LEADERSHIP Recent Approaches to Leadership

Definition of Leadership
Transformational Leadership
A both process and a property. As a process,
Refers to the set of abilities that allows the leader
leadership involves the use of noncoercive
to recognize the need for change, to create a vision
influence. As a property, leadership is the set of
to guide that change, and to execute the change
characteristics attributed to someone who is
effectively.
perceived to use influence successfully
E.g. Steve Jobs was passionate and visionary
Importance of Leadership
CEO. When he died in 2012, he left Apple in such
*Leadership solves the problem of organizing
as good shape that his successor, Tim Cook, had
collective effort.
no need to make dramatic changes. The firm’s
*Bad leaders cause misery for people who are
product portfolio and innovation pipelines were
subject to their domain.
strong and the firm’s finances were stable so Cook
*Several patterns of leadership behavior are
has been able to think about longterm strategic
associated with subordinates’ performance and
issues rather than addressing a lot of short term
satisfaction.
problems.

*To leadership attempted to identify stable and Charismatic Leadership

enduring character traits that differentiated Likely to have a lot of self confidence, firm
effective leaders from non leaders. confidence in their beliefs and ideals, and a strong
need to influence people.

Leadership Traits Charismatic leaders are able to energize others by

demonstrating personal excitement, personal
*Emotional Intelligence confidence and consistent pattern of success.
*Drive
E.g. Pope John Paul II Well regarded for his work
*Motivation
in the church, John Paul was made a cardinal in
*Honesty & Integrity 1967. In 1978, he was elected pope, a role he
*Charisma occupied until his death in 2005. Pope John Paul II
was instrumental in examining the Roman Catholic
*Self Confidence Church’s role in the modern world. He traveled to
*Cognitive Ability more than 100 countries and was a vocal advocate
for human rights. Political examples of charismatic
*Knowledge of the business
leadership.

Responsibilities of a Leader Attribution Perspective on Leadership

Holds that when behaviors are observed in a
*Set and achieve goals context associated with leadership, others may
*Market attribute varying levels of leadership ability of
power to the person displaying those behaviors.
*Solve problems
*Make decisions E.g.Group of people trapped in an elevator. The
*Set priorities woman peering through the door is relaying
information to the others that a rescue team is
*Be a role model
outside and that they will be freed soon. Her
*Inspire demeanor and this information are helping people
*Get results to remain calm.
Ethical Leadership
The demonstration of normatively appropriate
conduct through personal actions and
interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of
such conduct followers through two-way
communication.
E.g. honesty, trustworthiness; Doing the right
thing, showing concern to the people and being
open.

Promotes ethical behavior in all organizations

through his/her actions and communication.

Spiritual Leadership
Vision wherein organization members experience
a sense of calling in that their life has meaning and
establishing a culture based on altruistic love.

Altruistic love postively oriented traits, processes.

Genuine care, concern and appreciation.

Kindness, forgiveness, integrity, compassion,

honesty, patience and loyalty

Authentic Leadership
May possesses the ability to enhance follower
commitment which might affect performance in a
positive way. E.g psychological capital like hope,
optimism, self-efficacy and resilience of
subordinates.

Positive Leadership
Refers to the facilitation of extraordinary positive
performance by focusing on the strengths and
capabilities of people.

Positive organizational behavior.