate to conventional concrete for high density
or intricate reinforced sections and assigned in narrow moulds.
In the present work, Nan su technique has been applied to obtain
optimum of SCC mix design to get the mechanical and structural
strength of concrete such that cement is replaced by Marble
powder and the experimentation work includes the fresh
properties tests on SCC to know the characteristic behavior and
the hardened properties of SCC is determined to know the
compression strength, flexural strength of beams and durability
properties .
Index Terms—Compression, strength, durability, mix design,
replacement.
1. INTRODUCTION
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first introduced in Japan
during 1980's, since then it has been the subject to numerous
investigations in order to achieve the desired properties of
modern concrete structures. At the same time the producers of
additives have developed more and more sophisticated
plasticizers and stabilizers tailor-made for the precast and the
ready-mix industry (Okamura & Ouchi, 2003; Kordts & Grube,
2003). One of the most outstanding advances in the concrete
technology in the last decade is “self-compactin concrete”.
The design of concrete mix is not a simple task on account of
widely varying properties of the constituent materials and
many factors affect its target value. In mix design cohesive
strength, desired durability, workability is achieved by
choosing its proportion of cement, coarse aggregate, fine
aggregate, water and admixtures. In this, view Nan su method
is adopted to prepare the mix design input table. The mix
design problem is a multi-characteristic optimization problem.
However, in the present work, the problem is considered to the
single characteristic optimization problem and the
characteristic to be optimized strength of concrete.
2. MATERIALS
collected from one single source and the cement bags were
stored carefully.
Coarse aggregates: The aggregate of size greater than 4.75
mm is considered as coarse aggregate. Locally available
crushed granite aggregate passing through 12.5mm and
retaining on 4.75mm was used for all of the mixes of SCC. The
aggregates used were conforming to IS: 383-1970.
Fine aggregates: Aggregate of size less than 4.75mm is
considered as fine aggregate.Locally available M-sand passing
through 4.75mm sieve was used for all of the mixes of SCC.
The aggregates used were conforming to zone ІІ according to
IS: 383-1970.
Water: Generally, cement requires about 3/10 of its weight of
water for hydration.Some specification also accepts water of
pH value between 6 and 8 for making concrete but water has to
be free from organic0matter.
Marble: Marble1powder is created as a by cutting of marble.
The waste1is pretty nearly in the scope of 20% of the aggregate
marble taken care of.The marble1cutting plants are dumping
the powder in pit or empty spaces.
The physical1properties of marble powder are tested with
suitable1experiments. We found that the fineness1modulus of
marble powder is 1.5m2/g and specific gravity is 2.65.
Super plasticizer
In order to maintain deformability along with flow ability in
paste, a super plasticizer is must in the concrete. The super
plasticizer used in the present work is Glenium B233 which is
commercially marketed by BASF Construction Chemical
(India) Private Limited. Glenium B233 is different from
conventional super plasticizers. It is based on a unique
carboxylic ether polymer with long0lateral chains. This greatly
improves cement dispersion. The normal dosage for Glenium
B233 is between 0.5 and 1.5litres per 100kg of cementitious
material.
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

Cement: Cement is first, to bind the fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate together and fill the voids in between coarse
aggregate and fine aggregate particles to form a compact mass.
Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to the specifications of
IS: 12269-1987 was used. The0cement was Birla-53 grade
OPC. The quantity of cement required for the experiments was
Fresh properties tests for SCC: There are no acceptable tests,
which can directly measure the workability as defined earlier.
The following methods give a measure of workability
indirectly. In fact, these methods have found universal
acceptance and their values are because of their simplicity and
their ability to detect the variations in the uniformity of a mix.

6
 International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2016)
Therefore test equipment‟s were fabricated for judging the
following characteristics:-
• Filling ability: This is the ability of the concrete to
flow under its own weight both horizontally and
vertically upwards without honeycombing around any
shape.
• Passing0ability: This is the0ability of the concrete0to
flow freely through0dense reinforcement0without
blocking.
• Resistance0to segregation: This is the0ability of SCC
to maintain a homogenous0mix during and
after0placement, without0separation of
aggregate0from the paste, or water from0solids
Slump flow test: Approximately 6 litre of concrete is necessary
to perform the test. The base plate and the inside of the slump
cone were dampened. The base plate was set on level stable
ground and the slump cone was found halfway on the base
plate and hold down immovably. The concrete was0filled into
the cone with the scoop without compacting.The surplus
material on the top of slump cone was evacuated and levelled
with a trowel. The surplus concrete around the cone's base was
evacuated. The slump cone was hoisted vertically upwards
allowing the concrete to flow out freely. The time taken for
concrete to achieve the 500 mm spread circle was noted by
utilizing the stopwatch. This is the T50 time. After the flow of
concrete was stationary, the final dia across of concrete in two
opposite direction was measured. The two's average measured
dia across is called as slump flow in mm.
V funnel test and V funnel test at T50Minutes:
Approximately 12 liters of concrete was necessary to perform
this test. The V-funnel assembly was set on the firm ground.
The inward surfaces of the V – funnel was hosed and the
additional water in pipe was depleted through trap entryway by
opening it. Previously beginning the test, the trap entryway was
shut and a bucket was put underneath. The V – funnel
assembly was completely filled with concrete with no
compaction. The upper surface was leveled with the trowel.
The trap entryway was opened and concrete was allowed to
flow out under gravity. By utilizing the stopwatch, the time
taken for the entire release of concrete from the funnel was
measured. The whole test has to be accomplished within
50minutes.
Hence measuring the flow time, the trap entryway of the V-
funnel was bolted and a bucket was kept underneath. A fresh
concrete was filled into the assembly completely with no
compaction. The upper surface was leveled with the trowel.
The trap entryway was opened following 50minutes and the
concrete was allowed to flow out under gravity.The ideal
opportunity for the complete release of concrete from the
funnel was recorded this time of V funnel at T5 minutes.
L box test: The apparatus consists of a rectangular-section box
in the shape of an L with a vertical and horizontal section,
separated by a moveable gate, in front of which vertical lengths
of reinforcement bar are fitted.
7
Approximately 14 liters of concrete is necessary to perform the
test. The test assembly was set on the firm ground. It was
confirmed that the sliding gate can open and close easily. The
inner sides of the0apparatus were dampened0and extra water
was removed.
The vertical section of the assembly was loaded with the
concrete. The sliding entryway of the vertical segment was
raised and concrete has allowed to streaming out into the even
area. The time taken for concrete to achieve the 200 and
400mm marks in the flat area was measured simultaneously by
utilizing the stopwatch. The distances H1 and H2 were
measured when the concrete stops streaming and the blocking
ratio H2/H1 are ascertained. The most extreme time needed for
performing this L – box test is 5 minutes.
Hardened properties tests for SCC: Testing of hardened
concrete plays an important role in controlling and confirming
the0quality of cement concrete works.
Compressive strength test: As per IS 516-1959, Cubes of size
150 x 150 x 150mm were cast to evaluate the compressive
strength of concrete. A test result is the average of at least three
standard cured strength specimens made from the same
concrete sample and tested at the same age.
Compressive strength (fc) = P/A
Where, P = load at failure in kg and A = surface area of bearing
cube in cm2
Flexural strength test: Concrete as we know is relatively
strong in compression and weak in tension. In Reinforced
concrete members, little dependence is placed on the tensile
strength of concrete since steel reinforcing bars are provided to
resist all tensile forces As per IS 516-1959, a beam of size 150
x 150 x 700mm is found dependable to measure flexural
strength properties of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
The flexural strength of the specimen expressed as modulus of
rapture ff in kg/cm2 is calculated as:
Modulus of rapture, ff = Pl / (bd2)
Where, P is the maximum load at failure in kg, l is the length of
the beam specimen in cm, b is the width of the beam specimen
in cm and d is the depth of the beam specimen.
Flexural strength test: Concrete as we know is relatively
strong in compression and weak in tension. In Reinforced
concrete members, little dependence is placed on the tensile
strength of concrete since steel reinforcing bars are provided to
resist all tensile forces As per IS 516-1959, flexural strength
properties of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). A test result is
the average of at least three standards a beam of size 150 x 150
x 700mm is found dependable to measure specimens that were
cured in water for 28 days.
The flexural strength of the specimen expressed as modulus of
rapture ff in kg/cm2 is calculated as:
Modulus of rapture, ff = Pl / (bd2)
Where, P is the maximum load at failure in kg, l is the length of
the beam specimen in cm, b is the width of the beam specimen
in cm and d is the depth of the beam specimen
 International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2016)
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS developing SCC based on the result of this study, the following
conclusion are drawn:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SCC
• Based on the fresh concrete properties it can be concluded
TABLE.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SCC AFTER WATER CURING
No. Description Compressive Strength that higher the powder content in SCC mixes higher will
7 28 56 be the slump flow.
1 Normal SCC 24.49 31.33 40.22 • SCC mix was developed without using viscosity
modifying agent (VMA).
2 M1 95% C + 05 % MP 25.11 32.12 41.88
• It is advantageous to mix the super plasticizer and water
3 M2 90% C + 10 % MP 26.83 34.02 42.92 initially and mix the constituents for six minutes for
achieving better adsorption on cement particles and to get
4 M3 85% C + 15 % MP 25.45 32.85 40.71 good results of the fresh properties.
5 M4 80% C + 20 % MP 24.20 31.48 42.35
• SCC gives good finishing as compared to ordinary
concrete without any external means of compaction.
• Workability characteristics of fresh SCC in terms
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF SCC of0Slump flow, J-ring, V-funnel, L box and U-box test
indicated thatthe several workability characteristics of
TABLE.2 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF SCC AFTER WATER CURING
SCC
No. Description Compressive Strength
7 28 56 • It is possible to manufacture a structural self-compacting
1 Normal SCC 3.39 4.03 4.96 concrete with high self-consolidating characteristics (flow
ability, deformability, self-compact ability and stability)
2 M1 95% C + 05 % MP 3.53 4.35 5.04 using local-available constituents.
• Mix design for SCC can be carried out by Nan-Su method
3 M2 90% C + 10 % MP 3.76 4.42 5.38
which is considered as a simple mix design and the
4 M3 85% C + 15 % MP 3.64 4.96 5.31 dosage of super plasticizer will be determined by trial and
error as substantial result of properties of fresh and
5 M4 80% C + 20 % MP 3.45 4.81 5.25 hardened concrete.
• Marble powder & GGBS was witnessed to improve the
mechanical and rheological
DURABILITY TEST
• In Nan Su method of mix design packing factor is one of
TABLE.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SCC AFTER28 AND 56 DAYS ACID the main factors, which should be obtained by accurate
CURING investigation.
Mix Proportions Average loss in weight (%)
No
28Days 56Days REFERENCES
1 NSCC 3.56 4.22
2 M1 95% C + 05 % MP 2.35 3.65 [1]. H.Okamora And M.Ouchi Self-compacting concrete progress, present
3 M2 90% C + 10 % MP 2.01 3.04 use and future. First worldwide RILEM Symposium on Self-compacting
4 M3 85% C + 15 % MP 2.18 3.33 Concrete. Rilem PublicationsSARL, 3-14.1999
5 M4 80% C + 20 % MP 2.76 3.78 [2]. Poppe A.M. And Schutter, G.D. 2005. Cement hydration within the
Presence ofexecessive filler contents. Cem. Concr. Res., 35 (12): 2290-
2299.
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sulphuric acid and PH-2 was maintained. The evaluation was specification,production and use. May 2005.
conducted after 30, 60 and 900days from the date of immersion [4]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers, ―Recommendation for Construction
in solution. After removing the specimens from the solution, of SelfCompacting Concrete‖,157- 164 pp., 1998.
[5]. VenuMalagavelliet. Al “high performance CONCRETE WITH GGBS
the surfaces were cleaned with a soft nylon wire brush under AND ROBOSAND”/international journal of engineering and science/
the running tap water to remove weak products and loose vol. 2(10), 2010, 5107-5113.
material from the surface. Then the specimens were allowed to [6]. Swamy R.N, High Performance Durability through Design. International
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209-230, 1996.
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Flexural strength Fine Aggregate‘,32nd Conference on Our World in Concrete and
Structures:28-29 August 2007.
5. CONCLUSION [8]. M. Sailakshmi and Dr.B.S.R.kprasad., ’strength and Workability traits
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and Sand with GBBS and Robosand., international Journal of
Test on both fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete Engineering study & technological know-how(IJERT)Vol. 2 issue 8,
using marble powder as a replacement for cement work August – 2013.
conducted to determine the suitability of marble powder for the [9]. IS: 12089 (Specification for Granulated Slag for Manufacture of
Portland Slag Cement), Indian Standard Code of Practice, 1987.

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