SIMPLE PRESENT

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

To conjugate the present simple we use the infinitive for the subjects "I", "you",
"we" and "they" and for the third persons "he", "she" and "it", we add a "-s" to the
end of the verb.
Para conjugar el presente simple usamos el infinitivo para los sujetos “I”, “you”,
“we” y “they” y para las terceras personas “he”, “she” y “it”, añadimos una “-s” al
final del verbo.
Sujeto Conjugación
I, you, we, they talk, eat, learn, do, go…
he, she, it talks, eats, learns, does, goes…

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

Subject + verb

SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES

I work in a factory.
I
(yo) Trabajo en una fábrica.
work
You work in a factory.
You
(tú) Trabajas en una fábrica.
He works in a factory.
He
(él) Trabaja en una fábrica.
She works in a factory.
She works
(ella) Trabaja en una fábrica.
It works.
It
(ello) Funciona.
We work in a factory.
We
(nosotros/as) Trabajamos en una fábrica.
You work in a factory.
You work
(vosotros/as) Trabajáis en una fábrica.
They work in a factory.
They
(ellos/as) Trabajan en una fábrica.

As we can see, the verb of the third person of the singular (he / she / it) is added
a -s or -es depending on its ending:
Como podemos ver, al verbo de la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) se le
añade una -s o -es dependiendo de su terminación:
 ENDING (Finalizando) EXAMPLES (Ejemplos)
He kisses
Él besa
He fishes
If the verb used ends in -SS, -SH, -CH,
Él pesca
-O, or -X, the termination of the third
She watches
person is –ES
Ella observa
Si el verbo utilizado acaba en -SS, -
She goes
SH, -CH, -O, o -X, la terminación de la
Ella va
tercera persona es -ES
He fixes
Él repara
If the verb used ends in a consonant
plus -Y, the termination of the third
He studies
person is formed by replacing the -Y
Él estudia
with a -IES
She flies
Si el verbo utilizado acaba
Ella vuela
en consonante más -Y, la terminación
de la tercera persona se forma
sustituyendo la -Y por una -IES
If the verb used ends in a vowel plus -
He plays
Y, we simply add an -S at the end
Él juega
Si el verbo utilizado acaba
He stays
en vocal más -Y, nos limitamos a
Él se queda
añadir una -S al final

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary ("not") + verb

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB EXAMPLES

I don't work in a factory.
I
do not (yo) No trabajo en una fábrica.
don't You don't work in a factory.
You
(tú) No trabajas en una fábrica.
He doesn't work in a factory.
He
(él) No trabaja en una fábrica.
does not She doesn't work in a factory.
She
doesn't (ella) No trabaja en una fábrica.
work
It doesn't work.
It
(ello) No funciona.
We don't work in a factory.
We
(nosotros/as) No trabajamos en una fábrica.
do not You don't work in a factory.
You
don't (vosotros/as) Trabajáis en una fábrica.
They don't work in a factory.
They
(ellos/as) No trabajan en una fábrica.
3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb

AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES

Do I work in a factory?
I
(yo) ¿Trabajo en una fábrica?
Do
Do you work in a factory?
you
(tu) ¿Trabajas en una fábrica?
Does he work in a factory?
he
(él) ¿Trabaja en una fábrica?
Does she work in a factory?
Does she
(ella) ¿Trabaja en una fábrica?
work?
Does it work?
it
(ello) ¿Funciona?
Do we work in a factory?
we
(nosotros/as) ¿Trabajamos en una fábrica?
Do you work in a factory?
Do you
(vosotros/as) ¿Trabajáis en una fábrica?
Do they work in a factory?
they
(ellos/as) ¿Trabajan en una fábrica?

Like the verbs to be and have got, interrogative sentences in present simple also
have their own short answers.
Al igual que los verbos to be y have got, las oraciones interrogativas en present
simple también cuentan con sus propias respuestas cortas.
ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY
I I
do don't
you you
he he
she does she doesn't
Yes, No,
it it
we we
you do you don't
they they