Market Expansion Challenge

Team Number: 460

Company: Plastic Revolutions

Authors:

Stephanie Hernandez Mexico (A01324935@itesm.mx)

Tasks: Responsible for section 2
Maham Khan Pakistan (maham.khan@khi.iba.edu.pk)
Tasks: Responsible for section 6
Muhammad Ridhwan Bin Shahbani Malaysia (ridhwanshahbani@gmail.com)
Tasks: Responsible for section 7
Taylor Skelly USA (tskelly@fandm.edu)
Tasks: Responsible for executive summary as well as sections 1, 3, & 4
Osman Yakhuzov USA (OY9917@ship.edu)
Tasks: Responsible for section 5
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 1

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..2

Section 1: Survey of the Industry…………………………………………………………….....3

Section 2: Company Competitive Position……………………………………………………..4

Section 3: Market Success Criteria……………………………………………………………..6

Section 4: Market Selection & Analysis………………………………………………………..8

Section 5: Logistics……………………………………………………………………………...11

Section 6: Pricing……………………………………………………………………………….13

Section 7:Promotion & Marketing…………………………………………………………….17

Works Cited……………………………………………………………………………………..21
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 2

Executive Summary:

● Supply chain of recycled plastics industry provides both stability and vulnerability to the
business model of Plastic Revolutions
● The cultural and economic landscape of capitalism have created new inherent demand for
recycled plastics
● Geographic consideration of new potential markets will dictate the type of market entry
Plastic Revolutions pursues
● Weight associated with recycled HDPE creates logistical issues, can mandate FDI market
entry
● All market characteristics being considered, Mexico and Canada most promising
potential new market
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 3

Section 1: Survey of the Industry

In order to understand the analysis and recommendations that our team is making for

Plastic Revolutions, it is crucial to understand what exactly the plastic recycling industry looks

like. To begin, the supply chain of recycled plastics is variable, and there are a number of ways

in which a recycling company can obtain their supply of non-recycled plastics. With that being

said, the most common way, and the way that Plastic Revolutions gets their plastic, is through

either post-consumer or post-industrial waste. In more simple terms, Plastic Revolutions usually

either gets their plastic from municipal waste treatment centers or from large industrial

manufacturers that produce plastic scrap through their respective production processes. Plastic

Revolutions focuses on HDPE, or high density polyethylene, which they thoroughly clean and

then grind up into little pellets before selling to manufacturers that make products that are dark in

color, like corrugated piping. Recycled HDPE is naturally black in color, so most of the products

that are created from it are also darker in color due to the constraints of dying a black object

another color.

In terms of the technologies and costs associated with entering the plastic recycling

industry, by the time this report is read, the answer will probably be outdated. Journalist David

Gelles wrote an article for the New York Times titled, "Big Companies Put Their Money Where

the Trash Is." Gelles article was particularly surprising to our group, and he writes in the

beginning of the article, "The issue isn’t a lack of demand for this recycled plastic... Instead, the

problem is infrastructure. Most recycling facilities simply aren’t sophisticated enough to collect,

sort, clean and process these plastics and still turn a profit." Gelles goes on to share that two men

by the names of Ron Gonen and Rob Kaplan founded the Closed Loop Fund, a $100 million

quasi bank that is funded via investments from some of the biggest companies in the United
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 4

States, with an emphasis on providing zero interest or below market rate loans to local

governments and companies that want to invest and develop the recycling centers and

infrastructure that the United States desperately needs.

What this boils down to is an ever expanding and advancing plastic recycling industry

that is still trying to sort itself out. The company this report is based on for instance, Plastic

Revolutions, has built and created much of the equipment they utilize for their operations in

house. In other words, it is proprietary. Companies are constantly coming up with new ways to

make the recycling process more efficient, and thus more profitable. For starters however, a

company looking to enter this space is going to need a reasonably sized warehouse space,

somewhere in the neighborhood of 50-100 thousand square feet to accommodate the

manufacturing process and then storing it until it is shipped out.

It is also important to recognize a key driver in the price of recycled plastics, which is

mainly the supply of virgin plastics. Virgin plastics are susceptible to changes in the price of oil,

but recycled plastics are more so sensitive to the level of demand that is present. Thus, if the

supply of virgin plastics is high, and the demand for plastics in general is relatively low, the

difference in price between virgin and recycled plastics will be minimal, making quite hard to be

a plastic recycler. This idea is explained quite well in an article recently published on the website

Recycling Today by author DeAnne Toto.

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 5

Section 2: Company Competitive Position

There are different ways in which Plastics Revolutions has intensively changed the

competitive environment on this industry. The economic benefits is perhaps the most directly-

influenced area for this purpose, since the recycled plastics they process can allow companies to

manufacture products on lower costs. This is one of the simplest ways in which Plastic

Revolutions has raised an important presence and competitive position on the industry.

There is also a highly relevant political impact made by this company, since it has

become a global trend to start promoting the use of recycled plastics for manufacturing, making

different industries more sustainable. This political aspect of their work is a remarkable

advantage for competition, due to the strong link between politics and the economy; the

recycling process on the industry is gradually receiving more support and promotion from

different governments around the world and that leaves a strong area for growth of these types of

companies.

Alongside those fields, there is an important cultural impact of this Plastics Revolutions

due to the fact that they are promoting the use of recycled plastics and are gradually changing the

ideas that people and companies have towards this type of process. This cultural impact leads to

greater sales and higher marketing presence, which gives the company an important standing

towards competitive strategies.

Even though Plastic Revolutions has an important competitive position towards other

companies that work with plastics and specifically with other recycling companies, there is a

need to constantly work on competitive strategies that allows them not only to maintain their

presence but also increase the ways in which they can impact the industry in order to have an

even better competitive position on the field.

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 6

Section 3: Market Success Criteria

When considering the market success criteria that were most critical to Plastic

Revolutions, we narrowed our focus to the two driving forces of demand of recycled plastics that

we saw repeatedly in our research, and then applied those forces to the relevant market

characteristics included in the guidelines for the report.

The first thing we saw in our research that was needed to drive demand of recycled

plastics was the presence of governmental guidelines and laws associated with holding

corporations to a higher level of environmental viability in their production processes. Since

plastic is so commonly used as a raw material in the production of nearly every kind of good, it

is often the focus of these respective governments to push for the use of recycled materials,

hence creating a natural demand for the product of a company like Plastic Revolutions. This

would fall into the category of the political and legal environment of a potential new market. In

addition, we saw that in countries like Germany and the United States that had a political and

legal landscape that mandated more environmentally friendly business practices, a cultural

environment often accompanied these laws and regulations, in which consumers begin to make

decisions about the purchase of goods that were made by companies with greener manufacturing

processes, further creating the demand for recycled materials as companies try to appeal to

consumers with a greener state of mind.

Moving on, the second driving force we saw in creating demand for recycled plastics was

simply put, the presence of competitive industries in which corporations are merely looking for a

way to decrease the cost of their inputs, which would also create a natural demand for recycled

plastics since they are commonly available for less money than virgin plastics, despite near

identical functionality. While this parameter certainly falls under the market characteristic of the
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 7

economic environment, we feel that when analyzing a potential new market for the presence of

this driving force, it isn't necessary for an entire country to be economically competitive for

Plastic Revolutions to be successful. Rather, it is possible that the economic landscape could be

attractive to Plastic Revolutions if there are competitive industries present that use recycled

plastics, even if the economic landscape of the country as a whole is not particularly attractive.

The other market characteristic that our group sees as a key consideration for Plastic

Revolutions is the physical geographic location of the potential new market. Since Plastic

Revolutions often relies on the shipment of their recycled HDPE to their customers, the location

needs to have adequate access to shipping routes and highways. If the market expansion does not

constitute a physical direct investment into that market, than it is critical for our company to

consider the shipping costs and logistic implications of getting their product to that market, and if

it can be done in a reliable and profitable manner.

The final consideration that our group made when analyzing potential markets also falls

into the cultural environment characteristic, however not at all in regard to a particular market's

tendency to use recycled plastics. Rather, we considered the cultural distance of the market when

compared to Plastic Revolutions, using the CAGE distance model to determine whether or not

the distance was too great to reasonably assume a chance of success in that market.

Section 4: Market Selection and Analysis

When our group began to analyze which new markets would be attractive for Plastic

Revolutions to expand into, there were a few initial criteria that we immediately considered. As

most companies initially do, we looked for areas of the world with a natural demand for recycled

plastics, whether as a result of the existing industries there that relied on plastics in general, or if
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 8

the recyclables were more so a result of regulation and government programs that hold all

companies to a stricter standard to reduce their carbon footprint.

After setting out this broad net, we quickly began to hone in on some early contenders,

mainly China, Mexico, Germany and Canada. The draw to China is in many ways an obvious

choice considering the amount of manufacturing that takes place there and the massive

population that should hypothetically consume a lot of plastic, thus creating scrap that needs to

be recycled in the first place. However, there are a few roadblocks and characteristics of the

Chinese market that made us hesitant to hone our efforts on an expansion there. To begin, as

should hopefully be apparent from other sections of this report, there are two real driving forces

in the world that create a demand for recycled plastics. The first, is regulation and law making by

many of the developed world's governments to hold corporations responsible for the carbon

footprint they leave behind in their production processes, and in many cases, there are clear

mandates for these companies to reduce their carbon and environmental footprints or else face

fines and other punishments. The second driving force is the overall increase in the

competitiveness of essentially every sector of the economy, which ultimately forces companies

to find ways to cut costs and make their manufacturing process more efficient. Since high-

density polyethylene is quite close in quality to virgin plastics yet available for a considerably

lower price, it becomes obvious why a company may choose to buy recycled HDPE from Plastic

Revolutions. Unfortunately, China in many ways lacks both of these two driving forces. There

are not clearly defined or enforced regulations for companies in regard to their handling or

production of waste and while competition may be present in China's economy, the government

has a substantial influence on many aspects of business with their willingness to subsidize

companies and dictate financial flows. What's more when considering some of the popular
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions 9

frameworks for assessing cultural differences between two countries, or in this case, country and

company, our group found that a CAGE analysis yielded blatantly unfavorable results for Plastic

Revolutions.

For those that are unfamiliar with the recycling of plastics or recycling in general, the

inclusion of Germany on our short list may seem like a bit of an oddball. However, after doing a

little digging, it becomes clear that Germany as a nation has favorable attitudes about the practice

of recycling, and is one of the leading recyclers in all of Europe. Jared Paben wrote an article that

was published on the website called ResourceRecyling.com titled, "Germany's Recycling Rate

Continues to Lead Europe." The article focuses on Germany's prowess in recycling infrastructure

and technologies and Paben goes on to write, "Germany continues to post the highest recycling

rate in Europe, and a few other countries experienced surges in their rates. Data released by

European Union (EU) agency Eurostat showed Germany notched a 66.1 percent recycling rate in

2015, up from 65.6 percent the year before." If we continue to analyze Germany in light of the

two driving forces of demand for recycled plastics, it still appears that Germany could be a

viable option. With that being said, an expansion into Germany would most certainly require

establishing a physical presence in the country, as the freight costs associated with shipping

recycled HDPE would nullify any opportunity to generate a profit for Plastic Revolutions.

Moving on, the two other countries listed previously in this section, Canada and Mexico,

share an obvious connection not only to each other but also to the United States, which is that

they are all a part of the North American continent and that they are all a part of the North

American Free Trade Agreement. While there has been speculation since the most recent

election cycle in the United States as to the future of NAFTA, we find it difficult to truly

envision a situation in which a reversionary policy is put in place and tariffs are re-introduced to
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
10

the trading relationships between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Of the countries that made our

shortlist, we feel that Canada has the least amount of cultural differences and that increasing a

trading presence with companies in the country would be as seamless as any other trading

relationship elsewhere.

At this point, we hope it is clear to readers of this report our rational in analyzing the

countries that we did as potential destinations of expansion for Plastic Revolutions. When

considering the driving forces noted above, we ultimately felt that Mexico is the most promising

new market for Plastic Revolutions to focus its efforts on. When reading through the background

information provided for this project about Plastic Revolutions, we learned that one of the

industries that the company sells its recycled HDPE to is the automobile industry, which uses the

plastic for sound deadening and other uses on the undercarriage of the car or as a liner in the

wheel wells. That is of particular relevance when considering the presence of many of the largest

carmakers in the world in Mexico.

In fact, we found an article published by CNBC titled "It's small cars, not auto jobs,

making the big U.S. move to Mexico." Journalist Tim Mullaney wrote the article, and the focus

was technically to debunk the idea that U.S. specific automakers were leaving the United States

to set up factories in Mexico. With that being said, the article describes the recent investment

flows for the automotive industry in Mexico. Mullaney writes, "For a candidate who argues that

free trade has led to the hollowing-out of U.S. manufacturing, the most ironic cut may be that car

companies are building in Mexico rather than the United States, largely because it has freer trade

than the United States with the rest of the world...Automakers from outside North America have

invested $13.3 billion in Mexico since 2010, more than half of the $24 billion invested in total,

according to the Center for Automotive Research."

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
11

It is important to recognize that Mexico in large part does not yet contain the institutional

or governmental systems necessary to facilitate a widespread plastic recycling industry. With

that being said, we feel that Plastic Revolutions would be well served to invest directly in

Mexico with strategic partnerships or joint ventures with the car manufactures that have

committed to investing billions of dollars in the region. The car industry is one of the most

efficient at cutting costs, and is simultaneously under the gun to reduce their carbon footprint,

not just by government leaders, but also by consumers. The combination of all of these things

leads us to the conclusion that Mexico is the most opportunistic area for Plastic Revolutions to

expand their operations into.

Section 5: Logistics

Plastic Revolutions has three options in shipping goods or receiving recycled materials

within the North American region. The first option is the use of trucks to transport goods and

materials to and from manufacturing plant. Trucks offer great mobility for transporting goods,

with the ability to pick up or drop off freight in any location. Trucks can easily transport goods

across borders of Canada, United States and Mexico. Plastic Revolutions does not need to invest

in purchasing trucks, the transportation of goods can easily be contracted out to third party truck

carrier companies. The biggest drawback of using trucks to transport freight would be its costs,

carriers usually charge by the mile, which can make long distance transportations very costly.

The second option to transporting goods and raw materials would involve the use of trains.

Products or recycled scrap materials can easily be shipped in 40 feet shipping containers between

train hubs. Trains can transport freight within the United States, as well as to and from Canada

and Mexico for lower costs compared to using trucks. The biggest drawback of using trains to
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
12

transport freight is its inability to reach any location in North America, transportation is limited

with the locations of train hubs.

The third option to shipping freight within North American continent is through intermodal

transportation. Intermodal transportation is the process of shipping freight in containers with a

combination of trucks and trains. Freight can be picked up or dropped off at any location by

trucks, to and from train hubs. Trains are then used to transport the containers over long

distances. The whole process can be contracted out to intermodal transportation companies.

Which would be the best option for Plastic Revolutions, since it offers the most cost effective

and efficient way of transporting finished goods or recycled scrap to and from the manufacturing

plant.

Trade Regulations

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a trade agreement that defines

all aspects of trade within the North American continent. The agreement was made on January 1,

1994, by the United States, Canada, and Mexico, to lift barriers of trade. NAFTA promotes free

trade within North America by eliminating almost all tariffs and non-tariff barriers on all goods

and supplies crossing the borders of the three nations. As a result of NAFTA, Plastic Revolutions

can easily send finished goods or receive recycled scrap materials, to and from Canada and

Mexico, without having to pay tariffs.

Section 6: Pricing

How are prices determined for Recycled Plastic?

Most people don’t realize that Plastic scrap is a very high value item. Though plastic scrap

prices usually correlate with oil prices and its derivatives, they may not always be closely
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
13

related, when oil prices go up it is not necessary that there is a corresponding price increase in all

resin prices. Some other factors that may contribute to the change in plastic scrap prices include

over-all economic conditions, the accessibility to industrial scrap and wide-spec material,

production capacity of recycled resin in relation to the demand and availability of substitute

materials. Supply and demand are the biggest influencers in determining recycled plastic prices,

not oil prices as is the general misconception. But oil prices still have a significant impact. As oil

prices have plummeted since in the past few years, one segment of the economy has taken a huge

hit which is the market for recycled plastic.

To elaborate, Plastics are made from petroleum and as the oil prices keep dropping, the cost

of making new plastic bottles and other products also declines as a result.

In fact, most sources reported that the production of new plastic is now less expensive as

compared to the whole process of recycling plastic, this is because the extensive cleaning and

preparing of used plastics requires a lot of water, energy, and effort.

The global oil prices will not stay low forever if the price tag on petroleum products are allowed

to adjust to reflect the actual costs and this may lead to higher prices, assuming that no heavy

government subsidies are given.

Current Pricing trends in the Global Plastic Recycling market.

In February, the prices for most major commodity resins spiked in North America, as limited

supplies and higher costs of feedstock gave leverage to suppliers to increase prices.

Markets of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, solid polystyrene, and PET bottle resin have been

hit by these price hikes.

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
14

These changes are shown on the resin pricing chart given below sourced from Plastic News;
(ESPOSITO, 2017)

In February, the prices for all grades of PE increased 5 cents per pound and this particular

increase is being viewed by experts as a rebound from the drop in prices since the end of last

year that is 2016.

In January PE prices in North America and surrounding regions were low but an increase

was expected in February prices because of higher ethylene feedstock prices. Evidence of this is

the fall in PE prices of an average of 2 cents per pound back in December, but then the upward

movement of a net of 4 cents in 2016

"January [PE] demand sounds like it was very strong, even though there wasn't much export

activity," said David Barry, a market analyst with the PetroChem Wire consulting firm in

Houston. "And February started with a lot of spot [sales] activity, although that slowed down

later in the month." (ESPOSITO, 2017)

The PP prices in North America increased by 6.5 cents after an increase for polymer-grade

propylene feedstock back in February and this is not the first price increase, PP resin prices

jumped by 10-cent in January too, which is considered a significant increase.

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
15

All these increases have balanced out the 11.5 cents dip in prices in the last quarter of 2016.

Propylene is still in short supply so more price hikes can be expected.

The first market movement for PVC since November came in February in North America in

the form of a 4-cent price hike. This price hike was more or less expected based on the

movements of ethylene prices, which were also the reason behind the rise in PE prices. October

2016 did bring an increase of 2-cent for producers but this was nullified in November due to the

fall in prices.

The demand for PET in the bottled water industry is steadily rising and has managed to

leave the carbonated soft drinks’ segment in the US behind. PET prices increased by 1.5 cent in

February, the increase can be attributed to high feedstock prices including prices of paraxylene

and purified terephthalic acid. for six consecutive months PET bottle resin prices have steadily

increased.

Plastic Revolution’s main focus is on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) segment and

their operations involve getting HDPE by processing post-consumer and post-industrial waste

plastic taken from landfills. The company is capable of processing clean high quality high

molecular weight HDPE which is of far superior quality as compared to others available in the

market offered by other companies.

The focus on high quality and an ISO 9001 Registration earned back in 2008 helps the

company define its target market and design an appropriate pricing strategy for this target

market, high-end users who are more quality centric willing to pay for good quality.(Toto, 2017)
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
16

CANADA

Synthetic resin serves as the most important contributor to the plastics processing industry.

30 to 50 percent in the final value of a plastic product is the resin cost. Multinational resin

organizations have vertically integrated downstream towards plastics processing which enables

them to indirectly export their resin in product form to receive favorable tariffs.

The plastics industry is strongly impacted by any fluctuations in the prices of resin. When

prices rise, the plastics processors fail to pass the increase in prices to the other party instantly

putting pressure on margins. In periods of declining resin prices the affect is minimized. The

resin industry in Canada Is more cyclical as compared to the plastic industry.

Annual Price Changes (percentages) (Canada, n.d.)

MEXICO

Serious challenges faced by Mexican manufacturers include low profitability, unfavorable

dollar exchange rate and buyer cost-cutting measures. In the supply chain the lowest margins are

of plastic manufacturers and they actively seek to improve productivity to getter better margins.
 Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
17

Section 7: Promotion and Marketing

Promotion and marketing are key factors to consider for PRI to address to try and promote

their products to foreign customers that could already have loyalty to other competitors. To

ensure PRI would receive the most positive feedback, creative, inexpensive, and effective

strategies must be used to help create attention for future customers.

7.1 Advertisement and Promotion

HDPE as has been discussed throughout this project as a semi-commodity which is not

bought by the final consumer. HDPE is not bought in its raw form at supermarkets or stores, it is

sold directly to industries which manipulate it into packaging, car component, or other items,

such as disposable cups, which can then be found in supermarkets and store. Also the fact that

there is a set price for HDPE based on group of purity and type due to lack of differentiation in

between makes promoting PRI’s product by no means easy.

The best way we imagine this can be done is make publicity in plastic industry trade fairs.

We would highly recommend participating in this fair and publicizing about PRI there. Another

strategy for promoting PRI product would be contacting Canada and Mexico industries leaders

and inviting them to trips to visit PRI plant or even a social events to mark PRI’s entrance in the

market and ferment closer relationship with canada and mexico industries. We suggest allocating

between 6 to 12 percent of the gross revenues or the projected revenue.

There are many ways and tools to do marketing, here we are going to show you 5 form of

getting known by the others.

1. Branding : Branding is a powerful and sustainable high-level marketing strategy used to create or

influence a brand. It is used to generate a perception of, and thus a response in relation to, a
 Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
18

product or company. The power of a brand can positively influence buying decision by creating

an affinity or emotional connection with the consumer, providing justification for paying a

premium price for a service or product, creating loyalty to the product or organisation and

demonstrating the quality and benefits of a service or product and the company behind it. This

type of form, consist in having an agency that creates your entire brand book, such as your logo,

design, illustration such as images and package of the product. This can cost between $3,000 to

$12,000 dollars, and it depends on the things you ask for. Branding is the one tools to do a

marketing and branding is very important for a company in promoting and market their product

throughout the world.

2. Advertising : Advertising is a means of communication with the users of a product or service.

Advertisement are messages paid for by those who send them and are intended to inform or

influence people who receive them. Advertising can influence buying decision by provide a

knowledge to the customer about the product, provide consumers about the functional aspects of

the product or service and advertising influences the consumer to purchase product and service.

Normal advertising such as printing papers, billboards and word of mouth, will cost between

$500 to $1,500 dollars. And great advertising with full social media, outdoor, print,digital,will

cost you at least $3,000.

3. Event : very useful to get known easily and faster by the people, but events can attract certain

people, not all the population such as a social media will do, but events can help you to meet

with the final consumer, with potential buyers and also known who are your competence and

rivals in the industry. Events is an easy way to get known and known each other, but is the cost

expensive tool. It cost starts from $5,000 dollars for a small event and can go to millions

depending on the magnitude of the event.

 Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
19

4. Social Media : can be the most important advertising and marketing for companies. Every single

person has a social media app or page, where are seeing all information daily and quicker. A

good social media advertisement, having a platform will cost you between $1,500 and $2,500.

And a great social media, which means more than one platform, more software and real time

interactions and PR integration, will cost more than $4,000 dollars.

5. Website : website are very famous and almost all people looking for something goes to search in

internet. Having a website can have or not a cost. There are free pages you can create, such as

Wix or Wordpress, or having an account with GoDaddy can cost you $30 dollars or less with a

domain for a year or more. PRI needs to know that every well elaborated and with a lot of

advertisement website is expensive, but it will differentiate from the competence, the other

companies.

At the end, our budget would be kind of $20,030 dollars minimum for marketing, and

annually would be more or less $280,000 Dollars. We arrive at this budget point considering the

marketing costs in Canada and Mexico comparing to a normal budget for every large or big

company in the market. With this budget you will be able to reach new companies, new buyers

and to establish alliances with other potential companies of the market. All budgets can be

modified, but the we got for PRI is a normal budget that will guarantee PRI to be recognized by

others. Of course the budget can be bigger if the company wants make better advertisement and

improve relations. This is why we suggest to deliver a 12 percent of the annual revenues to the

marketing budget so advertising and marketing can be well done.

Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
20

Works Cited

Gelles, D. (2015, November 28). Big Companies Put Their Money Where the Trash Is. Retrieved

April 12, 2017, from

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/29/business/energy-environment/big-companies-put-t

heir-money-where-the-trash-is.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FRecycling of

WasteMaterials&action=click&contentCollection=science®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&

version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=collection&_r=0

Marketing and Promotion strategies for Plastic Revolution. Retrieved April 22 from

http://www.luminosity.com.au/what-we-do/brand/branding-explained/

https://www.coursehero.com/file/17443280/Marketing-And-Promotiondocx/

http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/5-ways-brands-can-influence-consumer-purchasing-

decisions/

Mullaney, T. (2016, October 19). The big free trade deal moving auto jobs to Mexico isn't

NAFTA. Retrieved April 16, 2017, from

http://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/19/small-cars-not-us-manufacturing-jobs-are-moving-to-

Mexico.html

Paben, J. (2017, February 07). Germany's recycling rate continues to lead Europe. Retrieved

April 14, 2017, from https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2017/02/07/germanys-recycling-

rate-continues-lead-europe/

Toto, D. (2017, March 13). Plastics Recycling 2017: Looking for direction. Retrieved April 14,

2017, from http://www.recyclingtoday.com/article/plastics-recycling-2017-virgin-recycled-

markets/
Team 460 Plastic Revolutions
21