THERMODYNAMICS 2: CHAPTER 2

ASSIGNMENT #2

2-1 An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9.2 and uses air as the working fluid. At the
beginning of the compression process, air is at 98 kPa and 27C. The pressure is doubled
during the constant-volume heat addition process. Accounting for the variation of
specific heats with temperature, determine:

i. the amount of heat transferred to the air.

ii. the net work output.
iii. the thermal efficiency for the cycle.

2-2 An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18.2. Air is at 27C and 100 kPa
at the beginning of the compression process and at 1700 K at the end of the heat addition
process. Accounting for the constant specific heats at room temperatures, determine:
(Take cv=0.718 kJ/kg.K, cp=1.005 kJ/kg.K and specific heat ratio, k =1.4)

i. the cut-off ratio.

ii. the heat rejection per unit mass.
iii. the thermal efficiency for the cycle.
2-3 Figure 2-3 shows a P-V diagram for an ideal Otto cycle. The air temperature at the
beginning of the compression process is at 300 K. Accounting the variation of specific
heat with temperature through the cycle and by referring to the data given in the figure,
determine:
i. Temperature at the end of each process
ii. The thermal efficiency.

P(kPa)
3
1000
qin Isentropic

2
500
4
150

100 qout
1
Isentropic

200 800 V (cm3)

Figure 2-3
2-4 Figure 2-4 shows a P-V diagram for an ideal Diesel cycle. The air temperature at the
beginning of the compression process is at 300 K. Accounting the variation of specific
heat with temperature through the cycle and by referring to the data given in the figure,
determine:
i. Temperature at the end of each process
ii. The thermal efficiency.

P (kPa) qin
2 3
1000
Isentropic

4
150
Isentropic qout
100
1

200 500 800 V (cm3)

Figure 2-4

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2-5 An ideal cycle of a spark ignition engine has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of
the compression process, the air is at 100 kPa and 35°C. The temperature at the end of the
isentropic expansion process is 800 K. Accounting for variation of specific heats with
temperature, determine:
i. The amount of heat transferred to air during the heat-addition process.
ii. The net work output.
iii. The thermal efficiency.
iv. The mean effective pressure for the cycle. Given Rair = 0.286 kJ/kg.K.

2-6 Air at 300 K enters a diesel cycle, which has a volume at the beginning of the
compression process of 0.8 m3/kg and ending at the volume of 0.04 m3/kg. The thermal
efficiency in the cycle is 60% with mean effective pressure (MEP) is 900 kPa. Take
constant specific heat ratio of air, k=1.4, specific heat of air at constant pressure, cp=1.005
kJ/kg.K and specific heat of air at constant volume, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg.K. Determine:

(a) Draw the P-V diagram for the cycle.

(b) The net work output.
(c) The maximum temperature.
(d) The cut-off ratio.

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2-7. Figure 2-7 shows a spark ignition engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle. The
movement and the distance of the piston from the top dead center (TDC) at different
condition are shown in the figure. The cylinder of the engine has a bore of 10 cm. The
isentropic compression process begins at 100 kPa and 25C. The temperature at the end of
the isentropic expansion process is 527C. Accounting for the variation of specific heats
with temperature, determine:

(a) The compression ratio of the cycle.

(b) The highest temperature in the cycle.
(c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle
(d) Draw the P-V diagram for the cycle.

Heat Heat
TDC TDC TDC TDC
10cm 10cm
P=100kPa 100cm T=527C 100cm
T=25C

BDC BDC BDC BDC

Beginning of End of Beginning of End of

Compression Compression Expansion Expansion

Figure 2-7 Piston Movements In A Spark Ignition Engine

2-8 An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working fluid. The
state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20°C. If the
maximum temperature in the cycle is not exceed 2500 K, determine:
i. the thermal efficiency of diesel engine
ii. the MEP

Assume constant specific heats for air at room temperature. Given k = 1.4, R = 0.287
kJ/kg.K, Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg.K and Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K.

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