OUTLINE
I. Emerging Technology 1: OER - Open Educational Resources
A. How does the emerging technology work?
open learning tries to minimize constraints of access, time and
place, pace, and methods of study
open educational resources (OERs), offer an abundance of
freely accessible learning, teaching, and testing materials for
learners and teachers.
open learning targets at democratization of access to education
by not requiring entry qualifications vs.
flexible learning targets at providing learning flexibility to
satisfy diverse student needs.
Massive open online courses (or MOOCs) are an offspring
of open educational resources (OERs).
MOOCs, on the other hand, are free online courses
developed by start-ups or universities for anyone with Internet
access
B. How does it impact your teaching decisions?
OER’s have a less predefined curriculum or agenda of activities
for participants to follow.
Though structure and outlines of topics are always present, class
activities are not predetermined.
https://link-springer-
com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-7995-
5_1
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/the-structural-and-dialogic-
aspects-of-language-massive-open-online-courses-
lmoocs/219737 paragraph 2 cite: Fuchs, C. (2019). The Structural
and Dialogic Aspects of Language Massive Open Online Courses
(LMOOCs): A Case Study. In I. Management Association (Ed.),
Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1540-1562).
Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch073
https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/4350/3673
https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1614680811?accountid=27
953
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019
&context=anaheipublishing#page=85
https://journals.gre.ac.uk/index.php/compass/article/view/371/pdf
https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1614680811?accountid=27
953
Difficulties occur when facilitators try to manage many
participants.

Instructors feel overwhelmed by the many ''housekeeping" tasks

related to running an OER or MOOC

Challenges of responding to hundreds of student emails

Instructors have difficulty facilitating student interactions.

There are challenges with online discussions.

How to construct them so that students will construct knowledge.

Ensuring equity in participation

Limiting the potential for verbal sabotage of interactions.

Teachers can feel a loss of connectivity due to lack of immediate

student feedback.

Being an OER instructor is both time consuming and expensive

Assessing student progress is a challenge.

https://search-proquest-
C. How does it impact your student's learning? com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1888963062/6F700CA5657240E7
PQ/2?accountid=27953
Readings and course activities promote open readiness and a https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&cont
participatory culture: learning by participating with others through ext=anaheipublishing#page=85
requirements Students will create, curate and share open
educational resources.
Research is most appropriate when the questions of “how” or
“why” are explored in an environment containing many variables
and factors.

OERs help learners develop self-directed knowledge.

Teaching becomes subordinate as learners establish connections

and build knowledge on their own.

encourages learners to embrace learning through social media, &

other participants, often take on the role of the teacher.

Some students can become dissatisfied with the lack of instructor

to student interaction.

a. https://www.oercommons.org/oer
b. https://www.oercommons.org/courses/10-amazing-science-
D. How is it being used in an: tricks-using-liquid/view
c. https://www.govtech.com/education/news/open-educational-
resources.html
a. elementary classroom

It can be used to help initiate basic core learning goals or

activities in areas of math, reading, science, and language skills.
b. middle school classroom
Middle school learners benefit from learning by slide
presentations, group collaboration on projects, and social media
exchanges of knowledge & information
c. high school classroom

All students will have access to high-quality learning materials.

Content is relevant and high quality - no longer deal with outdated
textbooks.
 https://search-proquest-
E. What are the benefits for use in the classroom? com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1614680811?accountid=27953
https://www.qualitymatters.org/qa-resources/resource-center/articles-
resources/open-ed-resources
Although dealing with the abundance seems to be one of the
major challenges in open learning environments, MOOCs can
help learners enhance their self-organization and learning skills.

OER courses help develop connections and create networks

between participants by using tools like Twitter, Facebook, and
blogs to develop their professional or learning connections.

Provide possibilities for learners to create and develop their

networks as professional connections.

Being connected helps create opportunities to access resources

and resource persons easily.

Networked learning transcends the temporal limitations and

geographical barriers thorough the power of technology.

II. Emerging Technology 2: Virtual Reality

A. How does the emerging technology work?
Virtual Reality (VR) technology or “Virtual Environment”,
completely immerses the users in a synthetic world without
seeing the real world.
Virtual reality can have the difficulty of "immersing" people in a
computer-generated world: ideally, you need to wear a
sophisticated headset that completely blocks out the real world
and replaces it with a computer-drawn equivalent.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272677840_Virtual_Reality_in_Ed
ucation
https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/7314
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-schematic-view-of-a-VR-
system_fig2_272677840 this is a concept map & another type of link to it
below:
<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-schematic-view-of-a-VR-
system_fig2_272677840"><img
src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chris_Christou3/publication/2726
 77840/figure/fig2/AS:294921811578884@1447326247396/A-schematic-
view-of-a-VR-system.png" alt="A schematic view of a VR system."/></a>

Navigating the challenges of Integrating VR into the classroom:

B. How does it impact your teaching decisions? https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/7318/6436

VR can provide high-impact knowledge with varying possibilities.

Its value lies in becoming a part of the lesson plan’s core
structure as well as an alternative way to engage students
through enhancement to the physical classroom.

Teacher must discover the most viable means of optimization

when combining it into the curriculum.

https://variety.com/2018/digital/features/voiss-interview-vr-hmd-
C. How does it impact your student's learning? 1203086576/

https://as.cornell.edu/news/study-probes-effect-virtual-reality-learning-0
With VR, students can talk about a topic at the same time as
experiencing it, meaning increased levels of enthusiasm and https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/28/learning/lesson-plans/teaching-
detail in their descriptions. with-nyt-virtual-reality-across-subjects.html

VR helps provide enriched learning environments for students

who otherwise may not respond to traditional educational
methods.

a. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2019/02/k-12-
D. How is it being used in an: teachers-use-virtual-and-augmented-reality-platforms-teach-
coding-perfcon

d. elementary classroom
VR can provide enriched learning environments for students b. https://www.forbes.com/sites/solrogers/2019/03/15/virtual-
who otherwise may not respond to traditional educational reality-the-learning-aid-of-the-21st-century/#7a0de51f139b
methods
e. middle school classroom
 3.https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/7329/
6437
Students can use VR to take field trips and discover new
places and fresh engagements to the lesson. With VR, any
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/28/learning/lesson-
subject is given the opportunity to expand beyond the
plans/teaching-with-nyt-virtual-reality-across-subjects.html
classroom.
https://www.schoology.com/blog/new-frontiers-growing-impact-virtual-
With the opportunity for global collaboration, students meet
reality-education
friends across the world and can get to know each other’s
cultures and differences.
f. high school classroom
VR can be used to facilitating learning and promote
imagination and creativity by offering students the availability
to generate content. Creativity can be sparked through
conventional learning techniques such as group projects or
expressive freedom in writing.

Students can use a 360 camera to create their own virtual

world or even generate their own simulated animation.
VR can take students on tours of university campuses. It can
even allow potential recruitment simulation for student athletes
who are interested in discovering what it feels like to be on a
track or field at a large university.

E. What are the benefits for use in the classroom?
https://www.theewf.org/research/2019/virtual-reality-for-education
https://www.theewf.org/uploads/pdf/Facebook-for-Education-VR-
compressed.pdf these 2 above are the same article, 2nd one is PDF
article
VS no difference in learning as in the article below:
https://campustechnology.com/articles/2019/02/07/study-finds-no-
difference-in-vr-learning-outcomes-compared-to-other-modes.aspx

III. Emerging Technology 3: AR- Augmented Reality

 1. How does the emerging technology work? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227164365_Aug
mented_Reality_An_Overview
Augmented Reality aims at simplifying the user’s life by bringing
virtual information not only to his immediate surroundings, but
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-augmented-reality-
also to any indirect view of the real-world environment, such as
works.html
live-video stream.
AR enhances the user’s perception of and interaction with the
real world. AR augments the sense of reality by superimposing
virtual objects and cues upon the real world in real time.
With AR, what we need is a way of overlaying computer-
generated information on what we can see already.

Same as link above:

B. How does it impact your teaching decisions?
Net-connected cellphones with cameras are commonplace,
they've become the focus for AR—although that may change in
future.
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-augmented-reality-
works.html
https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2019/04/how-k-
12-schools-should-define-and-act-digital-learning

Already, researchers are working on prototype contact lenses

with built-in computer displays, which would superimpose things
like Web pages onto our field of vision.

Another possibility is wearing eyeglasses with miniature, forward-

facing cameras built into the frames and transparent screens
added to the lenses.

Teacher can setup differentiated stations. Teachers may give

assessments before each unit or standard, which sorts students
into three groups: high, middle, low.

Teachers may then move to a three-station rotation that

distinguishes lessons for the students based on the assessment
data gathered.
 https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2019/04/how-k-
C. How does it impact your student's learning? 12-schools-should-define-and-act-digital-learning

https://www.talk-business.co.uk/2018/07/09/the-benefits-of-
It makes life’s activities easy and fun. augmented-reality-in-education-and-learning-process/

The integration of AR into lectures and classroom drives

unparalleled attention from students.

With AR apps, students have access to education and

learning models. These models aid better and high- level
understanding of subjects among students.

AR imbibes high level of learning passion and inspiration in

students. Thus, improves imagination which results to
improved and increased memory.

a. https://search-proquest-
D. How is it being used in an: com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/146624
6939?rfr_id=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo
b. https://easternpeak.com/blog/augment
g. elementary classroom ed-reality-in-education-the-hottest-edtech-
trend-2018-and-how-to-apply-it-to-your-
The use of AR in education brings about enriched ways of telling business/
educational stories.

Through the use of AR visual models, educational storytelling c. https://www.thetechieteacher.net/2018/

becomes a powerful tool.
04/augmented-reality-in-elementary.html
d. https://www.thetechieteacher.net/2018/04/a
AR can help enhance the mental and physical dexterity of ugmented-reality-in-elementary.html
students. e. AR Apps available for Merge Cube:
h. middle school classroom https://www.miniverse.io/category?t=educational
Merge Cube’s Galactic Explorer allows students to experience f. https://edu.google.com/products/vr-
augmented reality in very impressive ways. ar/expeditions/?modal_active=none
Google Expeditions: VR lets you explore the world virtually while g. https://www.thetechedvocate.org/4-benefits-
AR brings abstract concepts to life—allowing teachers to guide using-augmented-reality-classroom/
students through collections of 360° scenes and 3D objects,
pointing out interesting sites and artifacts along the way.
i. high school classroom

AR can provide real-life environments and scenarios to help

prepare high school students for adulthood.

AR can be included to everything from field trips to exposure to

training within different professions.

It can be used to help students learn technical and critical

thinking skills associated with various types of work.

When combined with assignments involving teamwork AR also

helps provide new opportunities for students to learn how to
communicate and collaborate with one another.

E. What are the benefits for use in the classroom?
Augmented reality doesn’t require any expensive hardware.
Because most all teens currently own a smartphone, AR
technologies are immediately available for use for the majority of
the target audience.
https://easternpeak.com/blog/augmented-reality-in-
education-the-hottest-edtech-trend-2018-and-how-to-
apply-it-to-your-business/
https://education.viewsonic.com/augmented-reality-
education-learning/

The goal of traditional learning is to differentiate lessons for each

student. Teachers can do so effectively by using checklists and
choice boards that offer students greater ownership of their
learning.
 AR helps students to think about the technology itself, how it
works, what it means for communication and what it could look
like in 20- or 100-years' time.

CITATION Resources:

Glance, D., Forsey, M., & Riley, M. (2013). The pedagogical foundations of massive open online courses. First Monday, 18(5).
doi:https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v18i5.4350
Saadatmand, M., & Kumpulainen, K. (2014). Participants' perceptions of learning and networking in connectivist MOOCs. Journal of
Online Learning and Teaching, 10(1), 16-n/a. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.csn.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1614680811?accountid=27953
Foroughi, A. (2016). MOOCs: The enduring importance of "teacher presence".Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 16(6),
76-85. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.csn.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy.library.csn.edu/docview/1888963062?accountid=27953
In Kim, P. (2015). Massive open online courses: The MOOC revolution. New York: Routledge.
Jewitt, K. (2017). The MOOC Revolution – massive open online courses: the answer to problems facing education or an experiment
that could destroy centuries of tradition.. Compass: Journal of Learning and Teaching, 10(1).
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/compass.v10i1.371
Explore. Create. Collaborate. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/ This site is where you can go to
access MOOC lessons or create and share your lessons

https://www.classcentral.com/subject/internet-of-things Course available on Class Central website that offers MOOCs via