Name : Almas Mad-adam

ID : A12116144

Class : D

1. The relationship between language and poetry!

Answer:

Language is medium of communication. If we talk about poetry its mean we talk

about literature, it adds something in the beauty of language. Literature developing the
interest of reading. Throughout the medium of poem generally writers intended to pass
message. something if we can't say directly to someone, we will pass out message
indirectly through the poem or song or sayings or through the dialogues. Simply the
forms of poetry are the ornaments of language. Language will become effective or
interesting with the decoration of literature.

Own

Poetry which is part of literature can beautify a language. which poetry can be used
to convey a direct or indirect message that has its own meanings in every word, which
can develop the interest of someone who reads it.

2.The history of poetry both English and Indonesian poetry

Answer:

English

English poetry has a long and distinguished history. Poets began writing in Old
English as early as the seventh century. Over this period, English poets have written
some of the most enduring poems in European culture, and the language and its poetry
have spread around the globe. but the most famous Old English poem, Beowulf, has
been dated to the eight century.

The oldest poetry written in the area currently known as England was composed
in Old English, a precursor to the English language that is not something a typical
modern English-speaker could be expected to be able to read. At the end of the
eighteenth century, English poetry went through a Golden Age. Many poets from this
time belonged to the Romantic movement, in which creative expression was given
absolute importance, and many of the constraints and rules of earlier poetry were done
away with.

With the growth of trade and the British Empire, the English language had been
widely used outside England. The twentieth century saw the birth of the Modernist
movement in English poetry. T.S. Eliot wrote shockingly original poems that dealt with
bleak and existential themes, but were still strangely beautiful and compelling.

And in the twenty-first century, only a small percentage of the world's native
English speakers live in England, and there is also a vast population of non-native
speakers of English who are capable of writing poetry in the language.

Indonesian

Some of the earliest poetry written in Bahasa Indonesia (as the language calls
itself) appeared in the 1920s. Mohammad Yamin (1903–1962) wrote a number of
sonnets with fervent nationalist sentiment as well as idyllic nostalgia, in a vocabulary
that nowadays may sound rather archaic. Sanoesi Pane (1905–1968), in his attempt to
achieve a synthesis of East and West, drew much inspiration from classical Indian and
Javanese culture in a number of his sonnets, while Roestam Effendi (1902–1979), a
determined innovator, produced a body of work that uses a somewhat mixed
vocabulary, partly drawn from vernaculars such as Javanese, Sundanese and
Minangkabau. I

The 1930s witnessed the rise of the influential literary magazine Poedjangga Baroe
(New Writer) that published works by a younger group of writers. Sutan Takdir
Alisjahbana (1908–1994), the magazine’s editor as well as its most eloquent
spokesperson and polemicist, urged Indonesians to adopt the modern West as the
ultimate role model. In their effort to break away from the old tradition, they claimed
to draw their literary influences from abroad, such as the Dutch ’80s poets (de
Tachtigers). Meanwhile, Amir Hamzah (1911–1946), widely recognised as its greatest
poet, composed melodious, hermetic poems steeped in allusions to Sufi as well as other
mystical traditions.

A major breakthrough arrived in the shape of the modernist work of Chairil Anwar
(1922–1949). Chairil’s poetry is terse, vibrant and rife with extremes covering a broad
range of emotions: from hope to despair, solemnity to playfulness, calmness to
rebelliousness. Even today after half a century his poems somehow still retain their
freshness and contemporary feel in their use of the Indonesian language. Chairil and
his peers Asrul Sani (1926–2004) and Rivai Apin (1927–1995) – the writers of the
cosmopolitan “Gelanggang Credo” of 1950 – saw themselves as “heirs to the world
culture”.

In the wake of Chairil Anwar, Indonesian poetry found distinctive new voices in
the works of Sitor Situmorang (1924), Subagio Sastrowardoyo (1924–1995), and
Rendra (1935–2009). Sitor Situmorang, in his long career as poet-errant, has written
some of the most vivid and piercing lines in Indonesian in his poetry about the
loneliness and ennui of a wanderer taking respite and finding solace in the sensual and
sensuous present, as well as in fleeting memories. Subagio Sastrowardoyo’s poems,
intimate and at times enigmatic, are poised between the subconscious desires and
longings of everyman and the solitary thoughts of a learned man. Rendra, also a great
actor, has an assorted poetic repertoire that ranges from the lyric, epic and dramatic to
protest poetry (“pamphlet poetry”) – his special legacy being the whole body of
narrative poems unique in Indonesian literature.

The 1970s was undoubtedly something of an experimentalist decade – with

performance art, concrete poetry and sound poetry stealing the show. The avant-garde
poetry of Sutardji Calzoum Bachri (1941), invoking the primal power of mantra as well
as the play of signifiers bordering on poetic frenzy, brought something singular and
unprecedented to Indonesian literature. And from the 1980s onwards, Afrizal Malna
(1957) introduced a kind of mongrel poetry of discordant images and rhythms, born in
the chaotic urban life of mass-marketed desires and its discontents.

3.The type of poetry and explanation

Answer

 Sonnet - a short rhyming poem with 14 lines. The original sonnet form was
invented in the 13/14th century by Dante and an Italian philosopher named
Francisco Petrarch. The form remained largely unknown until it was found
and developed by writers such as Shakespeare. Sonnets use iambic meter in
each line and use line-ending rhymes.
 Limerick - a five-line witty poem with a distinctive rhythm. The first, second
and fifth lines, the longer lines, rhyme. The third and fourth shorter lines
rhyme. (A-A-B-B-A).
 Haiku - This ancient form of poem writing is renowned for its small size as
well as the precise punctuation and syllables needed on its three lines. It is of
 ancient Asian origin. Haiku's are composed of 3 lines, each a phrase. The first
line typically has 5 syllables, second line has 7 and the 3rd and last line
repeats another 5. In addition there is a seasonal reference included.
 Narrative - A narrative poem tells the story of an event in the form of a poem.
There is a strong sense of narration, characters, and plot.
 Epic - a lengthy narrative poem in grand language celebrating the adventures
and accomplishments of a legendary or conventional hero
 Couplet - two lines of verse which rhyme and form a unit alone or as part of a
poem.
 Free Verse - A Free Verse Poem does not follow any rules. Their creation is
completely in the hands of the author. Rhyming, syllable count, punctuation,
number of lines, number of stanzas, and line formation can be done however
the author wants in order to convey the idea.