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Heat Transfer
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Heat Transfer – Dr. Sleiti
Types
Simplest configuration.
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Types (cont.)
For cross-flow over the tubes, fluid motion, and hence mixing, in the transverse
direction (y) is prevented for the finned tubes, but occurs for the unfinned condition.
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Heat Transfer – Dr. Sleiti
Types (cont.)
Baffles are used to establish a cross-flow and to induce turbulent mixing of the
shell-side fluid, both of which enhance convection.
The number of tube and shell passes may be varied, e.g.:
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Heat Transfer – Dr. Sleiti
Types (cont.)
• With subscripts c and h used to designate the hot and cold fluids, respectively,
the most general expression for the overall coefficient is:
1 1 1
UA UA c UA h
1 Rf , c Rf , h 1
Rw
o hAc o Ac o Ah o hAh
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Rf Fouling factor for a unit surface area (m K/W)
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Table 11.1
Rw Wall conduction resistance (K/W)
mc or h 2U p / kwt c or h
h
partial overall coefficient
1 hR
U p , c or h
Heat Transfer – Dr. Sleiti f c or h 7
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LMTD Method
T1 Th,1 Tc ,1
Th ,i Tc , o
T2 Th,2 Tc ,2
Th , o Tc ,i
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LMTD Method (cont.)
T1 Th,1 Tc ,1
Th ,i Tc ,i
T2 Th,2 Tc,2
Th , o Tc , o
T1m,CF T1m, PF
• Shell-and-Tube and Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers:
T1m F T1m,CF F Figures 11S.1 - 11S.4
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Energy Balance
• Assume negligible heat transfer between the exchanger and its surroundings
and negligible potential and kinetic energy changes for each fluid.
q m h ih,i ih, o
q m c ic , o ic ,i
i fluid enthalpy
q m h c p , h Th ,i Th ,o Ch Th,i Th , o
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Special Conditions
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Example
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Problem 11S.8: Design of a two-pass, shell-and-tube heat exchanger to supply
vapor for the turbine of an ocean thermal energy conversion
system based on a standard (Rankine) power cycle. The power
cycle is to generate 2 MWe at an efficiency of 3%. Ocean
water enters the tubes of the exchanger at 300K, and its desired
outlet temperature is 292K. The working fluid of the power
cycle is evaporated in the tubes of the exchanger at its
phase change temperature of 290K, and the overall heat transfer
coefficient is known.
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Compact Heat Exchangers
Compact heat exchangers are typically used when (1) a large heat
transfer surface area per unit volume is desired and (2) at least one of
the fluids is a gas.
Heat transfer and flow characteristics have been determined for specific
configurations and are typically presented in the format of Figures 11.16
and 11.17
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…Compact Heat Exchangers: Heat transfer and flow characteristics
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…Compact Heat Exchangers: Heat transfer and flow characteristics
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…Compact Heat Exchangers: Heat transfer and flow characteristics
Stanton Number
Reynolds Number
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…Compact Heat Exchangers: Heat transfer and flow characteristics
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Next Lecture
Heat Exchangers:
The Effectiveness – NTU Method
Chapter 11
Sections 11.4 through 11.7
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