Reinforced Concrete Building Structures: Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)

Reinforced Concrete Building Structures
Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
LB3 Civil Engineering ITS
Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya
Last Edited Sept-2017
(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 1 / 75

Objectives:
Upon completion this section, student be able to:

1 Establish gravity and seismic loads on structures
2 Establish Modeling Parameters
3 Calculate drift
4 Calculate longitudinal and transversal reinforcements.
5 Apply detailing standards for beam, column, and BC joint.

Introduction
The following discussion will design of 6 floors rectangular building

(not irregular), student advice to use their own calculation for all
loadings, in this example simplification is made do to clarify the
calculation procedure.

Building Description
1 6 Stories above grade.

2 No Significant Configuration Irregularities.
3 Special Concrete Moment Resisting Frame.
4 Intended use for exhibitions, as an art gallery or show room, etc.so
that there are no walls inside the building. Only external walls 230
mm thick with 12 mm plaster on both sides are considered.
5 The example building consists of the main block and a service
block connected by expansion joint and is therefore structurally
separated.
6 Situated on Site Class D Soils.

General lay-out of the Building.

General lay-out of the Building.

Design Data
Live load : 4.0 kN/m2 at typical floor

: 1.5 kN/m2 on terrace
Floor finish : 1.0 kN/m2
Water proofing : 2.0 kN/m2
Terrace finish : 1.0 kN/m2
Location : Surabaya
Wind load : not considered
Earthquake load : SNI 1726-2012
Depth of found. below ground : 2.5 m
Type of soil : SD
Allowable bearing pressure : 200 kN/m2
Storey height : Typical floor: 5 m, GF: 3.4 m
Ground beams : To be provided at 100 mm below G.L.
Plinth level : 0.6 m
Walls : 230 mm thick brick masonry walls
only at periphery.
Column numbering
In the general floor-plan, the columns from C1 to C16 are numbered in

a convenient way from left to right and from upper to the lower part of
the plan. Column C5 is known as column C5 from top of the footing to
the terrace level. However, to differentiate the column lengths in
different stories, the column lengths are known as 105, 205, 305, 405,
505, 605 and 705. The first digit indicates the storey number while the
last two digits indicate column number. Thus, column length 605
means column length in sixth storey for column numbered C5 . The
columns may also be specified by using grid lines.

Floor beams (Secondary beams)
All floor beams that are capable of free rotation at supports are
designated as FB in floor-plan. The reactions of the floor beams are
calculated manually, which act as point loads on the main beams.
Thus, the floor beams are not considered as the part of the frame
modelling.

Main beams numbering
Beams, which are passing through columns, are termed as main beams
and these together with the columns form the space frame. The
general layout of floor-plan numbers the main beams as beam B1 to B12
in a convenient way from left to right and from upper to the lower part
of the plan. Giving 90◦ clockwise rotation to the plan similarly marks
the beams in the perpendicular direction. To floor-wise differentiate
beams similar in plan (say beam B5 connecting columns C6 and C7 ) in
various floors, beams are numbered as 1005, 2005, 3005, and so on. The
first digit indicates the storey top of the beam grid and the last three
digits indicate the beam number as shown in general layout of
floor-plan. Thus, beam 4007 is the beam located at the top of 4th storey
whose number is B7 as per the general layout.

Gravity Load Calculation
Beam Column Load

Item dimension (mm) A (m2 ) I (m4 ) Weight (kN/m)
Column 500x500 0.25 0.0052 6.25
Column 600x600 0.36 0.0108 9.00
Main Beam 300x600 0.18 0.0054 4.50
Ground Beam 300x600 0.18 0.0054 4.50
Secondary Beam 200x500 0.10 0.0021 2.50
Wall Load
Brick wall (230 mm thick)= 0.23 x 19 (wall) +2 x 0.012 x 20 (plaster) = 4.9 kN/m2
Floor wall 4.4 m height = 21.56 kN/m
Ground floor wall 3.5 m height = 17.15 kN/m
Ground floor wall 0.7 m height = 34.30 kN/m
Terrace parapet 1.0 m height = 4.900 kN/m

Slab Load
Component Terrace (kN/m2) Typical (kN/m2)
DL + LL DL + LL
Self (100 mm thick) 2.5 + 0.0 2.5 + 0.0
Water proofing 2.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0
Floor finish 1.0 + 0.0 1.0 + 0.0
Live load 0.0 + 1.5 0.0 + 4.0
Total 5.5 + 1.5 3.5 + 4.0
Beam and frame load calculations:

(1) Terrace level:
From slab
2.5 x (5.5 + 1.5) = 13.8 + 3.8 kN/m
Self weight = 2.5 + 0 kN/m
Total = 16.3 + 3.8 kN/m
Reaction on main beam
0.5 x 7.5 x (16.3 + 3.8) = 61.1 + 14.3 kN. (DL+LL)
Note: Self-weights of main beams and columns will not be considered,

as the analysis software will directly add them. However, in
calculation of design earthquake loads, these will be considered in the
seismic weight.
Main beams B1–B2–B3 and B10–B11–B12
Component B1–B3 B2
DL + LL DL + LL
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5) 6.9 + 1.9 0.0 + 0.0
Parapet 4.9 + 0.0 4.9 + 0.0
Total 11.8 + 1.9 4.9 + 0.0
Two point loads on one-third span points for beams B2 and B11 of (61.1
+ 14.3) kN from the secondary beams.
Main beams B4–B5–B6, B7–B8–B9, B16–B17– B18 and B19–B20–B21
DL + LL
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5) 6.9 + 1.9
Total 11.8 + 1.9
Two point loads on one-third span points for all the main beams (61.1
+ 14.3) kN from the secondary beams.

Loading on frames (Frame A-A & B-B)

Loading on frames (Frame 1-1 & 2-2)

Seismic Weight Calculations
The seismic weights are calculated in a manner similar to gravity

loads. The weight of columns and walls in any storey shall be equally
distributed to the floors above and below the storey. Following
reduced live loads are used for analysis: Zero on terrace, and 50% on
other floors (SNI 1727-2013 art. 2.3.2)
Weight each storey :
(1) Storey 7 (Terrace): 5597 + 0.0 kN (DL + LL)
(2) Storey 6, 5, 4, 3 : 5368 + 1013 = 6381 kN
(3) Storey 2: 5125 + 1013 = 6138 kN
(4) Storey 1 (plinth): = 2027 kN
Seismic weight of the entire building :
W = 5597 + 4 x 6381 + 6138 + 2027
W = 39286 kN

Seismic Load Analysis: Basic Steps
1 Determine Occupancy Category (SNI Table-1, ASCE Table 1.5-1, )

2 Determine Ground Motion Parameters:
SS and S1 PU web Utility or from Maps
Fa and Fv (Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2)
SDS and SD1 (Eqns. 11.4-3 and 11.4-4)
3 Determine Importance Factor (Table 11.5-1)
4 Determine Seismic Design Category (Section 11.6)
5 Select Structural System (Table 12.2-1)
6 Establish Diaphragm Behavior (Section 11. 3.1)
7 Evaluate Configuration Irregularities (Section 12.3.2)
8 Determine Method of Analysis (Table 12.6-1)
9 Determine Scope of Analysis [2D, 3D] (Section 12.7.2)
10 Establish Modeling Parameters

Determine Occupancy Category
Occupancy Category = II
Ground Motion Parameters for Surabaya
SS = 0.679g
S1 = 0.268g

Determining Site Coefficients
Fa = 1.24, Fv = 1.81

Determining Design Spectral Accelerations
SDS = (2/3)Fa SS = (2/3) × 1.24 × 0.679 = 0.561g

SD1 = (2/3)Fv S1 = (2/3) × 1.81 × 0.268 = 0.323g

Determine Importance Factor,
Seismic Design Category
Seismic Design Category = D

Select Structural System
Select Special Steel Moment Frame: R = 8, Cd = 5.5, Ω0 = 3

Establish Diaphragm Behavior and Modeling
Requirements
12.3.1(SNI 7.3.1) Diaphragm Flexibility.
The structural analysis shall consider the relative stiffness of
diaphragms and the vertical elements of the seismic forceâĂŞresisting
system. Unless a diaphragm can be idealized as either flexible or rigid in
accordance with Sections 12.3.1.1(SNI 7.3.1.1), 12.3.1.2(SNI 7.3.1.2), or
12.3.1.3(SNI 7.3.1.3), the structural analysis shall explicitly include
consideration of the stiffness of the diaphragm (i.e., semi-rigid modeling
assumption).
12.3.1.2(SNI 7.3.1.2) Rigid Diaphragm Condition.
Diaphragms of concrete slabs or concrete filled metal deck with
span-to-depth ratios of 3 or less in structures that have no horizontal
irregularities are permitted to be idealized as rigid.
In case of horizontal irregularities (e.g. reentrant corners) the
diaphragms must be modeled as semi-rigid. This will be done by
using Shell elements in the SAP 2000 Analysis.
Determine Configuration Irregularities, Horizontal
Irregularities
No Horizontal irregularity, structural system : Regular

Determine Configuration Irregularities, Vertical
Irregularities
No Vertical irregularity, structural system : Regular

Selection of Method of Analysis
Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) permitted.

Equivalent Lateral Force Analysis
1 Compute Seismic Weight, W (SNI. 7.7.2)
2 Compute Approximate Period of Vibration Ta (SNI. 7.8.2.1)
3 Compute Upper Bound Period of Vibration, T = Cu Ta (SNI. 7.8.2)
4 Compute "Analytical" Natural periods
5 Compute Seismic Base Shear (SNI. 7.8.1)
6 Compute Equivalent Lateral Forces (SNI. 7.8.3)
7 Compute Torsional Amplification Factors (SNI. 7.8.4.3)
8 Determine Orthogonal Loading Requirements (SNI. 7.8)
9 Compute Redundancy Factor ρ (SNI. 7.3.4)
10 Perform Structural Analysis
11 Check Drift and P-Delta Requirements (SNI. 7.9.4 and 7.9.6)
12 Revise Structure in Necessary and Repeat Steps 1-11 [as
appropriate]
13 Determine Design-Level Member Forces (SNI. 7.4)
Procedures to Calculate Base Shear
Seismic Base Shear. Determined by:

V = Cs W
Cs = the seismic response coefficient 7.8.1.1, and
W = the effective seismic weight per Section 7.7.2
Calculation of Seismic Response Coefficient.
SDS
Cs =
R/Ie
SDS = the design spectral short period range
R = the response modification factor
Ie = the Importance Factor.
but
SD1
0, 044SDS Ie or 0.01 < Cs ≤
T (R/Ie )

Notes on Computing the Period of Vibration
Ta (Eqn.12.8-7, SNI Eqn.26) is an approximate lower bound period,

and is based on the measured response of buildings in high seismic
regions.
T = Cu Ta is also approximate, but is somewhat more accurate than Ta
alone because it is based on the "best fit" of the measured response,
and is adjusted for local seismicity. Both of these adjustments are
contained in the Cu term.
Cu Ta can only be used if an analytically computed period, called
Tcomputed herein, is available from a computer analysis of the structure.

Using Empirical Formulas to Determine Ta
Ta = Ct hxn
Ta = 0.0466 × 30.20.9
Ta = 1.0009 second

Adjusted Empirical Period T = Cu Ta
SD1 = 0.323 , from table Cu = 1.4
T = Cu Ta
T = 1.4 × 1.0009 = 1.401 second

Calculation of ELF Base Shear
V = CS W(eqn. 12.8.1, SNI eqn.21)

SDS 0.561
CS = = = 0.0701(eqn. 12.8.2, SNI eqn.22)
R/I 8/1
no more than:
SD1 0.323
CS = = = 0.0288 → govern
T · (R/I ) 1.401 × (8/1)
but not less than
CS = 0.044SDS Ie ≥ 0.01 = 0.044 × 0.561 × 1 = 0.024
V = CS W
= 0.0288 × 13095.3 = 377.15 ton

Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces for single portal
floor level hkx wx wx hkx Cvx Fx
7th 30.2 139.96 1865.66 261122.39 0.306 115.71
6th 25.2 107.65 2127.00 228980.38 0.269 101.47
5th 20.2 78.11 2127.00 166160.19 0.195 73.63
4th 15.2 51.72 2127.00 110012.16 0.129 48.75
3rd 10.2 29.00 2127.00 61693.26 0.072 27.34
2nd 5.2 10.91 2046.00 22341.40 0.026 9.90
1st 1.1 1.15 675.67 775.80 0.0009 0.34
13095.33 851085.59
Fx = Cvx V
wx hkx
Cvx =
∑ni=1 wx hkx
k = 1.45 interpolation
(12.8.3, SNI 7.8.3)
Concept of Reffective
In case of eq. 12.8.5(SNI eq.24) govern, we need to adjust the value of

R.
0.021
Reffective = × 8 = 4.54
0.037
Issues Related to Period of Vibration and Drift
12.8.6.1 (SNI 7.8.6.1)Minimum Base Shear for Computing Drift

The elastic analysis of the seismic force-resisting system for computing
drift shall be made using the prescribed seismic design forces of
Section 12.8.(SNI 7.8)
EXCEPTION: Eq. 12.8-5 (SNI pers. 24) need not be considered for
computing drift
12.8.6.2 (SNI 7.8.6.2) Period for Computing Drift

For determining compliance with the story drift limits of Section
12.12.1 (SNI 7.12.1), it is permitted to determine the elastic drifts, (δxe ),
using seismic design forces based on the computed fundamental
period of the structure without the upper limit (Cu Ta ) specified in
Section 12.8.2 (SNI 7.8.2)

Using Eqns. 12.8-3(23) or 12.8-5(24) for Computing
ELF Displacements

What if Equation 12.8-6(SNI eq.25) had Controlled
Base Shear?
0.5S1
CS = Eqn. 12.8-6(SNI 25), applicable only when S1 >= 0.6g
R/I
This equation represents the "true" response spectrum shape for
near-field ground motions. Thus, the lateral forces developed on the
basis of this equation must be used for determining component design
forces and displacements used for computing drift.

When Equation 12.8-5(SNI eq.24) May Control Seismic
Base Shear (S1 < 0.6g)

When Equation 12.8-6(SNI eq.25) May Control Seismic
Base Shear (S1 ≥ 0.6g)

Load Combination
1. 1,4 D
2. 1,2 D + 1,6 L
3. 1,2 D + L ± 1,0 E
4. 0,9 D ± 1,0 E

Storey Drift
Cd δxe
floor no Disp.(mm) Storey drift (mm)
Ie
7th 79.43 436.86 39.76
6th 72.20 397.10 67.05
5th 60.01 330.06 86.24
4th 44.33 243.82 96.69
3rd 26.75 147.13 95.93
2nd 9.49 52.19 49.94
1st 0.41 2.26 2.26
Footing 0 0 0
Cd = 5.5 and Ie = 1
from table drift max = 96.69 mm

Allowable drift = 0.02 × 5 × 1000 = 100 mm > drift max → ok

Allowable Story Drift

Envelope Moment for beam 2001 and 2002

Longitudinal Reinforcement
Consider mild exposure and maximum 10 mm diameter two-legged
hoops. Then clear cover to main reinforcement is 20 +10 = 30 mm.
Assume 25 mm diameter bars at top face and 20 mm diameter bars at
bottom face. Then, d = 532 mm for two layers and 557 mm for one
layer at top; d= 540 mm for two layers and 560 mm for one layer at
bottom. Also consider d0 /d = 0.1 for all doubly reinforced sections.
Beam support moment considered at the face of column. All concrete
are fc0 = 25 MPa, and Steel fy = 420 MPa
Flexure Design for B2001
Mu
Location Mu b d type ρt × 100 ρc × 100 Ast Asc
bd2
250 -477 300 532 5.62 D 1.86 0.71 2969 1133
col. face +253 300 540 2.89 S 0.96 - 1555 -
3750 0 300 557 0 S 0 - 0 -
mid +130 300 560 1.38 S 0.42 - 706 -
7250 -497 300 532 5.85 D 1.933 0.782 3085 1248
col. face +182 300 540 2.08 S 0.65 - 1053 -
Reinforcement Limitation
ACI/SNI 2847, ps 10.5.1 :

p
0.25 fc0 1.4bw d
As,min = bw d, but not less than
fy fy
ACI/SNI 2847, ps 21.5.2.1 :
ρmax = 0.025

Summary of longitudinal reinforcement
B2001 and B2003

At A and D Top bars 7D25, Ast = 3436 mm2 with 250 mm
(External supports) (=10 db ) , internal radius at bend,where
db is the diameter of the bar
Bottom bars 6D20, Ast = 1884 mm2 , with 200 mm
(=10 db ) internal radius at bend
At Centre Top bars 2D25 , Ast = 982 mm2
Bottom bars 5D20 , Ast = 1570 mm2
At B and C Top bars 7D25 , Ast = 3437 mm2
(Internal supports) Bottom bars 6D20, Ast = 1884 mm2
B2002
At Centre Top bars 2D25, Ast = 982 mm2
Bottom bars 5D20, Ast = 1570 mm2

Check for reinforcement
21.5.2.1 – At any section of a flexural member, except as provided in

10.5.3, for top as well as for bottom reinforcement, the amount of
reinforcement shall not be less than that given by Eq. (10-3) but not
less than 1.4bw d/fy , and the reinforcement ratio, ρ , shall not exceed
0.025. At least two bars shall be provided continuously at both top and
bottom.
Here, 2D25mm (982 mm2 ) are continuous throughout at top; and
5D20mm (1570 mm2 ) are continuous throughout at bottom. Hence, ok.
ρmin = 1.4 × 300 × 532/420 = 532mm2 < ρavail = 2D25(981.3mm2 ) Ok.
ρmax = 0.025 × 300 × 532 = 3990mm2 > ρavail = 7D25(3436mm2 ) Ok.

21.5.2.2 – Positive moment strength at joint face shall be not less than
one-half the negative moment strength provided at that face of the
joint. Neither the negative nor the positive moment strength at any
section along member length shall be less than one- fourth the
maximum moment strength provided at face of either joint.
Joint A:
3436
Half the negative steel (7D25)= = 1718mm2
2
Positif steel (6D20)= 1884mm2 > 1718mm2 Ok.
Joint B:
3436
Half the negative steel (7D25)= = 1718mm2
2
Positif steel (6D20)= 1884mm2 > 1718mm2 Ok.
At Mid A-B :
Ast at top or bottom ≥ 0.25 Ast at top at joint A or B
Ast ≥ 0.25 × 3436 = 859mm2 < Ast,avail (2D25) = 982mm2 Ok.
21.7.5.1 – For bar sizes No. 10 through No. 36, the development length,
ldh , for a bar with a standard 90-degree hook in normalweight concrete
shall not be less than the largest of 8db , 150 mm, and the length
required by Eq. (21-6)
fy db
ldh = p Eq. (21-6)
5.4 fc0
D25:
420 × 25
ldh = √ = 481.5; 8db = 8 × 25 = 200, 8db > 150mm
5.4 25
Development length ld = 481.5 + 200 mm = 681.5 mm.
D20:
420 × 20
ldh = √ = 385.2; 8db = 8 × 20 = 160, 8db > 150mm
5.4 25
Development length ld = 385.2 + 160 mm = 545.2 mm.

SMRF Transverse reinforcement
Probable flexural moment strength,

Mpr , act at the joint faces and that the
member is loaded with the factored
tributary gravity load along its span.
End moment Mpr based on steel
tensile stress of 1.25fy
Probable Moment at Support
Joint A Joint B
Negative Positive Negative Positive
Top Bar 7D25 7D25 7D25 7D25
(mm2 ) = 3436 = 3436 = 3436 = 3436
Bottom bars 6D20 6D20 6D20 6D20
(mm2 ) = 1884 = 1884 = 1884 = 1884
Ast (mm2 ) = 3437 1884 3437 1884
Asc (mm2 ) = 1884 3437 1884 3437
a (mm) = 283.05 155.15 283.05 155.15
Mpr(kN-m) = 704.59 449.47 704.59 449.47

Shear Forces
qu = 1.2(26) + 1.0(5) = 36.2 kN/m

Sway to right:
449.47 + 704.59
Ve = − 135.75 = 29.12 kN
7.0
Sway to left:
704.59 + 449.47
Ve = + 135.75 = 300.6 kN
7.0
Shear Reinforcement :
Vn = Vc + Vs , but Vc = 0
Av fyt d p
Vs = , Vs ≤ 0.66 fc0 bw d
s
Beam Size Check:
√
Vmax = 0.66 25 × 300 × 532 = 526.68 kN.
Vmax > Ve beam size Ok.

Shear Reinforcement
21.5.4.2 – Transverse reinforcement over the lengths identified in

21.5.3.1 shall be proportioned to resist shear assuming Vc = 0 when
both (a) and (b) occur:
(a) The earthquake-induced shear force calculated in accordance with
21.5.4.1 represents one-half or more of the maximum required
shear strength within those lengths;
(b) The factored axial compressive force, Pu , including earthquake
effects is less than Ag fc0 /20.
Use:
Hoops 10mm diameter Av = 157.08 mm2 , s = 100 mm.
157.08 × 420 × 532
Vs = = 350.98 kN > Ve Ok.
100
check spacing:
d/4 = 532/4 = 133, 6db = 6 × 25 = 150, or 150mm. (s = 100mm Ok.)

Transverse reinforcement
21.5.3.1 – Hoops shall be provided in the following regions of frame
members:
(a) Over a length equal to twice the member depth measured from
the face of the supporting member toward midspan, at both ends
of the flexural member;
(b) Over lengths equal to twice the member depth on both sides of a
section where flexural yielding is likely to occur in connection
with inelastic lateral displacements of the frame.
21.5.3.2 – The first hoop shall be located not more than 50 mm from the
face of a supporting member. Spacing of the hoops shall not exceed the
smallest of (a), (b), and (c):
(a) d/4;
(b) Six times the diameter of the smallest primary flexural reinforcing
bars excluding longitudinal skin reinforcement required by 10.6.7;
and
(c) 150 mm
21.5.3.3 – Where hoops are

required, primary flexural
reinforcing bars closest to the
tension and compression faces
shall have lateral support
conforming to 7.10.5.3 or 7.10.5.4.
The spacing of transversely
supported flexural reinforcing bars
shall not exceed 350 mm. Skin
reinforcement required by 10.6.7
need not be laterally supported.

21.5.3.4 – Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks at
both ends shall be spaced at a distance not more than d/2 throughout
the length of the member.
21.5.3.5 – Stirrups or ties required to resist shear shall be hoops over
lengths of members in 21.5.3.1.
21.5.3.6 – Hoops in flexural members shall be permitted to be made up
of two pieces of reinforcement: a stirrup having seismic hooks at both
ends and closed by a crosstie. Consecutive crossties engaging the same
longitudinal bar shall have their 90-degree hooks at opposite sides of
the flexural member. If the longitudinal reinforcing bars secured by the
crossties are confined by a slab on only one side of the flexural frame
member, the 90-degree hooks of the crossties shall be placed on that
side.

Flexural Reinforcement Requirement

Transverse Reinforcement Requirement

Lap Splice Reinforcement Requirement

Design Selected Column
21.6.1.1 – The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a

straight line passing through the geometric centroid, shall not be less
than 300 mm.
21.6.1.2 – The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the
perpendicular dimension shall not be less than 0.4.

title
21.6.2.2 – The flexural strengths of the columns shall satisfy Eq. (21-1)
ΣMnc ≥ (6/5)ΣMnb (21-1)
ΣMnc = sum of nominal flexural strengths of columns framing into the

joint, evaluated at the faces of the joint. Column flexural strength
shall be calculated for the factored axial force, consistent with the
direction of the lateral forces considered, resulting in the lowest
flexural strength.
ΣMnb = sum of nominal flexural strengths of the beams framing into the
joint, evaluated at the faces of the joint. In T-beam construction,
where the slab is in tension under moments at the face of the joint,
slab reinforcement within an effective slab width defined in 8.12
shall be assumed to contribute to Mnb if the slab reinforcement is
developed at the critical section for flexure.
Flexural strength at face of joint
Column 202
Combo Moment at face
No. Pu Mu,x Mu,z
kN kN-m kN-m
1 4002 93.946 31.608
2 3253 78.14 157.16
3 3225 72.87 127.31
4 3151 72.00 208.96
5 3179 77.26 178.23
the number of load combination

should use all available
combinations, for simplicity only
five is used.

Slenderness effects in compression members
10.10.1 – Slenderness effects shall be permitted to be neglected in the

following cases:
(a) for compression members not braced against sidesway when:
klu
≤ 22 (10-6)
r
(b) for compression members braced against sidesway when:
klu
≤ 34 − 12(M1 /M2 ) ≤ 40 (10-7)
r
where M1 /M2 is positive if the column is bent in single curvature,
and negative if the member is bent in double curvature.
Second-order effects in many structures are negligible. Equation (10-7)
is based on assuming that a 5 percent increase in moments due to
slenderness is acceptable.

longitudinal reinforcement calculation
Assumed slenderness is neglectable,

Combo Moment at face
No. Pu Mu,x Mu,z
kN kN-m kN-m
1 4002 93.946 31.608
2 3253 78.14 157.16
3 3225 72.87 127.31
4 3151 72.00 208.96
5 3179 77.26 178.23

Biaxial as Uniaxial Moment
combo Pu Mux Muz Mux + 0.3Muz 0.3Mux + Muz Mmax
1 4002 93.946 31.608 103.4284 59.7918 103.4284
2 3253 78.14 157.16 125.288 180.602 180.602
3 3225 72.87 127.31 111.063 149.171 149.171
4 3151 72 208.96 134.688 230.56 230.56
5 3179 77.26 178.23 130.729 201.408 201.408
combo Pu Mmax Pu /Ag Mu /Agh ρ (%)

1 4002 103.4284 16.008 0.827 1.50
2 3253 180.602 13.012 1.445 1.00
3 3225 149.171 12.900 1.193 1.00
4 3151 230.56 12.604 1.845 1.00
5 3179 201.408 12.716 1.611 1.00
Use 12D20, As = 3769.91mm2 , (1.5 % Ag = 3750 mm2 )

From M-N diagram, Mnc = Mφuc = 1.8 × 5002 × 500/0.65 = 346.15
kN-m
φ = 0.65 only valid for this case. when Pu is low, the φ need to change
accordingly.
M-N Diagram for 4 faces column

Beam nominal Moment

bw + 2 × clearspan/2 = 300 + 2200 = 2500mm

Effective width beff = bw + 2(8hf ) = 300 + 16 × 150 = 2700mm

l/4 = 7500/4 = 1875mm − − > govern

assumed slab reinforcement Φ10 − 100mm, Width of slab with

reinforcement = 1875 - 300 = 1575 mm.
Asslab = 1575/100 × π102 /4 = 1236mm2
Additional moment due to slab
reinforcement:
Asslab fy 1236 × 400
a= 0
= = 77.55
0.85fc b 0.85 × 25 × 300
a
Mn = As fy (d − ) =
2
1236 × 400(532 − 77.55/2) = 243.85 kN-m

Checking for Strong Column
Nominal Momen of beam (7D25 = 3436mm2):

Mn = 647.63 kN-m
Nominal Momen of beam (6D20 = 1884mm2):
Mn = 375.79 kN-m
External column:
ΣMnc = 2 × 346.15 = 692.3 kN-m
ΣMnb = 647.63 + 243.85 = 891.48 kN-m
ΣMn,c < ΣMn,b –> weak column (NG).
Internal Column:
ΣMnc = 2 × 346.15 = 692.3 kN-m
ΣMnb = 647.63 + 243.85 + 375.79 = 1267.27 kN-m
ΣMn,c < ΣMn,b –> weak column (NG).
use 4% reinforcement, Muc = 3.55 × 5002 × 500 = 443.75 kN-m
Mnc = 2 × 443.75/0.65 = 1365.38 kN-m, –> Ok

title
Enlarge the column to 600x600mm,

combo Pu Mmax Pu /Ag Mu /Agh ρ (%)
1 4002 103.4284 11.12 0.48 1.00
2 3253 180.602 9.40 0.84 1.00
3 3225 149.171 8.96 0.69 1.00
4 3151 230.56 8.75 1.07 1.00
5 3179 201.408 8.83 0.93 1.00
Set 4% reinforcement, Muc = 4.5 × 6003 = 972 kN-m

Mnc = 972/0.65 = 1495 kN-m –> Ok.
As = 4/100 ∗ 6002 = 14400 mm2 , use 20D32 = 16085 mm2 .

Column Longitudinal reinforcement
21.6.3.1 – Area of longitudinal reinforcement, Ast , shall not be less than

0.01Ag or more than 0.06Ag .
21.6.3.2 – In columns with circular hoops, the minimum number of
longitudinal bars shall be 6.
21.6.3.3 – Mechanical splices shall conform to 21.1.6 and welded
splices shall conform to 21.1.7. Lap splices shall be permitted only
within the center half of the member length, shall be designed as
tension lap splices, and shall be enclosed within transverse
reinforcement conforming to 21.6.4.2 and 21.6.4.3.

Transverse reinforcement Design Forces
Moment strengths are to be determined

using a strength reduction factor of 1.0
and reinforcing steel stress equal to at
least 1.25fy . Distribution of the combined
moment strength of the beams to the
columns above and below the joint should
be based on analysis. The value of Mpr
may be computed from the flexural
member strengths at the beam- column
joints.

Calculate column shear reinforment
Assumed concrete contribution to shear neglected, Vc = 0

Mpr3 + Mpr4 (3436 + 1884) + (1884 + 3436)
Ve = = = 2955.55 kN
ln 3.3
d = 600 − 40 − 32/2 = 544 mm.
Use hoops diameter 19mm (6leg), Av = 1701.2 mm2 , s = 125 mm.
Av fy d
Vs =
S
1701.2 × 420 × 544
Vs = = 3239.03 kN. –> ok.
125
If concrete contribution is included, the result will be better.

Home Work
Recalculate the shear reinforcement of column, by including concrete

shear capacity.

Reinforced Concrete Building Structures: Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)

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Reinforced Concrete Building Structures

Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)

LB3 Civil Engineering ITS

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan

Last Edited Sept-2017

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 1 / 75

Upon completion this section, student be able to:

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The following discussion will design of 6 floors rectangular building

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1 6 Stories above grade.

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Live load : 4.0 kN/m2 at typical floor

In the general floor-plan, the columns from C1 to C16 are numbered in

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(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 10 / 75

Beam Column Load

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Beam and frame load calculations:

Note: Self-weights of main beams and columns will not be considered,

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The seismic weights are calculated in a manner similar to gravity

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1 Determine Occupancy Category (SNI Table-1, ASCE Table 1.5-1, )

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(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 20 / 75

SDS = (2/3)Fa SS = (2/3) × 1.24 × 0.679 = 0.561g

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 21 / 75

Seismic Design Category = D

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 22 / 75

Select Special Steel Moment Frame: R = 8, Cd = 5.5, Ω0 = 3

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No Horizontal irregularity, structural system : Regular

No Vertical irregularity, structural system : Regular

(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 26 / 75

Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) permitted.

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Seismic Base Shear. Determined by:

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Ta (Eqn.12.8-7, SNI Eqn.26) is an approximate lower bound period,

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(ITS Surabaya) Reinforced Concrete Building Structures First Ed Oct-2016 31 / 75

SD1 = 0.323 , from table Cu = 1.4

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V = CS W(eqn. 12.8.1, SNI eqn.21)

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In case of eq. 12.8.5(SNI eq.24) govern, we need to adjust the value of

12.8.6.1 (SNI 7.8.6.1)Minimum Base Shear for Computing Drift

12.8.6.2 (SNI 7.8.6.2) Period for Computing Drift

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from table drift max = 96.69 mm

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