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BTS measure average (BMA)

With this parameter you define how many SACCH multiframes are used in
measurement averaging in the BTS. The BTS calculates averages of the
measurements performed by the BTS and the MS. The BTS is able to calculate the
average on 2, 3, or 4 SACCH multiframes. Value 1 denies averaging.

This feature reduces the BSC signaling and processing load...... and BMA parameter
range is from 1 to 4 (1 means BTS pre-processing is not active).

BS TX pwr max (PMAX1)

The maximum transmission power of the BTS is controlled by the parameter BS


TX pwr max (PMAX1). The parameter BS TX pwr min (PMIN) indicates the
minimum transmission power of the BTS. The range of the BTS transmission
power is from 30 dB to 0 dB of attenuation from the maximum peak power of the
base station transmitter. The parameter power ctrl enabled (PENA)
indicates whether the BTS power control is enabled. The power control is enabled
when the value is 'yes'. When the power control is enabled, it concerns every
transceiver of the BTS with the exception of the broadcast control channel
(BCCH) transceiver which always transmits with the maximum power level
(parameter BS TX pwr max (PMAX1)).

Cell reselect hysteresis (HYS)

Cell reselection Criteria :


The mobile will reselect and camp on another cell if any of the following criteria is
satisfied:

1. The serving cell is barred.


2. C1 value in the current cell is below 0 for 5 seconds which indicates that the path
loss is high and the mobile needs to change cell.
3. The Mobile has unsuccessfully tried to access the network as defined by the
MAXRET parameter or MaxNumberRetransmissions.
MAXRET is the maximum number of retransmission a mobile can do when it is accessing
the system It is defined per cell.
Assuming that one of the criteria above was satisfied then the mobile will select a cell with
a better C1. However if the cell belongs to a different location area then the C1 for that cell
has to exceed a reselection hysterisis parameter called CRH or CellReselectHyseteris for
the reselection to happen !!

If the mobile is moving in a border area between location areas, it might repeatedly
change between location areas. Each change requires location updating and cause heavy
signaling load and risk paging message being lost. To prevent this, a cell reselect
hysteresis parameter CRH is used.

The cell in a different location area will only be selected if the C1 of that cell is higher than
the C1 of the current serving cell by the value of the Reselect Hysteresis. Since the Value
of CRH may be different for each cell, the CRH used for comparison will be the one
broadcast by the serving cell.

If the value is set very low then the mobile will Ping-Pong between location areas which
will increase signaling load. If the value is set very high the mobile may camp in the wrong
cell too long.

Rxlev access min (RXP)

With this parameter you define the minimum power level an MS has to receive before it
is allowed to access the cell.

This is min RX level received by MS to access the cell. It is very important to set optimum
value of this parameter to optimize the network. Lets see how to Set the same.
Optimized value of this parameter leads to improve all KPI’s. The BTS sensitivity is
around -110 dbm higher than MS sensitivity around -102 dbm. Now If you set this value
very low around -110 dbm than MS in very poor coverage area will be able to access the
cell. So when MS will make an MOC then there is possibility of not getting response from
BTS or MS may lost out of coverage when BTS will send immediate assignment. So this
will directly affect SDCCH drop and TASR(tch assignment success rate). (Learn more
about how to improve SDCCH drop)

If anyhow MS is allocated TCH then there are chances that it may drop due to very poor
quality/level or HO will get fail because of poor coverage. (How to improve HO fail issue)
Now lets assume RXP is set high value around -90 dbm. This will lead to drop in TCH
traffic as MS will not able to access the cell in area where RxLev is below -90.
So logically coverage area will shrink and traffic will reduce.
So it is very important to set proper value of RXP based on individual network scenario
by trial and error method. Recommended value is -102dbm.

non BCCH layer exit threshold (LER)

For TCH reselection between segments responsible HOC parameters LAR(NON BCCH
LAYER ACCESS THRESHOLD) ,LER (NON BCCH LAYER EXIT THRESHOLD), and
BTS parameter NBL (NON BCCH LAYER OFFSET). Usually LAR=-85, LER=-95,
NBL=5,7. Also parameter NBL must be set only for non-BCCH segment layer, because in
other case you will have 99% RACH reject on cell. For GPRS reselection between segments
on Common BCCH need tune GPU & GPL parameters.

This is HOC level parameter defined for the SEG.


With this parameter you define a threshold value for the estimated downlink signal level
on non-BCCH layer for a moving MS from BCCH layer to non-BCCH layer.
The exception is when the BCCH has been configured to GSM 1900 band in
GSM800/GSM1900 Common BCCH cell. In that case you define a threshold value for the
downlink signal level on GSM 1900 layer for allowing access to GSM 1900 BCCH layer.

For example if you have set LAR to -90dBm and if MS is moving from 900 band to 1800
band then when DL Rx level will reach -90dBm HO will occur from 900 band to 1800
band.
Range:- -110...-47 dBm

LER (rxLevel) - non BCCH layer exit threshold

This is HOC level parameter defined for the SEG.


With this parameter you define a threshold value for the measured downlink signal level
on non-BCCH layer for a moving MS from non-BCCH layer to BCCH layer.
The exception is when the BCCH has been configured to GSM1900 band in
GSM800/GSM1900 Common BCCH cell. In that case you define a threshold value for the
measured downlink signal level on GSM 1900 layer for a moving MS from GSM 1900
BCCH layer to GSM 800 layer.

For example if you have set LER to -95 dBm and if MS is moving from 1800 band to 900
band then when DL rx level will reach -95 dBm HO will occur from 1800 band to 900
band.
Range:- -110...-47 dBm

LSEG (btsLoadInSeg) - BTS load in SEG (LSEG)

With this parameter you determine the load limit for a BTS. It is used in controlling the
load distribution between BTSs in a segment.You can control the distribution of traffic
between 900 and 1800 bands by setting of this parameter.

For example if you have set 70% for 900 band BTS then new call wont be assign to 1800
band untill 900 band BTS reaches to 70% load.
Range:-0...100 % Default:- 70%

Note:- This parameter also set thresold for HO occur between 900 and 1800 band due to
Load.
For example if you have set 70% for 900 BCCH band then when load (L) of the 900 band
BTS reach to (100+LSEG)/2 (i.e.85%) HO will be triggered from 900 to 1800 band.
non BCCH layer offset (NBL)

NBL exists for both 900 and 1800 band. It can reduce the signal level
artificially which leads to the push of the traffic between two bands.
BCCH in the Cositing Scenario
For BTSplus cositing with Flexi BTS, MultiBCF Control and Common BCCH features are
required. In common BCCH in cositing BTSplus with Flexi BTS segment (cell) contains at least
2 BTSs (1 BTS with BTSplus, and 1 BTS with Flexi, with the BCCH on either).
Call Setup

 MS indicates its capabilities while on SDCCH


 BSC finds out if non BCCH frequency band resources could be included in channel
allocation for the terminal
 MS reports the downlink signal level on SDCCH
 BSC finds out if radio conditions are good enough for the MS to use non BCCH
frequency resources of the segment with the criterion: RXLEV_DL –
NonBcchLayerOffset >= NonBCCHLayerAccessThreshold where: RXLEV_DL is last
received signal strength on the serving channel
 with the decisions above the BSC determines the applicable frequency bands of a
segment for an MS during call setup when the MS moves from SDCCH to TCH.

Intercell HO
In BSC internal handovers between separate cells the usability of BCCH frequency band
resources in a target cell is defined using the BTS specific offset parameter and a neighbor
parameter defined for the target cell:
AV_RXLEVNCELL (n) >= rxLevMinCell (n)
In BSC internal handovers between separate cells the usability of non BCCH frequency band
resources in a target cell is defined using the BTS specific offset parameter and a new threshold
parameter defined for the target cell:
AV_RXLEVNCELL (n) – NonBcchLayerOffset (n) >= NonBCCHLayerAccessThreshold
(n)
This applies to both SDCCH and TCH allocation cases.
External HO
In case of handover to a segment of another BSC, the non-BCCH layer of the segment is usable
if it is at least as strong as the BCCH layer.The nonBCCHLayerOffset(n) on the target non-
BCCH BTS must be equal to zero or less than zero for the BTS to be used for incoming
handover.
This applies to both TCH and SDCCH cases.
Intracell HO
When the call is allocated on a non-BCCH frequency band, the usability of different types of
resources is defined based on the averaged BCCH measurement results. The following formulas
are used:
AV_BCCH_RXLEV_DL – NonBcchLayerOffset >= rxLevAccessMin
AV_BCCH_RXLEV_DL – NonBcchLayerOffset >= NonBCCHLayerAccessThreshold
The first formula is used to evaluate the usability of BCCH frequency resources of the segment.
The second formula is used to evaluate the usability of non-BCCH frequency resources of the
segment.
Intracell HO from non BCCH layer
BSC initiates an intra cell handover from a non BCCH layer to BCCH layer when the averaged
downlink signal level on serving channel decreases below the threshold defined by parameter
NonBcchLayerExitThreshold (LER, Nx, Px).This decreases the number of inter cell handovers
from non BCCH layer.
Handover is applicable in cells where BCCH layer has more coverage than non BCCH layer.The
BSC uses general PC and HO Algorithm functions to trigger the handover. If intra cell handover
fails then inter cell handover can be triggered.
Intracell HO for Load Balancing
The BSC initiates an intra cell handover when TCH load in a BTS of the segment reaches a level
defined with the BTS level parameter BTSLoadInSEG.Triggering level = BTSLoadInSEG
+((100 - BTSLoadInSEG )/2)The BSC checks the load of the BTSs every time it receives a TCH
request for the segment.The BSC accepts as target only those segment's BTSs

 whose load is below the respective BTSLoadInSEG value


 in which the radio conditions are good enough
 which are not the same resource type as the source BTS and the BCCH BTS

The handover is primarily used to move TCH load from the BCCH resource type but handovers
can also be made between other resource types

lower limit for FR TCH resources (FRL)


With this parameter you define the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be
available for traffic channel allocation. Full rate TCHs are allocated until the number of
free full rate resources is reduced below the threshold given in the parameter. The half
rate resources are then allocated.
A full rate channel will be allocated if

- the previous channel is a full rate channel,

- there is more than one idle channel available, and

- the total result of the number of idle channels * 100 is greater than total result of the
value of this parameter * number of channels in working state. Otherwise, a half rate
channel will be allocated.

upper limit for FR TCH resources (FRU)

With this parameter you define the percentage of full rate TCH resources that must be
available for traffic channel allocation. Full rate TCHs are again allocated when the
number of the free full rate resources increases above the threshold given by the
parameter.

Note:

When the actual threshold is calculated based on the percentage value, it is always
rounded up. E.g. a value of 8% out of 28 full rate TCHs would be 2.24 TCHs. In this case,
the actual threshold will be 3 TCHs and a half rate TCH will be allocated if two or fewer
full rate TCHs are available.

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