1.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY switches, hubs, and repeaters and may also include hybrid
Technology keeps on improving because of our
needs and demands. It keeps on changing. Technology
comes in different forms. The increasing rate of
technological innovation, everyone is dying to have the
newest model or the best technology but keep in mind that
attaching too much of yourself to something is not that
good. Now that many technological devices are invented, it
has several benefits to businesses, studies, society and all
aspects. Technology has brought advancements in
agriculture, due to which food produce has increased.
Technology has boosted every industry. Businesses have
grown, creating more employment opportunities.
Advancements in technology have led to the evolution of
newer and faster modes of transport and communication.
The application of technology has boosted research in
fields ranging from genetics to extra-terrestrial space. They
have changed every sector, be it medicine, tourism,
education, entertainment or any other. Technology has
touched every aspect of life, making it easier, better and
different. Technology has changed living.
According to Ong , 1982 Technologies like the
Internet continue the social evolution of communications
and information that began withspeech, writing and
printing. The Internet and the World-wide web (Web)
represent the latest “disruptive” technologies (Christensen,
1997) by creating new opportunities for identity formation
that disturb values that have been the mainstay of
communication for a long period of time. In the process,
the computer is generating new ethical challenges in many
areas of modern life. All the norms of a pre-computer
society, including those associated with education, are now
open to question (Kizza, 1998).Technology has also helped
small businesses evolve and expand quickly. The use of
social networking, video conferencing, virtual office tools
and other such techniques have removed all boundaries,
which, in the past, prevented growth. Thanks to technology,
businesses, small and large, can reach a wider customer
base and grow and expand. Technology has also helped
small businesses evolve and expand quickly. The use of
social networking, video conferencing, virtual office tools
and other such techniques have removed all boundaries,
which, in the past, prevented growth. Thanks to technology,
businesses, small and large, can reach a wider customer
base and grow and expand.
A network is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An
excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
connects billions of people all over the world. Examples of
network devices are routers, network bridges, modems,
wireless access points, networking cables, line drivers,
network devices such as multilayer switches, protocol
converter, bridge router.
Computer networks serve a number of purposes,
some of which include: 1) communications such as email,
instant messaging, chat rooms, etc. 2) shared hardware such
as printers and input devices, 3) shared data and
information through the use of shared storage devices, 4)
shared software, which is achieved by running applications
on remote computers.
A computer network facilitates interpersonal
communications allowing users to communicate efficiently
and easily via various means: email, instant messaging,
online chat, telephone, video telephone calls, and video
conferencing. A network allows sharing of network and
computing resources. Users may access and use resources
provided by devices on the network, such as printing a
document on a shared network printer or use of a shared
storage device. A network allows sharing of files, data, and
other types of information giving authorized users the
ability to access information stored on other computers on
the network. Distributed computing uses computing
resources across a network to accomplish tasks. A computer
network may be used by security hackers to deploy
computer viruses or computer worms on devices connected
to the network, or to prevent these devices from accessing
the network via a denial-of-service attack.
In order to have a good computer networking
structure, we need to consider the network topologies. The
term network topology describes the relationship of
connected devices in terms of a geometric graph. Devices
are represented as vertices, and their connections are
represented as edges on the graph. It describes how many
connections each device has, in what order, and it what sort
of hierarchy. Typical network configurations include the
bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology,
tree topology and hybrid topology.
 Bus Topology - Alternatively referred to as a line
topology, every workstation is connected to a
main cable called the bus. Therefore, in effect,
each workstation is directly connected to every
other workstation in the network. These are some
of the advantages: 1) it works well when you
have a small network, 2) easiest network
topology for connecting computers or peripherals
in a linear design, 3) it requires less cable length
than a star topology. There are also disadvantages
of it, 1) difficult to identify the problems if the
whole network goes down, 2) hard to
troubleshoot individual device issues, 3)
additional devices slow the network down, 4) if a
main cable is damaged, the network fails or splits
into two.
 Mesh Topology - A network setup where each
computer and network device is interconnected
with one another, allowing for most transmissions
to be distributed even if one of the connections
 go down. It is a topology commonly used for
wireless networks. Advantages: 1) manages high
amounts of traffic, because multiple devices can
transmit data simultaneously, 2) A failure of one
device does not cause a break in the network or
transmission of data, 3) a failure of one device
does not cause a break in the network or
transmission of data. Disadvantages: 1) chance of
redundant connections is high, which adds to the
high costs and potential for reduced efficiency, 2)
difficult and time consuming, 3) The cost to
implement is higher than other network
topologies, making it a less desirable option.
 Ring Topology - A ring topology is a network
configuration in which device connections create
a circular data path. Each networked device is
connected to two others, like points on a circle.
Together, devices in a ring topology are referred
to as a ring network. In a ring network, packets of
data travel from one device to the next until they
reach their destination. Most ring topologies
allow packets to travel only in one direction,
called a unidirectional ring network. Others
permit data to move in either direction, called
bidirectional. Advantages: 1) All data flows in
one direction, reducing the chance of packet
collisions, 2) a network server is not needed to
control network connectivity between each
workstation, 3) data can transfer between
workstations at high speeds, 4) additional
workstations can be added without impacting
performance of the network. Disadvantages: 1)
all data being transferred over the network must
pass through each workstation on the network,
which can make it slower than a star topology, 2)
entire network will be impacted if one
workstation shuts down, 3) if any individual
connection in the ring is broken, the entire
network is affected.
 Star Topology - Alternatively referred to as a star
network, star topology is one of the most
common network setups. In this configuration,
every node connects to a central network device,
like a hub, switch, or computer. The central
network device acts as a server and the peripheral
devices act as clients. Advantages: 1) easy to add
another computer to the network, 2) if one
computer on the network fails, the rest of the
network continues to function normally. One
disadvantage of it is if the central computer, hub,
or switch fails, the entire network goes down and
all computers are disconnected from the network.
 Tree Topology - A tree topology is a special type
of structure in which many connected elements
are arranged like the branches of a tree. For
example, tree topologies are frequently used to
organize the computers in a corporate network, or
the information in a database. In a tree topology,
there can be only one connection between any
two connected nodes. Because any two nodes can
have only one mutual connection, tree topologies
form a natural parent and child hierarchy.
Advantages: 1) Other hierarchical networks are
not affected if one of them gets damaged, 2)
easier maintenance and fault finding.
Disadvantage: 1) huge cabling is needed, 2) a lot
of maintenance is needed.
 Hybrid Topology - A hybrid topology is a type of
network topology that uses two or more differing
network topologies. These topologies include a
mix of bus topology, mesh topology, ring
topology, star topology, and tree topology.
ISPs (Internet service providers), the companies that
provide Internet service and connectivity, also follow these
rules. The ISP provides a bridge between your computer
and all the other computers in the world, which are all a
part of the Internet. The ISP uses the TCP/IP protocols to
make computer-to-computer connections possible and
transmit data between them. When connected to an ISP, you
are assigned an IP address, which is a unique address given
to your computer or network and allows it to be found
while on the Internet.
Using the Internet, computers connect to each other
using these topologies. They transmit data and
communicate with each other, primarily using the TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). Think
of TCP/IP as a book of rules, a step-by-step guide that each
computer uses to know how to talk to another computer. If
the rules are not followed, the computer will not be able to
connect to another computer, nor send and receive data
between other computers. To connect to the Internet and
other computers on a network, a computer must have a NIC
(network interface card) installed. A network cable plugged
into the NIC on one end and plugged into a cable modem,
router or switch can allow a computer to access the Internet
and connect to other computers.
Network design is a category of systems design that
deals with data transport mechanisms. As with other
systems' design disciplines, network design follows an
analysis stage, where requirements are generated, and
precedes implementation, where the system (or relevant
system component) is constructed. The objective of
network design is to satisfy data communication
requirements while minimizing expense. Requirement
scope can vary widely from one network design project to
another based on geographic particularities and the nature
of the data requiring transport.
Network analysis may be conducted at an inter-
organizational, organizational, or departmental level. The
requirements generated during the analysis may therefore
define an inter-network connecting two or more
organizations, an enterprise network that connects the
departments of a single organization, or a departmental
network to be designed around specific divisional needs.
Inter-networks and enterprise networks often span multiple
buildings, some of which may be hundreds or thousands of
miles apart. The distance between physical connections B. Requirement specification
often dictates the type of technology that must be used to
facilitate data transmission. C. Network Protocols

Networks connect machines—which may be D. Security measures

computers, computer peripherals, digital telephones, or
other digital communication equipment— to each other for
the purpose of exchanging data. The data carried by a
network may represent voice, video, text, numeric values,
or computer-readable code. Regardless of its context at the
machines that send and receive the data, the data are
handled by the physical network as an uninterpreted series
of Boolean values or binary digits called a bitstream. At
this lowest logical level, these values of zero and one are
represented on the physical network as discrete electronic
pulses (baseband) or frequency modulations (broadband)
depending on the physical transmission method chosen for
a given network segment.
If network design structure has its own advantages of
implementing it, then if there’s none of it, it can also give a
problems and effects for not implementing and designing a
network structure. It plays a crucial role in every
individual’s and every organization’s everyday activities.
But there has to be some specific models or guidelines that
must be followed to connect one device to another. This
logical or physical layout or configuration of a network is
known as a network topology and without this structures
our job or our work place will be be messy and we cannot
focus our selves because it is so messy that we can even
focus on working and more and because of the filthiness of
the room the persons who are working on that particular
room will be irritated. Without the network design the
cables that’s scattered around the room and may cause the
cables to twist each other and may also cause the employee
stumble their self.
2. To identify the problems in having a bad
network structure.
3. To provide all availability of software and
hardware of all users in the network.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is significant to the teachers, parents,
and students. This study will help Senior High School ICT
students of the University of Northern Philippines to give
knowledge about networking design that involves
evaluating, understanding, and scoping the network to be
implemented. The teachers and students will have a better
understanding on the network design for campus using
wired or wireless network. The knowledge of the students
will enable them to know the area of difficulty and strength
by guiding them in suit their needs.
This study will serve a s a basis of students to
further more in knowledge in networking design, for future
researchers will benefit from this study and it will provide
them the facts needed to compare their study during their
respective time usability.
1.3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Network design is an ongoing effort at most

This study is focuses on the Network Design for
organizations because new applications and business
Campus Using Wired Wireless or both Network. This
growth create new requirements, which can be fulfilled
involves a survey for those who are Used Wired or Wireless
with ever improving network technology. Network
or both networks. This research is designed to have a
engineering, of which network design is a component, is a
thorough knowledge of problems of Wired or Wireless or
balance between performance and expense. So as
both Network on why happened those and how-to solve
communication technology continues to improve, resulting
their problem by being aware of the network design.
in higher data speeds and lower costs, network analysis and
redesign is continually necessary to maintain that balance
effectively. 1.4 Keywords

The following words are the keywords for this

study.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE
Networking
This study is aimed to design and implement a
well designed network structure. Specifically, it is sought to Network design
meet the following objectives:
Network structure
1.To design a network structure a long with:
Technology
A. Network structure design
 1.5 DEFINITIONS OF TERM

The following terms were defined operationally

for the common understanding.

Centralized Network System. This refers to a

type of network where all users connect to a central server,
which is the acting agent for all communications. Server
would store both the communications and the user account
information.

Management. It is the process of dealing with or

controlling things or people. It is also the strategy in
organizing and managing.

Network design. This refers to the planning of the

implementation of a computer network infrastructure.

Wired Network.It is a common type

of wired configuration. Most of it use Ethernet cables to
transfer data between connected PCs. In a small wired
network, a single router may be used to connect all the
computers. Larger network often involve multiple routers
or switches that connect to each other.

Wireless Network. This refers to the computer

network where there is no physical wired connection
between sender and receiver

Network. set of connected computers

Computer. device that performs processes,

calculations and operations based on instructions

Network structure. one in which more than one

organization combine to produce a good or provide a
service.

Topology. study of geometric properties and

spatial relations

Internet. global computer network providing a

variety of information and communication

Technology. scientific knowledge for practical

purposes