Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Body Regions
Head
Neck
Trunk (Torso)
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis
Upper Extremities
Lower Extremities
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Body Regions
Head
Facial Region
Eyes (Orbital)
Nose (Nasal)
Mouth (Oral)
Ear (Auricular)
Cranial Region
Cranium (Skull)
Neck
Cervical Region
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Cardiovascular System
Circulatory system
Cardio Vascular System
Lymphatic System
Cardio Vascular System
Heart
Muscular Pumping Device
Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
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Heart
Four chambered muscular organ
Cone shaped and about the size of a fist
Starts beating early in 4th week
Contracts 42 million times a year
Pumps 700,000 gallons of blood
Location of heart
Human heart lies in the mediastinum1, or middle region of
thorax, just behind the body of sternum and extends obliquely
for 12-14 cm (5 inches) from 2nd rib to the 5th inter costal space.
About two-third of heart is located to LEFT of midline
One-third is to RIGHT.
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Heart
Orientation
Rests on superior surface of diaphragm
Anteriorly -->
Lies anterior to Vertebral Column against bodies of 5th to 8th
thoracic vertebrae
Posteriorly --> It lies behind the sternum
Laterally --> Lungs flank the heart and partially cover
it
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Heart
Base
Broad superior end where the large vessels attach
Just below the 2nd rib
9cm (3.5 inches) wide and directed towards the right shoulder
Apex
A blunt point at lower end of the heart that lies on the
diaphragm pointing downwards
PMI (Point of maximal Intensity)
The space between the 5th and 6th rib, just below the left nipple,
where apex touches the chest wall
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Rhythmic compression the heart with the heel of the hand
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Heart
Weight, size and Shape of the Heart
Weight
Infants 1/130th of body weight
Adults 1/300th of body weight
Adults Range: 225-350g
Male Avg: 310g
Female Avg: 225g
Heart attains full adult shape and weight between puberty and 25 years of age.
Size
Approximated Dimensions are;
Length -- > 12 cm (4.75 inches)
Width -- > 9 cm (3.5 inches)
Depth -- > 6 cm (2.5 inches)
Shape
Tall, thin individuals Elongated (Greater length)
Short individuals Transverse (Greater width)
Average height individuals Neither Long nor transverse
(intermediate) 10
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Coverings of the Heart
Serous Pericardium
A thin slippery, two layered membrane
Parietal Layer
Lines inner surface of the fibrous Pericardium
Visceral layer (Epicardium)
Adheres to the outside of the heart
Pericardial Cavity:
Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous
pericardium
Contains few drops of fluid called PERICARDIAL Fluid.
Provides lubrication
Prevents from friction
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
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Myocardium
Middle Layer
Forms the bulk of heart
Thick, contractile, constructed
of cardiac muscles
Layer that contracts
In this layer, the branching cardiac muscle cells are
tethered to one another by crisscrossing connective
tissue fibers and arranged in spiral or circular bundles.
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Endocardium
Inner most Layer
Delicate layer composed of endothelial tissue (resembels
simple squamous epithilium)
Continuous with the endothelial linings of the blood
vessels leaving and entering the heart.
Covers the beamlike projection of myocardial tissue
called trabeculae. 1
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