Government Notes

Fascism
● Nationalism over 9000
● Lead by dictator
● Forcible suppression of opposition
● Control over society and economy

Anarchism
● No government
● Nothing is owned
● No laws
● Self governed (voluntary cooperation)

Communism
● Socio economic order
● Uses Marxism and anarchism
● Current order of society stems off of capitalism ((lower class higher class) communists
think it’s dumb)
● Everyone is the same class (working class)
● Common ownership of production
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1/31/19-----
Federalism
● More than one government has authority over the same area and people
(Government-ception)
● Strength of federal government is concerning (Anti-federalists)
○ Afraid it can lead to tyranny
● Isn't in the constitution
● The powers are thoroughly defined between state and national
● Constitution, Federal Laws, Treaties
● The Supremacy Laws
○ Law of the lands
● McCulloch vs Maryland was when people started to notice the supremacy laws
○ Taxed banks
○ James was sued by the bank of Maryland
● Implied Powers
○ The national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its
enumerated powers.
● The Elastic clause
○ Implied powers have become like a rubber band that can be stretched without
breaking
○ If a power is not enumerated by the government goes to the state. All laws are
enumerated (a contradiction)
 ● Powers and responsibilities of federal government
○ Protect against violence and invasion (If canadian mounties invades a state, they
can kick them out)
○ Ensure actions are constitutional (Arizona's immigration law)
○ National Legislation (laws for the country)
○ Conduct foreign Policy
● “” State governments
○ Responsible for policies dealing with social, family and moral issues (same sex
marriage)
○ Local and national Elections
○ Any power not given to federal goes to state
● “” to each other
○ Full faith and credit (marriage licenses)
○ Extradition (commits crime in one state and flees to another, if found, taken back
to original state)
○ Privileges and immunities: Prevents discrimination (sales tax)
● Why is it important?
○ Decentralizes our politics. Each geographic area receives some representation in
government. (concerns in one state does not affect another)
○ Provides more opportunities for Participation (run for city counsel)
○ Allows for “experiments in democracy” (medical and recreational wed)
○ Government becomes more responsive because its local
● Disadvantages (who’s responsible(resources in public services))
● Current ish issues
○ Healthcare- states accepting federal money to expand Medicaid
○ Utah and federal lands
○ Sanctuary cities
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2/4/19-----
Watched a movie and wrote 15 things i learned while watching it. Constitution USA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2/8/19-----
United States Government Our Democracy book work
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2/12/19-----
Legislative Branch
● Known for not getting anything done quickly.
○ Only two have been passed as of late.
● Structure
○ Consists of 2 houses (Bicameral)
■ House of representatives
■ The Senate
○ Nobody could agree on one plan. The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.
But Jersey is smaller so it isn't fair.
○ The Connecticut Compromise adopted both plans
○ The Constitution
 ■ The 17th amendment- Election of Senators
■ 27th Amendment- Limitations on congressional pay raises
● The House of Representatives
○ Lower house of congress, anyone can run
○ The house consists of 435 seats, elected based on population
○ The Constitution does not provide representation in congress.
○ Elected every 2 years
○ The candidates spend 50% of their time campaigning and 50% of their time doing
“Government Stuff” - Shannon Freestone
○ Must be at least 25 years old
○ Must be a citizen for at least 7 years
○ Must be a resident of the state when he/she is elected
○ Speaker of the house is currently Nancy Pelosi
● Majority and minority leaders and whips
○ The majority and minority leaders are elected by their party. But the leader is the
person is the top of majority
○ Whips are basically for getting the parties to vote on the right lines
● The Senate
○ 2 Representatives for each state
○ Usually don't show up unless they need to break a tie vote.
○ Mitch McConnell is current majority leader. He looks like a Turtle.
● Powers of congress
○ Lay and collect taxes
○ Borrow money
○ Regulate international and interstate commerce
○ Establish rules of naturalization
○ Coin money and regulate its value
○ Establish post offices and post roads
○ Promote science and the arts via intellectual property laws
○ Declare War
○ Support and raise armies, a navy, militias
○ Exercise legislation over Washington
● Article one section 9
○ No ban on the migration and importations of persons until 1808
○ No suspension of writ of Habeas Corpus
■ Except in cases of rebellion or invasion
○ No Bill of Attainder
■ Laws directed against a specific person or group of persons
● “People named Brigham cannot use computers anymore, its
against the law.” - Shannon Freestone
○ No ex post facto laws
■ Ban black shoes 3 weeks ago (applies to things in the past)
○ Must keep a budget
 ■ Cannot accept donations or bribes
○ The Emoluments Clause
■ Also bribery.
○ Investigations
■ Congress can investigate whoever they wish.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2/22/19-----

Making a Bill
● Study notes
1. The four theories of government:
a. The Force Theory: The state was born of force
b. Evolutionary Theory: Developed out of early Family
c. The Divine Right Theory: Divine right to rule
d. Social Contract Theory: The state arose out of a voluntary act of free people
2. The differences between Hobbes and Locke's and rousseau's theories
a. Hobbes’ state of nature had to do with anarchy and a kill or be killed society.
Actually, Hobbes’ theory was that people wouldn’t abide by their morals, they
would instead abide by one sovereign
 b. Locke’s state of nature is that people would willingly come together and form a
state so that they wouldn't have to live a life of fear and would enforce rules
about protecting the lives, liberties, and properties of others. Basically people
would give up the same rights to have an “inviolate” society.
c. Rousseau’s social contract theory is basically everyone as a collective makes
decisions.
3. Why is the magna carta important
a. Its important because it’s the document that shows that everyone is subject to the
law no matter how much power they have. They are also entitled to a fair trial.
4. Successes and failures of the confederation
a. Failure: no military, no power, no taxes
b. Successes: can make allies
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3/04/19-----
The Executive branch
● The executive branch consists of the president and the prime minister
● Presidents are like a prime minister except they
○ Are sometimes outsiders because prime ministers come from parliament.
○ Presidents choose cabinet members from outside congress
○ Presidents have no guaranteed majority in the legislative branch
● Divided Government
○ Some parties can control the white house whereas others can control the
legislative branch
○ When one party controls both branches, it is called a unified government. This is
currently happening with DJ Trump
● The evolution of Presidency
○ We didn't want one president for as long as they wanted because they were
afraid it would lead to tyranny. But the problem is they didn't have a limit for who
could be pres. for how long
● The electoral college
○ A system in which each state chooses electors in whatever manner they choose
○ The Electors meet in each state capital and vote for president
● Term Limits
○ The founding fathers didn't have any limit for how long a term is, mostly because
Washington only served two terms, so people just kind of followed him.
● Qualifications for president
○ The president must be
■ A natural born citizen
■ 35 years of age
■ A resident of the united states for at least 14 years
● Perks
○ A nice house
○ A salary for 400,000 per year
○ An expense account of 50,000 per year
 ○ Travel expenses of 100000 per year, tax free
○ A pension
○ Staff support
○ A place in the country
○ A personal Airplane
○ One more thing that i didn't see.
● Powers
○ Commander and chief of the armed forces
○ Commissioned officers of the armed forces
○ Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses
○ Convene congress in special sessions
○ Receive ambassadors
○ Ensure laws are faithfully executed
○ Wield executive power
○ Appoint officials to lesser offices
■ Difference of clemency and pardoning
● Clemency: reduction of the sentence
● Pardoning: Forgiveness and released.
● The Executive office of the president
○ Agencies in the executive office report directly to the president and perform staff
services
● The Cabinet
○ State
○ Treasury
○ Defence
○ Justice
○ Interior
○ Agriculture
○ Commerce
○ Labor
○ Health and human services
● Cabinet offices and agencies
○ CDC
○ FDA
○ National institutes of health
○ etc...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3/06/19-----
Socratic Seminar
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3/12/19-----
Judiciary Branch
● The basis of the judicial branch of the government is found in Article III
● Section 1
 ○ Establishes a supreme court, and states that justices of the supreme court shall
be compensated for their services throughout their lifetime
● Section 2
○ States that the supreme court will decide arguments over how to interpret the
constitution laws passed by congress and treaties
■ Judicial Review
■ Marbury vs Madison
● Supreme court justices are nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate.
They are appointed for life or until they retire.
● State judges are elected. This can compromise judiciary objective and independence
● There are several approaches to interpreting the constitution
○ Strict constructionism
○ Loose constructionism or the activist approach
○ Originalism
● The president nominates judges but they must go through a senate confirmation hearing
● Supreme court terms
○ Brief: whatever pays what the court is hearing
○ Stare Decisis: Deciding on a case from the past
○ Amicus Curiae: people can write a brief and submit it based on their feelings
○ Opinion: This is what we decided and why
■ Concurring opinion: Agree with the opinion
■ Dissenting opinion: Disagree with the opinion
● 12 federal district courts (federal district courts: have original jurisdiction)
● Appellate courts
● Supreme court: Chooses which cases it chooses to hear
● JEOPARDY
○ Executive
■ How old must you be to run for presidednt
● 35
○ Define me
■ Emoluments Clause
● Nobility clause Cannot resceve that
○ Executive
■ 2 powers of the president
● Veto
● Command the military
○ Judicial
■ What opinion can they write
● Descenting opinion
○ Legislate branch
■ How old for Senate
● 30
○ Define me
■ Concurring Opinion
● Agree with the court's decision and here's why
○ Reveiw
■ The 10th amendment
● States and people
○ Legislative
■ Elastic clause
○ Review
■ Necesary and proper clause
● Same as elastic
○ Which comittee decides rules for a debate
■ The rules comitee
○ Leg
■ Who presides over the house of representatives
● Speaker of the house
○ Exec
■ Pocket veto
● Temporary veto leading to an auto veto
○ Exec
■ Executive order? What is it
● An order given by the president
○ Jud
■ What is stare decisis
● Where the courts respect their descions before hand
○ Leg
 ■ Who is the president of the senate
● Vice president
○ Exec
■ Name 3 cabinet departments
● Defence treasury and state
○ Rev
■ Two advantages of federalism
● More centralized expedited processes and closer and faster
○ What are the laws of the land
■
○ Leg
■ What is a writer
● A person who makes changes to laws that dont completely apply
to anything.
○ Leg
■ What proportion of congress has to vote to veto a bill
● ⅔
○ Leg Proc
■ Once a bill is introduced, it goes where to study?
○ Leg Proc
■ What comitee represents house versions of a bill
● Conference committee
○ Define
■ bicameral
● 2 House
■
■ What is the bill of attainder
○ What court case is used to establish judicial review
○ Def
■ Presidential pardon
● Basically that
○ Def
○ Leg proc
■ Appropriations bill
● Ti
○ Judicial
■ Maurbury vs madison
○ Articles of confederation
○ Whats a philibuster
■ When someone has to talk for a long time to make a point
○ Leg process
○ Constitution, treaties, federal law
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4/02/19-----
 ● 14th Amendment: Citizenship, equal protection clasue
● 9th Amendment: Other Rights Exist
● 8th Amendment: cruel and unusual, excessive bails and fines
● 6th Amendment: Speedy, public Trial, Jury Trial, Fair and Impartial, Attorney, face
witness, witnesses in your defence
● 5th Amendment: No self incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Eminent Domain
● 4th Amendment: Search and Seizure, Privacy, Probable Cause, Warrant, Responsible
Suspicion
●
● 2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms, militia
● 1st Amendment: Religion, the establishment clause, free exercise clause. Freedom of
speech, freedom of the press
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4/08/19-----
Political Culture
● Who Why How
○ Shares the ideas that the American People have about Government
● Subculture
○ Religion, race, ethnicity
● Now more “Tribalistic” than it used to be
○ Dividing ourselves into groups and looking at others outside the group with
“weariness”
■ Ex: If african american, did you vote for trump? Probably not. East coast
vote for trump, nah fam.
○ Utah has a subculture, as Andrew said, “Romneyism”
3 approaches to democracy
● Participatory Democracy
○ Emphasizes broad participation in politics and society
■ Someone who is caught up on current events and all of that stuff. Also
protestors
● Pluralist Democracy
○ Recognizes group based activism by non-governmental interests hoping to
impact policy
■ AARP retired people. Its what Utah has, apparently.
● Elite Democracy
○ Decisions are made by elected representatives acting as trustees
■ Basically what we have now, we have representatives who represent us
and our interests.
● We are somewhere between elite and pluralist
Liberal Tradition
● Classical Liberalism
○ Individuals by their own dignity and rational ability, are able to control their own
destiny
US and the western liberal tradition
 ● Since the end of WWII, The US and Europe have embraced a liberal approach of
government
● Some conflict emerges because of differing perspectives on what liberty and equality
mean
Equality
● No one is fundamentally better than another. EX:
○ Equality of opportunity
■ Liberal
○ Political Equality
■ Liberal
○ Legal Equality
■ Conservative
○ Economic Equality
■ Conservative
Commitment to Liberalism?
● There have been challenges to the liberal order in both the United States and Europe
○ Far Right parties (Hungary , Austria, Poland, Turkey)
○ Brexit (rip memes)
○ Trump
Ideologies: US STYLES BROOOOOOOOOOOOOO
● Liberalism
○ The government should provide economic security and civil rights protection.
However, they should stay out of social policy matters
○ Reducing poverty and ending discrimination
● Conservatism
○ Free market capitalism, limited government, self reliance, pessimistic
Individual and political ideology
● Besides US political culture and subcultures, each individual can be said to have their
own political ideology, or set of beliefs about politics and government
● Political Ideology develops as a product of numerous factors
Developing a political Ideology
● Family
● Education
● Personal Experience
● Mass Media
● Religious groups
● Interest Groups
● Government Leaders
● Weird smell test
● World’s smallest political quiz
The Two Party System
● I did that in other notes, refer to other notes for this information faaaaam
● Makes it hard for third party candidates to win
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4/16/19-----
Candidate Assignment