Process

Piping
Source: Piping Component G_FORDHAM
Essential
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Process Industries

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In any plant various fluids flow through pipes
from one end to other.
Now let us start with a plant where we see
three tanks.
Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3
We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 &
2 to the tank-3.
We will need to connect pipes to transfer the
fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3
LET US BRING THE PIPES.

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To solve these We have just brought the pipes, now we need to
problems we need solve some more problems.
the piping
Pipes are all straight pieces.
components, which
are called
PIPE FITTINGS

We need some
branch
connections

We need some bend

connections
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 Piping components
▪ Mechanical elements
suitable for joining or
assembly into pressure-
tight fluid-containing
piping systems.

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 Piping components
▪ Pipe ▪ Expansion joints
▪ Tubing ▪ Flexible joints
▪ Fittings ▪ Pressure hoses
▪ Flanges ▪ Steam traps
▪ Gaskets ▪ Strainers
▪ Bolting ▪ In-line portions
▪ Valves ▪ Separators Copyright - hardhatengineer.com
Pipe Fittings

We need some
branch
connections

We need some bend

connections
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 These are the pipe fittings,
There are various types of fittings for various
purposes, some common types are -
Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches, Reducers/Expanders,
Couplings, Olets, etc.

Anyway, the pipes and fittings are in

place, but the ends are yet to be
joined with the Tank nozzles.

We now have to complete the

end connections.
These, in piping term, we call
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS. Copyright - hardhatengineer.com
These are flanged joints

This is a welded joint

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 What is Piping?
▪ Assembly of piping components used to
▪ Convey
▪ Distribute
▪ Mix
▪ Separate
▪ Discharge
▪ Meter
▪ Control
▪ Stop fluid flows
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10
 But there is no control over the flow from Tank-1
to other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the flow if
needed

To control the flow in a

pipe line we need to fit a
special component.
That is called - VALVE
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 There are many types of valves, categorized
based on their construction and functionality,
Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, Butterfly, etc.

Other than valves another

important line component
of pipe line is a filter, which
cleans out derbies from the
flowing fluid. This is called
a STRAINER
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 Let us now investigate some aspects of pipe
flexibility.

If this tank nozzle

expands, when the
tank is hot.

In such case, we need to fit a flexible

pipe component at that location,
which is called an EXPANSION JOINT Copyright - hardhatengineer.com
 When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may
also like to know the parameters like, pressure,
temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid.

To know this information

we need to install
INSTRUMENTS in the
pipeline. Copyright - hardhatengineer.com
Next, we shall look There are various types instruments to measure
into how to various parameters. Also, there are specific criteria for
SUPPORT the installation of various pipe line instruments.
pipe/and it’s
components.

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Here are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.
There can be numerous variants. All depend on Copyright - hardhatengineer.com

piping designer’s preference and judgement.

 What is Process Piping?
▪ Piping under the purview of
ASME Code - B31.3 is Process
Piping
▪ Process Piping Systems are
designed as per the
requirements stated in ASME
B31.3

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 Section Summary
▪ Piping components
▪ Piping and Piping System
▪ What is Process Piping?

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 In Next Section

Different types of Piping

Components

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